Wiktionary

n-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "n"

Translingual

edit

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. (SI prefix) Abbreviation of nano-.

English

edit

Etymology

edit

Abbreviation of normal.

Pronunciation

edit

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. (organic chemistry) normal-form of a functional group (or molecule), being the long-chain form (unbranched chain)

Coordinate terms

edit
  • s- (secondary form)
  • t- (tertiary form)

Derived terms

edit
English terms prefixed with n-

Translations

edit
Translations

See also

edit

Abenaki

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Related to nia (“I, me”).

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. (prefixed to nouns, used before consonants) my
  2. (prefixed to verbs, used before consonants) I
  3. (prefixed to verbs, used before consonants) I (exclusive we)

Coordinate terms

edit
  • nd- (used before vowels)

Albanian

edit

Alternative forms

edit
  • ën- — Buzuku
  • m- — before labials

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).[1][2]

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. intensive prefix. on, to, at

Derived terms

edit
Albanian terms prefixed with n-

References

edit
  1. ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 168

Aromanian

edit

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. Alternative form of ãn-

Big Nambas

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Oceanic *na.

Article

edit

n-

  1. The noun article. Added to nouns and verb stems to affirm nominal use. Has an element of definiteness. Also used in derivation.

Usage notes

edit

This form used before vowels. Before consonants, the form na- is used.

References

edit

Dutch

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle Dutch ne, en, from Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne.

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. Used to negate the pronoun or adverb which follows it, yielding the same part of speech

Derived terms

edit
Dutch terms prefixed with n-

Egyptian

edit

Prefix

edit
n
  1. forms intransitive or reflexive verbs from existing verbs

Derived terms

edit
Egyptian terms prefixed with n-

Prefix

edit
n
  1. Alternative form of m- (noun-forming prefix) before labial consonants

References

edit
  • Satzinger, Helmut (2017) “A Lexicon of Egyptian Lexical Roots (Project)” in Quaderni di Vicino Oriente, volume 12, pages 213–223

Emilian

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

n- (adverbial)

  1. (before a vowel) Alternative form of in
    A-g n-ò dimándi. ― I have a lot (of them).

French

edit

Etymology

edit

Abbreviation of normale.

Pronunciation

edit

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. (organic chemistry) n-; (normal-form)

Derived terms

edit
French terms prefixed with n-

Kamba

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. I (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)

Maltese

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Arabic نَ (na, first-person plural imperfect prefix). The use also for the first-person singular is found in Maghrebi Arabic dialects.

Alternative forms

edit

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. First-person prefix in the imperfect conjugation
    ‎n- + ‎kiteb (“he wrote”) → ‎nikteb (“I write”)

Etymology 2

edit

Article

edit

n-

  1. Alternative form of il-
Usage notes
edit
  • Used after a vowel and before the letter n. For details on usage, see the main lemma.

Neapolitan

edit

Alternative forms

edit
  • m-, l- (from assimilation to following consonants)

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Latin in-.

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. in

Derived terms

edit
Neapolitan terms prefixed with n-

Ojibwe

edit

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. Alternative form of ni-

Usage notes

edit

n- appears before stems that begin with the vowels oo and ii.

See also

edit
Ojibwe personal prefixes
stem begins with... 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
Consonants p t k h ch m n s sh w y ni- gi- o-
d g ' j z zh nin-
b nim-
Vowels o nindo- gido- odo-
a aa e i nind- gid- od-
oo n- g-
ii w-

Old Irish

edit

Prefix

edit

n- (class A infixed pronoun)

  1. us

Derived terms

edit
Old Irish terms prefixed with n-

See also

edit
Old Irish affixed pronouns

See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.

Person Infixed Suffixed
Class A Class B Class C
1 sing. m-L dom-L, dam-L -um
2 sing. t-L dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L -ut
3 sing. m. a-N, e-N d-N id-N, did-N, d-N -i, -it
3 sing. f. s-(N) da- -us
3 sing. n. a-L, e-L d-L id-L, did-L, d-L -i, -it
1 pl. n- don-, dun-, dan- -unn
2 pl. b- dob-, dub-, dab- -uib
3 pl. s-(N) da- -us
L means this form triggers lenition.
N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis)
(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.

Prefix

edit

n- (class B & C infixed pronoun)

  1. Alternative form of d-

Swahili

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Proto-Bantu *ǹ-.

Alternative forms

edit
  • (before a vowel) ny-
  • (before labial consonants) m-

Prefix

edit

n- (plural n-)

  1. n class(IX/X) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting animals and miscellaneous nouns as well as their plurals, and plurals of some u class(XI) nouns
    nguo nzuri ― a nice piece of cloth/nice clothes
    ‎ulimi (“tongue”) → ‎ndimi (“tongues”)
Usage notes
edit

Foreign borrowings that cannot fit other classes morphologically usually behave as n class(IX), but do not take this prefix.

Except for nouns where the stem is of one syllable, n can only be followed by g, d, j, y, and z in Swahili. As a result of this, when the stem starts with a vowel, n- changes to ny-, when it starts with a b or v it changes to m-, and *nw-, *nl-, and *nr- becomes mb-, nd-, and nd- respectively. In front of any stems where these rules cannot be applied, it disappears.

See also
edit

Etymology 2

edit

From Proto-Bantu *ǹ-.

Alternative forms

edit

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. Alternative form of ni-.
    • 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 5:
      "Na kwa nini n'sirejee," aliuliza mzee.
      "And why wouldn't I go back [to it]?" the old man asked.
    • 2022, Timothy Theodosy Chelula, Instagram‎[2]:
      Kuna siku nlikua na drive huu wimbo ukaenda hewani nkajikuta natokwa machozi 🥲na nsijue wanachoimba .
      One day I was driving, this song went on air, and I found myself in tears 🥲 and I didn't know what they were singing.
See also
edit
Swahili personal pronouns (m-wa class(I/II))
Number Person Independent Subject concord Object concord Combined forms Possessive
affirmative negative na ndi- si-
Singular First mimi ni- si- -ni- nami, na mimi ndimi, ndiye simi, siye -angu
Second wewe u- hu- -ku- nawe, na wewe ndiwe, ndiye siwe, siye -ako
Third yeye a-, yu- ha-, hayu- -m-, -mw-, -mu- naye, na yeye ndiye siye -ake
Plural First sisi tu- hatu- -tu- nasi, na sisi ndisi, ndio sio -etu
Second ninyi m-, mw-, mu- ham-, hamw-, hamu- -wa- nanyi, na ninyi ndinyi, ndio sinyi, sio -enu
Third wao wa- hawa- -wa- nao ndio sio -ao
Reflexive — — -ji- — —
For a full table including other classes, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Tooro

edit

Alternative forms

edit
  • (before /β/, /m/, /h/ or /p/) m-
  • (before a vowel) ny-

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Bantu *ǹ-.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /n̩-/, (after /ɡ/ or /k/) [ŋ̩-], (after a vowel) /n-/

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. I, 1st person singular subject concord
    ‎n- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎nkora (“I do”)
  2. positive imperative form of -n- (“me; 1st person singular object concord”)
    ‎n- + ‎-ha (“to give”) → ‎mpa (“give me”)

See also

edit
Tooro personal pronouns
Class Person Independent Possessive Subject concord Object concord Combined forms
na ni
Class 1 First nyowe, nye -ange n- -n- nanyowe, nanye ninyowe, ninye
Second iwe -awe o- -ku- naiwe niiwe
Third uwe -e a- -mu- nawe nuwe
Class 2 First itwe -aitu tu- -tu- naitwe niitwe
Second inywe -anyu mu- -ba- nainywe niinywe
Third abo -abo ba- -ba- nabo nubo
Class 3 gwo -agwo gu- -gu- nagwo nugwo
Class 4 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
Class 5 lyo -alyo li- -li- nalyo niryo
Class 6 go -ago ga- -ga- nago nugo
Class 7 kyo -akyo ki- -ki- nakyo nikyo
Class 8 byo -abyo bi- -bi- nabyo nibyo
Class 9 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
Class 10 zo -azo zi- -zi- nazo nizo
Class 11 rwo -arwo ru- -ru- narwo nurwo
Class 12 ko -ako ka- -ka- nako nuko
Class 13 two -atwo tu- -tu- natwo nutwo
Class 14 bwo -abwo bu- -bu- nabwo nubwo
Class 15 kwo -akwo ku- -ku- nakwo nukwo
Class 16 ho -aho ha- -ha- naho nuho
Class 17 (kwo) N/A ha-
(...-yo) 		-ha- N/A nukwo
Class 18 (mwo) -amwo ha-
(...-mu) 		-ha- N/A numwo
Reflexive -enyini, -onyini — -e- —

References

edit
  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[3], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 413

Ye'kwana

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Cognate to prefixes analyzed as object nominalizers, switching nominalized forms from nouns of action to nouns referring to the patient argument. The Caura River form has a rather different scope of use.

Pronunciation

edit

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. Marks that (person markers on) a derivation from a transitive verb refer to the agent argument of the verb rather than the patient argument; used with verbs adverbialized with -e or nominalized with -dü or -'jüdü.
Usage notes
edit

This prefix comes between the person marker and the verb stem.

Etymology 2

edit

Alternative forms

edit
  • ni- (allomorph before a consonant)

Pronunciation

edit

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. Marks a nonderived transitive verb as having a third-person agent/subject and patient/object.
  2. Marks a nonderived intransitive verb with agent-like or patient-like argument as having a third-person argument/subject.
Usage notes
edit

The form n- is used with stems that start with a vowel; ni- is used with those that start with a consonant, in which case the initial consonant is also palatalized.

This person marker is used with all types of verbs when marked with originally nonderived tense/aspect/mood markers, excepting only the admonitive -'no and prohibitive -i negative command suffixes and the uncertain future marker -tai, which require the transcategorical third person marker y-, and the distant past markers, which require the distance-specific person morpheme kün-.

Though in all other circumstances Ye'kwana third-person prefixes also cover the first person dual exclusive, this prefix is not used when the patient of a transitive verb is first-person-dual-exclusive.

Inflection
edit
Ye'kwana personal markers
pronoun noun possessor/
series II verb argument 		postposition object series I verb argument
transitive patient intransitive patient-like intransitive agent-like transitive agent
first person ewü y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive küwü k-, kü-, ku-, ki- k-, kii-, ki-1
second person amödö ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive nña y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 chö- ∅- n-, ni-
third person tüwü n-, ni-
distant past third person — kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive — t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- —
reciprocal — — öö-
  1. With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.
series I verb argument:
transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person see person X in the chart above

References

edit
  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “n-”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎[4], Lyon, pages 152, 182–184, 190–191, 200, 202–203

Zulu

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Bantu *n-.

Prefix

edit

n-

  1. Class 9 simple noun prefix.

Usage notes

edit

The variant form m- is used before stems beginning with a labial consonant (b, f, m, p, v).

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=n-&oldid=82753461"
  NODES
Note 16
Project 1