Wiktionary

pagan

See also: Pagan, pag- -an, Pagán, págán, and păgân

English

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Etymology

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From Middle English pagan (adjective and noun), from Latin pāgānus (“rural, rustic", later "civilian”), replaced Middle English payen from the same root. The meaning "not Christian" arose in Vulgar Latin, probably from the 4th century.[1] It is unclear whether this usage is derived primarily from the "rustic" or from the "civilian" meaning, which in Roman army jargon meant 'clumsy'. As a self-designation of neopagans, attested since 1990.

Partly displaced native heathen, from Old English hǣþen.

Pronunciation

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  • enPR: pā'gən, IPA(key): /ˈpeɪɡən/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -eɪɡən

Adjective

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pagan (not comparable)

  1. Relating to, characteristic of religions that differ from main world religions.
    Under Christianization, many converted societies transformed their pagan deities into saints.
  2. (by extension, derogatory) Savage, immoral, uncivilized, wild.

Usage notes

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  • When referring to modern paganism, the term is now often capitalized, like other terms referring to religions.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “religion”):

Hyponyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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pagan (plural pagans)

  1. A person not adhering to a main world religion; a follower of a pantheistic or nature-worshipping religion.
    This community has a surprising number of pagans.
  2. (by extension, derogatory) An uncivilized or unsocialized person.
  3. (by extension, derogatory) An unruly, badly educated child.
  4. An outlaw biker who is a member of the Pagans MC.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Augustine, Divers. Quaest. 83.

Anagrams

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Asturian

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Verb

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pagan

  1. third-person plural present subjunctive of pagar

Cebuano

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Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: pa‧gan

Verb

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pagan

  1. to embroil; to draw into a situation; to cause to be involved
  2. to implicate; to connect or involve in an unfavorable or criminal way with something
  3. to fall victim to a friendly fire
  4. (military) to fall victim as collateral damage
  5. to be hit by a stray bullet
  6. to get caught in a crossfire
  7. (games, of marbles) to hit the adjacent marble with the _target marble

Quotations

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For quotations using this term, see Citations:pagan.

Estonian

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Etymology

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Ultimately from Latin paganus, through either Old East Slavic поганъ (poganŭ) or directly from Latin, through the German crusaders. Cognate to Finnish pakana.

Noun

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pagan (genitive pagana, partitive paganat)

  1. pagan, heathen
  2. a devil, an evil spirit

Declension

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Declension of pagan (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative pagan paganad
accusative nom.
gen. pagana
genitive paganate
partitive paganat paganaid
illative paganasse paganatesse
paganaisse
inessive paganas paganates
paganais
elative paganast paganatest
paganaist
allative paganale paganatele
paganaile
adessive paganal paganatel
paganail
ablative paganalt paganatelt
paganailt
translative paganaks paganateks
paganaiks
terminative paganani paganateni
essive paganana paganatena
abessive paganata paganateta
comitative paganaga paganatega

Derived terms

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Interjection

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pagan

  1. damn, darn, heck

Galician

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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pagan

  1. third-person plural present indicative of pagar

Livvi

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Etymology

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From Old Church Slavonic поганъ (poganŭ). Related to Finnish pakana (“pagan”) and Ingrian pakana.

Noun

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pagan (genitive paganan, partitive [please provide])

  1. pagan, heathen
  2. sage, seer

Adjective

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pagan (genitive paganan, partitive [please provide])

  1. dirty, unclean

References

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  • Pertti Virtaranta, Raija Koponen (2009) “pakana”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja‎[1], Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN

Old High German

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Verb

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pāgan

  1. (Bavaria) Alternative form of bāgan

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈpaɡan/ [ˈpa.ɣ̞ãn]
  • Rhymes: -aɡan
  • Syllabification: pa‧gan
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

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pagan

  1. third-person plural present indicative of pagar

Volapük

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Etymology

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From pag (“paganism”) +‎ -an.

Noun

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pagan (nominative plural pagans)

  1. (Volapük Nulik) pagan, gentile

Declension

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declension of pagan
singular plural
nominative pagan pagans
genitive pagana paganas
dative pagane paganes
accusative pagani paganis
vocative 1 o pagan! o pagans!
predicative 2 paganu paganus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Welsh

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin pagan.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pagan m

  1. pagan

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutated forms of pagan
radical soft nasal aspirate
pagan bagan mhagan phagan

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pagan”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=pagan&oldid=82869075"
  NODES
COMMUNITY 1
Note 4
Verify 4