millet

See also: Millet

English

pearl millet in the field

Ripe head of proso millet

millet grains

Etymology 1

From late Middle English, borrowed from Middle French millet; from Latin milium, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”), see also Ancient Greek μελίνη (melínē, “millet”) and Lithuanian málnos (“millet”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈmɪlɪt/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈmɪlət/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪlɪt

Noun

millet (countable and uncountable, plural millets)

1. Any of a group of various types of grass or its grains used as food, widely cultivated in the developing world.
   • 1991, Douglas Coupland, “Adventure without risk is Disneyland”, in Generation X, New York: St. Martin's Press, →OCLC, page 155:

     […] Tobias said, ‘Don't bother. Elena's allergic to all known food groups. The only thing she eats here is seasoned millet and rainwater they bring down from Vermont in a zinc can.’

2. (specifically) Common millet, in particular Panicum miliaceum.

Hyponyms

• (food grains): Urochloa deflexa (syn. Brachiaria deflexa; Guinea millet), Urochloa ramosa (syn. Brachiaria ramosa; brown-top millet), Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's tears, adlay millet), Digitaria exilis, Echinochloa, Eleusine coracana, Eragrostis tef, Panicum miliaceum, Urochloa ramosa (syn. Panicum ramosum), Panicum sumatrense, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Cenchrus americanus (syn. Pennisetum glaucum), Setaria italica, Sorghum

Coordinate terms

• (Cereals) cereal; barley, fonio, maize/corn, millet, oats, rice, rye, sorghum, teff, triticale, wheat

Derived terms

terms derived from millet (noun)

• wild foxtail millet (Setaria viridis)
• adlay millet (Coix lacryma-jobi)
• Australian millet (Panicum decompositum)
• barnyard millet (Echinochloa spp.)
• black millet (Pennisetum glaucum)
• broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum)
• broomtail millet (Panicum miliaceum)
• browntop millet (Urochloa spp., syn. Brachiaria spp.)
• bulrush millet (Pennisetum glaucum)
• burgu millet (Echinochloa stagnina)
• Chinese millet (Setaria faberi)
• common millet (usually Panicum miliaceum)
• coracan millet (Eleusine coracana)
• finger millet (Eleusine coracana)
• fonio millet (Digitaria exilis)
• foxtail millet (Setaria italica)
• German millet (Setaria italica)
• gray millet (Lithospermum arvense)
• great millet (Sorghum spp.)
• Guinea millet (Urochloa deflexa)
• hog millet (Panicum miliaceum)
• Indian barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea)
• Indian millet (Sorghum bicolor)
• Italian millet
• Japanese barnyard millet (Echinochloa esculenta)
• Japanese millet (Echinochloa esculenta, Echinochloa frumentacea)
• kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum)
• little millet (Panicum sumatrense)
• millet butterflyfish (Chaetodon miliaris)
• millet skipper (Pelopidas spp.)
• milletgrass, millet grass (Milium spp.)
• native millet (Panicum decompositum)
• pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus, syn. Pennisetum glaucum)
• Polish millet (Digitaria sanguinalis)
• proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)
• red millet (Panicum miliaceum)
• sawa millet (Echinochloa frumentacea)
• shama millet Echinochloa colona)
• water millet
• white millet (Panicum miliaceum)

Translations

any of a group of various types of grass or its grains used as food

• Albanian: mel (sq) m
• Arabic: دَخْن m (daḵn)
• Archi: тӏукӏ (tʼukʼ)
• Armenian: կորեկ (hy) (korek)
• Aromanian: melj n, meljiu n
• Azerbaijani: darı (az)
• Bashkir: тары (tarı)
• Basque: artatxiki
• Belarusian: про́са n (prósa), пшано́ n (pšanó)
• Bulgarian: просо́ (bg) n (prosó)
• Burmese: ပြောင်း (my) (praung:)
• Catalan: mill (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 小米 (zh) (xiǎomǐ)

• Czech: proso (cs) n
• Dalmatian: mail m
• Danish: hirse (da)
• Daur: shijim, nariem (Setaria italica subsp. italica), pisgee
• Dutch: gierst (nl) m or f
• Eastern Mari: тар (tar)
• Erzya: суро (suro)
• Esperanto: milio (eo)
• Faroese: hirsi n
• Finnish: hirssi (fi)
• French: millet (fr) m, mil (fr) m
• Friulian: mei m
• Galician: millote m, paínzo (gl) m, millo miúdo m
• Georgian: ფეტვი (peṭvi)
• German: Hirse (de) f
• Greek: κεχρί (el) n (kechrí)

  Ancient: κέγχρος m (kénkhros), πάσπαλος m (páspalos)

• Hebrew: דֹּחַן (he) m
• Hindi: बाजरा (hi) m (bājrā)
• Hungarian: köles (hu)
• Icelandic: hirsi (is) n pl
• Ido: milieto (io)
• Irish: muiléad m
• Italian: miglio (it) m
• Japanese: 黍 (ja) (キビ, kibi)
• Javanese: ꦗꦸꦮꦮꦸꦠ꧀ (jv) (juwawut)
• Kazakh: тары (tary)
• Korean: 기장 (ko) (gijang)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: ھەرزن (herzin)

  Northern Kurdish: herzin m

  Southern Kurdish: ھەرزەن (herzen)

• Latin: milium n
• Laz: ფატი (paťi)
• Macedonian: просо n (proso)
• Manchu: ᠵᡝ (je)
• Maori: mirete
• Mingrelian: ფატი (paṭi)
• Mongolian: шар будаа (šar budaa)
• Norwegian: hirse m
• Occitan: melh
• Ossetian: йӕуу (jæwu)
• Ottoman Turkish: داری (darı)
• Persian: ارزن (fa) (arzan), الم (fa) (alom) (archaic)
• Piedmontese: mei m
• Plautdietsch: Hieezh f
• Polish: proso (pl) n
• Portuguese: milheto m, milhete (pt) m, painço (pt)
• Punjabi: ਬਾਜਰਾ m (bājrā)
• Quechua: mihu
• Romanian: mei (ro) m
• Russian: про́со (ru) n (próso), пшено́ (ru) n (pšenó)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: про̏со n

  Roman: prȍso (sh) n

• Slovak: proso n
• Slovene: prosó (sl) n
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: jagły pl, jaglicki pl, jałki pl, pšoso n

• Southern Altai: тараан (taraan), тару (taru)
• Spanish: mijo (es) m, panizo (es) m, millo (es) m, borona (es) f
• Svan: ფეტუ̂ (peṭû)
• Swahili: mtama (sw)
• Swedish: hirs (sv) c
• Tabasaran: дукӏ (duḳ)
• Tagalog: dawa
• Tamil: வரகு (ta) (varaku)
• Tausug: dawa
• Tibetan: ཁྲེ (khre)
• Tocharian B: lyekṣye, yap m
• Tofa: дараа
• Turkish: darı (tr), akdarı (tr)
• Ukrainian: про́со n (próso), пшоно́ n (pšonó)
• Urdu: باجرہ m (bājrā), باجرا m (bājrā)
• Venetan: méjo m
• Vietnamese: kê (vi)
• Walloon: milet (wa) m
• Welsh: miled m
• Yiddish: הירזש f (hirzh)

See also

• Appendix:Grains

Further reading

• millet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Category:Millet on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ملت (millet), from Arabic مِلَّة (milla).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɪlɛt/

Noun

millet (plural millets)

1. (historical) A semi-autonomous confessional community under the Ottoman Empire, especially a non-Muslim one. [from 19th c.]
   • 1880, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, page 963:

     The special duties of these millet organizations are to care for the educational and other moral wants of the people […]

   • 2007, Elizabeth Roberts, Realm of the Black Mountain, Hurst & Co, published 2007, page 14:

     […] in support for a common Serbian Orthodox Church, the one traditional institution permitted to exist under the Ottoman millet system which sought to rule subject peoples indirectly through their own religious hierarchies.

   • 2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 262:

     Christians and Jews as People of the Book […] were organized into separate communities, or millets, defined by their common practice of the same religion, which was guaranteed as protected as long as it was primarily practised in private.

Translations

community in the Ottoman Empire

• Arabic: ملَة f, مل (ar) m, مِلَّة (milla)
• Hindi: मिल्लत (hi) m (millat)
• Ottoman Turkish: ملت (millet)
• Persian: ملت (fa)
• Turkish: millet (tr), milletler (tr) pl

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مِلَّة (milla).

Noun

millet

1. nation

Derived terms

• milletçi (“nationalist”)
• milletçilik (“nationalism”)

 

French

Etymology

From mil +‎ -et; a diminutive of mil, from Latin milium, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mi.jɛ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

millet m (usually uncountable, plural millets)

1. millet (grain)

Further reading

• “millet”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ملت (millet), from Arabic مِلَّة (milla).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /milˈlet/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: mil‧let

Noun

millet (definite accusative milleti, plural milletler or milel)

1. nation

   Synonyms: ulus, el, halk

   Egemenlik kayıtsız şartsız milletindir!

   Sovereignty belongs unconditionally to the people!

   • 1972, Cemil Meriç, Yüz on bir yıl önce bir mayıs sabahı‎^[1]:

     Tagor için milletler yoktu, millet vardı. Acı çeken, dövüşen, düşüp kalkan, ve alın teriyle ıslanan çetin yolda durmadan ilerleyen millet: bütün insanların milleti.

     For Tagore, there were no nations, just a single nation. A nation that suffered, fought, fell and stood back up, and continued tirelessly on a difficult road wet with brow sweat: the nation of all humans.

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	millet
Definite accusative	milleti
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	millet	milletler
Definite accusative	milleti	milletleri
Dative	millete	milletlere
Locative	millette	milletlerde
Ablative	milletten	milletlerden
Genitive	milletin	milletlerin
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular milletim milletlerim 2nd singular milletin milletlerin 3rd singular milleti milletleri 1st plural milletimiz milletlerimiz 2nd plural milletiniz milletleriniz 3rd plural milletleri milletleri Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular milletimi milletlerimi 2nd singular milletini milletlerini 3rd singular milletini milletlerini 1st plural milletimizi milletlerimizi 2nd plural milletinizi milletlerinizi 3rd plural milletlerini milletlerini Dative Singular Plural 1st singular milletime milletlerime 2nd singular milletine milletlerine 3rd singular milletine milletlerine 1st plural milletimize milletlerimize 2nd plural milletinize milletlerinize 3rd plural milletlerine milletlerine Locative Singular Plural 1st singular milletimde milletlerimde 2nd singular milletinde milletlerinde 3rd singular milletinde milletlerinde 1st plural milletimizde milletlerimizde 2nd plural milletinizde milletlerinizde 3rd plural milletlerinde milletlerinde Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular milletimden milletlerimden 2nd singular milletinden milletlerinden 3rd singular milletinden milletlerinden 1st plural milletimizden milletlerimizden 2nd plural milletinizden milletlerinizden 3rd plural milletlerinden milletlerinden Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular milletimin milletlerimin 2nd singular milletinin milletlerinin 3rd singular milletinin milletlerinin 1st plural milletimizin milletlerimizin 2nd plural milletinizin milletlerinizin 3rd plural milletlerinin milletlerinin

Related terms

• milli
• milliyet
• milliyetçi
• milliyetçilik

References

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “millet”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• “millet”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu

Turkmen

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مِلَّة (milla).

Noun

millet (definite accusative milleti, plural milletler)

1. nation

Declension

Declension of millet

	singular	plural
nominative	millet	milletler
accusative	milleti	milletleri
genitive	milletiň	milletleriň
dative	millete	milletlere
locative	milletde	milletlerde
ablative	milletden	milletlerden

Derived terms

• milletçi (“nationalist”)
• milletçilik (“nationalism”)

 

Related terms

• milli (“national”)

Further reading

• “millet” in Enedilim.com
• “millet” in Webonary.org