Wiktionary

normal

See also: Normal and normál

English

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 normal on Wikipedia
 Normal number on Wikipedia

Etymology

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From Latin normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square; later: according to a rule”), from nōrma (“carpenter's square”), of uncertain origin;[1][2][3][4] doublet of normale. The earliest meaning of the word in English was "perpendicular; forming a right angle" like something normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square”),[1][5] but by Late Latin normālis had also come to mean "according to a rule", from which modern English senses of the word derive:[5] in the 1800s, as people began to quantitatively study things like height, weight and blood pressure, the usual or most common values came to be called "normal", and by extension values regarded as healthy or desirable came to be called "normal" regardless of their usuality.[6]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal (comparative normaler or more normal, superlative normalest or most normal)

  1. According to norms or rules or to a regular pattern.
    Organize the data into third normal form.
    • 2007, Steven Wilson, "Normal", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.
      Prescription drugs, they help me through the day
      And that restraining order keeps me well at bay
      And what's normal now, anyway?
    • 2014, Michael Rush, Politics & Society, Routledge, →ISBN, page 210:
      In other words, although the legal processes were observed, it was not a normal transfer of power within each of the ruling communist parties. […] Demonstrations of the sort that brought about the collapse of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe were not normal, and where attempts had previously been made to hold them, they were invariably suppressed by force.
    1. (mathematics) Adhering to or being what is considered natural or regular in a particular field or context:
      1. (number theory, of a real number) In whose representation in a given base b ≥ 2, for every positive integer n, the bn possible strings of n digits follow a uniform distribution.
        A number whose individual digits in a given base representation follow a uniform distribution is said to be simply normal.
        A number that is normal for every base b ≥ 2 is said to be absolutely normal.
      2. (algebra, of a subgroup) With cosets which form a group.
      3. (algebra, of a field extension of a field K) Which is the splitting field of a family of polynomials in K.
      4. (probability theory, statistics, of a distribution) Which has a very specific bell curve shape; that is or has the qualities of a normal distribution.
      5. (probability theory, statistics, of a random variable, etc.) Which has a normal distribution; which is associated with a random variable that has a normal distribution.
      6. (complex analysis, of a family of continuous functions) Which is pre-compact.
      7. (set theory, of a function from the ordinals to the ordinals) Which is strictly monotonically increasing and continuous with respect to the order topology.
      8. (linear algebra, of a matrix) Which commutes with its conjugate transpose.
      9. (functional analysis, of a Hilbert space operator) Which commutes with its adjoint.
      10. (category theory) Being (as a morphism) or containing (as a category) only normal epimorphism(s) or monomorphism(s), that is, those which are the kernel or cokernel of some morphism, respectively.
      11. (topology, of a topology or topological space) In which disjoint closed sets can be separated by disjoint neighborhoods.
      12. (commutative algebra, of a domain) Integrally closed: equal its own integral closure in its field of fractions.
      13. (commutative algebra, of a ring) Such that all of its localizations at prime ideals are integrally closed domains.
      14. (algebraic geometry, of a variety or scheme) Such that the local ring at every point is an integrally closed domain.
  2. Usual, healthy; not sick or ill or unlike oneself.
    John is feeling normal again.
    1. (fandom slang, sarcastic, with “about”) Fervently interested in a subject; obsessed.
      I wrote a 30-page analysis of the show’s villain because I’m very normal about them.
  3. (education, of a school) Teaching teachers how to teach; teaching teachers the norms of education.
    My grandmother attended Mankato State Normal School; my grandfather attended Illinois State Normal University.
    • 1928, Western Montana College, Western Montana College of Education, Catalogue of the Montana State Normal College, page 10:
      PURPOSE AND SCOPE[:] The State Normal College prepares teachers for the public schools of Montana. It accomplishes its work through professional courses, directed observation of expert teaching, and  […]
  4. (chemistry) Of, relating to, or being a solution containing one equivalent weight of solute per litre of solution.
  5. (organic chemistry) Describing a straight chain isomer of an aliphatic hydrocarbon, or an aliphatic compound in which a substituent is in the 1- position of such a hydrocarbon.
  6. (physics, of a mode in an oscillating system) In which all parts of an object vibrate at the same frequency (a normal mode).
  7. (rail transport, of points) In the default position, set for the most frequently used route.
  9. (geometry) Perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or tangent plane of a surface.
    The interior normal vector of a perfect sphere always point toward the center, and the exterior normal vector directly away, and both are always collinear with the ray whose tip ends at the point of intersection, which is the intersection of all three sets of points.

Usage notes

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  • When used to describe a group of people, normal can be understood as meaning that those not part of the group are strange or freakish. Its usage can therefore be understood as offensive to those it excludes.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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Noun

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normal (countable and uncountable, plural normals)

  2. (geometry, countable) A line or vector that is perpendicular to another line, surface, or plane.
  3. (medicine, countable) A person who is healthy, normal, as opposed to one who is morbid.
    • 2014, Ahmet Celik, Edibe Saricicek, Vahap Saricicek, Elif Sahin, Gokhan Ozdemir, Metin Kilinc, Ayten Oguz, Relation between the new anthropometric obesity parameters and inflammatory markers in healthy adult men‎[1], SCIRJ:
      Subjects were grouped as Group 1 and Group 2 according to VAI, and normals, overweights and obeses according to BMI.
  4. (slang, countable) A person who is normal, who fits into mainstream society, as opposed to those who live alternative lifestyles.
  5. (countable, uncountable) The usual state.
    His workload is now back to normal.
    Heavy workload is the new normal.
    • 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1965, →OCLC, page 269:
      Still, there was a hitch somewhere in the gathering that threw it out of normal.

Synonyms

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Translations

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “normal”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
  2. ^ “normal”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
  3. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “normal”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  4. ^ “normal”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 The Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories (1991, →ISBN), age 321
  6. ^ Brent Davis, Dennis Sumara, Complexity and Education (2014, →ISBN)

Anagrams

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Asturian

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Adjective

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normal (epicene, plural normales)

  1. normal

Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French normal.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal m or f (masculine and feminine plural normals)

  1. normal
    Antonym: anormal

Derived terms

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Further reading

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French

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin nōrmālis. By surface analysis, norme +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal (feminine normale, masculine plural normaux, feminine plural normales)

  1. normal (according to norms, usual)
  2. (relational) normal (relating to a school to teach teachers how to teach)
  3. okay, alright
    Antonym: anormal

Derived terms

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Further reading

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German

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /nɔrˈmaːl/, [nɔʁˈmaːl], [nɔɐ̯-], [nɔ-], [no-]
  • Rhymes: -aːl
  • Audio:(file)

Adjective

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normal (strong nominative masculine singular normaler, comparative normaler, superlative am normalsten)

  1. ordinary, normal
    völlig normal. ― completely normal.

Declension

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Positive forms of normal
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist normal sie ist normal es ist normal sie sind normal
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative normaler normale normales normale
genitive normalen normaler normalen normaler
dative normalem normaler normalem normalen
accusative normalen normale normales normale
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der normale die normale das normale die normalen
genitive des normalen der normalen des normalen der normalen
dative dem normalen der normalen dem normalen den normalen
accusative den normalen die normale das normale die normalen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein normaler eine normale ein normales (keine) normalen
genitive eines normalen einer normalen eines normalen (keiner) normalen
dative einem normalen einer normalen einem normalen (keinen) normalen
accusative einen normalen eine normale ein normales (keine) normalen
Comparative forms of normal
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist normaler sie ist normaler es ist normaler sie sind normaler
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative normalerer normalere normaleres normalere
genitive normaleren normalerer normaleren normalerer
dative normalerem normalerer normalerem normaleren
accusative normaleren normalere normaleres normalere
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der normalere die normalere das normalere die normaleren
genitive des normaleren der normaleren des normaleren der normaleren
dative dem normaleren der normaleren dem normaleren den normaleren
accusative den normaleren die normalere das normalere die normaleren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein normalerer eine normalere ein normaleres (keine) normaleren
genitive eines normaleren einer normaleren eines normaleren (keiner) normaleren
dative einem normaleren einer normaleren einem normaleren (keinen) normaleren
accusative einen normaleren eine normalere ein normaleres (keine) normaleren
Superlative forms of normal
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist am normalsten sie ist am normalsten es ist am normalsten sie sind am normalsten
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative normalster normalste normalstes normalste
genitive normalsten normalster normalsten normalster
dative normalstem normalster normalstem normalsten
accusative normalsten normalste normalstes normalste
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der normalste die normalste das normalste die normalsten
genitive des normalsten der normalsten des normalsten der normalsten
dative dem normalsten der normalsten dem normalsten den normalsten
accusative den normalsten die normalste das normalste die normalsten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein normalster eine normalste ein normalstes (keine) normalsten
genitive eines normalsten einer normalsten eines normalsten (keiner) normalsten
dative einem normalsten einer normalsten einem normalsten (keinen) normalsten
accusative einen normalsten eine normalste ein normalstes (keine) normalsten

Derived terms

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Adverb

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normal

  1. (standard) ordinarily, normally, in a normal fashion
    Er hat sich ganz normal benommen.
    He behaved quite normally.
  2. (colloquial) Alternative form of normalerweise: usually, normally, in general
    Normal geh ich früh ins Bett.
    I normally go to bed early.

Interjection

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normal

  1. (colloquial) sure, of course, obviously; usually implies that something is trivial
    Du hast mit zwölf schon geraucht? ― Normal.
    You already smoked at twelve? ― Sure.

Further reading

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  • “normal” in Duden online
  • “normal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Hunsrik

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal

  1. normal

Declension

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Declension of normal (see also Appendix:Hunsrik adjectives)
masculine feminine neuter plural
Weak inflection nominative normal normal normal normale
accusative normale normal normal normale
dative normale normale normale normale
Strong inflection nominative normaler normale normales normale
accusative normale normale normales normale
dative normalem normaler normalem normale

Further reading

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Indonesian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Dutch normaal, ultimately derived from Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈnɔr.mal/
  • Rhymes: -mal
  • Hyphenation: nor‧mal

Adjective

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normal (comparative lebih normal, superlative paling normal or ternormal, equative senormal)

  1. normal
    1. according to norms or rules or to a regular pattern
    2. (usually of mental health) usual, healthy; not sick or ill

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Interlingua

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Adjective

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normal (comparative plus normal, superlative le plus normal)

  1. normal
    Antonym: anormal

Irish

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Etymology

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Borrowing from English normal.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈn̪ˠɔɾˠ(ə)mˠəlˠ/

Noun

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normal m (genitive singular normail, nominative plural normail)

  1. (geometry, statistics, chemistry) normal

Declension

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Declension of normal (first declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative normal normail
vocative a normail a normala
genitive normail normal
dative normal normail
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an normal na normail
genitive an normail na normal
dative leis an normal
don normal 		leis na normail

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Ladin

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Adjective

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normal m (feminine singular normala, masculine plural normai, feminine plural normales)

  1. normal

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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From Latin normālis.

Adjective

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normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

  1. normal, ordinary
    Antonym: unormal

Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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From Latin normālis.

Adjective

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normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

  1. normal, ordinary
    Antonym: unormal

Derived terms

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References

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Portuguese

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin normālis. By surface analysis, norma +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal m or f (plural normais)

  1. normal, standard, regular
  2. (geometry) normal (perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or derivative of a surface)

Derived terms

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French normal, from Latin normālis. By surface analysis, normă +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal m or n (feminine singular normală, masculine plural normali, feminine and neuter plural normale)

  1. normal
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Adverb

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normal

  1. normally
  2. of course, obviously
    Synonyms: evident, logic
    Normal că mi-e foame.
    Of course I'm hungry.

Spanish

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Etymology

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From Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal m or f (masculine and feminine plural normales)

  1. normal, standard, regular, fine
    Synonyms: regular, común
    Antonyms: anormal, raro, poco común
    A mi me parece normal.
    It seems fine to me.
  2. (geometry) perpendicular
    Synonym: perpendicular
    Antonyms: oblicuo, paralelo

Derived terms

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Noun

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normal f (plural normales)

  1. (education) a school for becoming a teacher

Further reading

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Swedish

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Etymology

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From Latin nōrmālis, from nōrma + -ālis, equivalent to norm +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal (comparative normalare, superlative normalast)

  1. normal
    Antonyms: abnorm, onaturlig, onormal, sjuklig

Declension

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Inflection of normal
Indefinite positive comparative superlative1
common singular normal normalare normalast
neuter singular normalt normalare normalast
plural normala normalare normalast
masculine plural2 normale normalare normalast
Definite positive comparative superlative
masculine singular3 normale normalare normalaste
all normala normalare normalaste

1 The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
2 Dated or archaic.
3 Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

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Noun

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normal c

  1. (geometry) a normal (a line which is perpendicular to another line or to a surface)
    Antonym: tangent

Declension

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Declension of normal
nominative genitive
singular indefinite normal normals
definite normalen normalens
plural indefinite normaler normalers
definite normalerna normalernas

References

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Tagalog

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Etymology

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Each pronunciation has a different source:

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normál or normal (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎ᜔)

  1. normal
    Synonyms: karaniwan, regular
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Further reading

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  • “normal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Turkish

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Etymology

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From French normal, from Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal

  1. normal
  2. regular
  3. usual

Declension

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predicative forms of normal
present tense
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (I am) normalim normal miyim? normal değilim normal değil miyim?
sen (you are) normalsin normal misin? normal değilsin normal değil misin?
o (he/she/it is) normal / normaldir normal mi? normal değil normal değil mi?
biz (we are) normaliz normal miyiz? normal değiliz normal değil miyiz?
siz (you are) normalsiniz normal misiniz? normal değilsiniz normal değil misiniz?
onlar (they are) normal(ler) normal(ler) mi? normal değil(ler) normal değiller mi?
past tense
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (I was) normaldim normal miydim? normal değildim normal değil miydim?
sen (you were) normaldin normal miydin? normal değildin normal değil miydin?
o (he/she/it was) normaldi normal miydi? normal değildi normal değil miydi?
biz (we were) normaldik normal miydik? normal değildik normal değil miydik?
siz (you were) normaldiniz normal miydiniz? normal değildiniz normal değil miydiniz?
onlar (they were) normaldiler normal miydiler? normal değildi(ler) / değillerdi normal değil miydiler?
indirect past
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (I was) normalmişim normal miymişim? normal değilmişim normal değil miymişim?
sen (you were) normalmişsin normal miymişsin? normal değilmişsin normal değil miymişsin?
o (he/she/it was) normalmiş normal miymiş? normal değilmiş normal değil miymiş?
biz (we were) normalmişiz normal miymişiz? normal değilmişiz normal değil miymişiz?
siz (you were) normalmişsiniz normal miymişsiniz? normal değilmişsiniz normal değil miymişsiniz?
onlar (they were) normalmişler normal miymişler? normal değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş normal değil miymişler?
conditional
positive,
declarative 		positive,
interrogative 		negative,
declarative 		negative,
interrogative
ben (if I) normalsem normal miysem? normal değilsem normal değil miysem?
sen (if you) normalsen normal miysen? normal değilsen normal değil miysen?
o (if he/she/it) normalse normal miyse? normal değilse normal değil miyse?
biz (if we) normalsek normal miysek? normal değilsek normal değil miysek?
siz (if you) normalseniz normal miyseniz? normal değilseniz normal değil miyseniz?
onlar (if they) normalseler normal miyseler? normal değilseler / değillerse normal değil miyseler?

Noun

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normal (definite accusative normali, uncountable)

  1. normal (usual state)
  2. standard

Declension

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Inflection
Nominative normal
Definite accusative normali
Singular Plural
Nominative normal —
Definite accusative normali —
Dative normale —
Locative normalde —
Ablative normalden —
Genitive normalin —

Derived terms

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Welsh

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Noun

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normal m (plural normalau, not mutable)

  1. (geometry) normal

References

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “normal”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=normal&oldid=82790157"
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