neuron

See also: Neuron

English

Neurons

Alternative forms

• neurone

Etymology

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “nerve”), doublet of nerve and sinew. By surface analysis, neuro- +‎ -on.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/, /ˈn(j)uɹɑn/, /ˈn(j)ɝɑn/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈnjʊəɹɒn/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈnjəɹɑn/
• Rhymes: -ʊəɹɒn, -uːɹɒn, -ɜːɹɒn

Noun

neuron (plural neurons or neura)

1. (cytology) A cell of the nervous system, which conducts nerve impulses; consisting of an axon and several dendrites. Neurons are connected by synapses.

   Synonyms: neurocyte, nerve cell

   • 2013 August 3, “The machine of a new soul”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     The yawning gap in neuroscientists’ understanding of their topic is in the intermediate scale of the brain’s anatomy. Science has a passable knowledge of how individual nerve cells, known as neurons, work. It also knows which visible lobes and ganglia of the brain do what. But how the neurons are organised in these lobes and ganglia remains obscure.

2. (zoology) A nervure of an insect's wing.
3. (artificial intelligence) an artificial neuron (mathematical function serving as an essential unit of an artificial neural network)

Derived terms

• antimirror neuron
• input neuron
• interneuron
• Jennifer Aniston neuron
• medium spiny neuron
• mirror neuron
• motor neuron
• motor neuron disease
• neuronal
• neuronally
• neuronic
• Purkinje neuron
• pyramidal neuron
• rosehip neuron
• sensory neuron
• spindle neuron
• von Economo neuron

 

Related terms

• neural
• neuralgia
• neuritis
• neurology
• neuroscience
• neurosis

 

Translations

a cell of the nervous system

• Arabic: عَصْبُون m (ʕaṣbūn), خَلِيَّة عَصَبِيَّة f (ḵaliyya ʕaṣabiyya)
• Armenian: նեյրոն (hy) (neyron)
• Azerbaijani: sinir hüceyrəsi
• Catalan: neurona (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 神經細胞／神经细胞 (san⁴ ging¹ sai³ baau¹)

  Hokkien: 神經細胞／神经细胞 (sîn-keng sè-pau, sîn-keng sòe-pau)

  Mandarin: 神經細胞／神经细胞 (zh) (shénjīng xìbāo), 神經元／神经元 (zh) (shénjīngyuán)

• Czech: neuron (cs) m
• Danish: nervecelle c, neuron c
• Dutch: neuron (nl), zenuwcel (nl)
• Esperanto: neŭrono (eo)
• Finnish: neuroni (fi), hermosolu (fi)
• French: neurone (fr) m, cellule nerveuse f
• Georgian: ნეირონი (neironi)
• German: Neuron (de) n, Nervenzelle (de) f
• Greek: νευρώνας (el) m (nevrónas)
• Hungarian: idegsejt (hu), neuron (hu)
• Icelandic: taugafrumu
• Ido: neurono (io)
• Indonesian: neuron (id)
• Italian: neurocito m
• Japanese: 神経細胞 (ja) (しんけいさいぼう, shinkei saibō)
• Kazakh: нейрон (neiron), жүйке жасушасы (jüike jasuşasy)
• Khmer: ណឺរ៉ូន (nəɨroun)
• Korean: 신경 세포(神經細胞) (sin'gyeong sepo)
• Latin: neuron n, neuronum n, neurocytus m
• Malayalam: നാഡീകോശം (nāḍīkōśaṁ)
• Manx: neayr-chillag f
• Maori: pūtau io
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: nevron n

  Nynorsk: nevron n

• Polish: neuron (pl) m, komórka nerwowa f
• Portuguese:

  Brazilian: neurônio (pt) m

  European: neurónio (pt) m

• Romanian: neuron (ro) m
• Russian: нейро́н (ru) m (nejrón), не́рвная кле́тка f (nérvnaja klétka)
• Spanish: neurona (es) f
• Swahili: nyuroni
• Swedish: neuron (sv) c, nervcell (sv) c
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: nöron (tr), sinir hücresi (tr)
• Vietnamese: tế bào thần kinh (細胞神經)

See also

• neura
• neurode
• neuron on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Further reading

• “neuron”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “neuron”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• “neuron”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Czech

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “nerve”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnɛu̯ron]

Noun

neuron m inan

1. (cytology) neuron

   Synonym: nervová buňka

Declension

Declension of neuron (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	neuron	neurony
genitive	neuronu	neuronů
dative	neuronu	neuronům
accusative	neuron	neurony
vocative	neurone	neurony
locative	neuronu	neuronech
instrumental	neuronem	neurony

Further reading

• “neuron”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “neuron”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Noun

neuron c (singular definite neuronen, plural indefinite neuroner)

1. (cytology) neuron

Declension

Declension of neuron

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	neuron	neuronen	neuroner	neuronerne
genitive	neurons	neuronens	neuroners	neuronernes

Synonyms

• nervecelle

References

• “neuron” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

neuron n (plural neuronen or neurons)

1. neuron

Polish

neuron

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron). Doublet of nerw.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɛw.rɔn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛwrɔn
• Syllabification: neu‧ron

Noun

neuron m inan (related adjective neuronowy or neuronalny)

1. (cytology, neuroanatomy) neuron (cell of the nervous system, which conducts nerve impulses; consisting of an axon and several dendrites)

   Synonym: komórka nerwowa

Declension

Declension of neuron

	singular	plural
nominative	neuron	neurony
genitive	neuronu	neuronów
dative	neuronowi	neuronom
accusative	neuron	neurony
instrumental	neuronem	neuronami
locative	neuronie	neuronach
vocative	neuronie	neurony

Further reading

• neuron in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• neuron in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• neuron in PWN's encyclopedia

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French neurone.

Noun

neuron m (plural neuroni)

1. neuron

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	neuron	neuronul		neuroni	neuronii
genitive-dative	neuron	neuronului		neuroni	neuronilor
vocative	neuronule			neuronilor

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /neǔroːn/
• Hyphenation: ne‧u‧ron

Noun

neùrōn m (Cyrillic spelling неу̀ро̄н)

1. neuron

Declension

Declension of neuron

	singular	plural
nominative	neùrōn	neuroni
genitive	neuróna	neurona
dative	neuronu	neuronima
accusative	neuron	neurone
vocative	neurone	neuroni
locative	neuronu	neuronima
instrumental	neuronom	neuronima

Swedish

Noun

neuron c or n

1. (cytology) a neuron

   Synonym: nervcell

Usage notes

Common gender is much more common.

Declension

Declension of neuron

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	neuron	neurons
	definite	neuronen	neuronens
plural	indefinite	neuroner	neuroners
	definite	neuronerna	neuronernas

Declension of neuron

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	neuron	neurons
	definite	neuronet	neuronets
plural	indefinite	neuron	neurons
	definite	neuronen	neuronens

References

• neuron in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• neuron in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• neuron in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• Svensk MeSH