paksu

See also: pākšu

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paksu, borrowed from Indo-Iranian; compare Sanskrit बहु (bahu, “much, many, abundant”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰn̥ǵʰús (“thick”). Akin to Estonian paks. Probably also related to Erzya покш (pokš, “big, adult”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɑksu/, [ˈpɑ̝ks̠u]
• Rhymes: -ɑksu
• Hyphenation^(key): pak‧su

Adjective

paksu (comparative paksumpi, superlative paksuin)

1. thick (relatively great in extent from one surface to the opposite in its smallest solid dimension)

   Antonym: ohut

2. thick, viscous

   Synonym: sakea

   Antonym: ohut

3. thick, dense

   Synonyms: tuuhea, tiheä, taaja

   Antonym: ohut

4. (colloquial) pregnant
5. (colloquial) bold, barefaced, brazen, e.g. polemic but ungrounded in reality

Declension

Inflection of paksu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		paksu	paksut
genitive		paksun	paksujen
partitive		paksua	paksuja
illative		paksuun	paksuihin
		singular	plural
nominative		paksu	paksut
accusative	nom.	paksu	paksut
	gen.	paksun
genitive		paksun	paksujen
partitive		paksua	paksuja
inessive		paksussa	paksuissa
elative		paksusta	paksuista
illative		paksuun	paksuihin
adessive		paksulla	paksuilla
ablative		paksulta	paksuilta
allative		paksulle	paksuille
essive		paksuna	paksuina
translative		paksuksi	paksuiksi
abessive		paksutta	paksuitta
instructive		—	paksuin
comitative		—	paksuine

Possessive forms of paksu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative paksuni paksuni accusative nom. paksuni paksuni gen. paksuni genitive paksuni paksujeni partitive paksuani paksujani inessive paksussani paksuissani elative paksustani paksuistani illative paksuuni paksuihini adessive paksullani paksuillani ablative paksultani paksuiltani allative paksulleni paksuilleni essive paksunani paksuinani translative paksukseni paksuikseni abessive paksuttani paksuittani instructive — — comitative — paksuineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative paksusi paksusi accusative nom. paksusi paksusi gen. paksusi genitive paksusi paksujesi partitive paksuasi paksujasi inessive paksussasi paksuissasi elative paksustasi paksuistasi illative paksuusi paksuihisi adessive paksullasi paksuillasi ablative paksultasi paksuiltasi allative paksullesi paksuillesi essive paksunasi paksuinasi translative paksuksesi paksuiksesi abessive paksuttasi paksuittasi instructive — — comitative — paksuinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative paksumme paksumme accusative nom. paksumme paksumme gen. paksumme genitive paksumme paksujemme partitive paksuamme paksujamme inessive paksussamme paksuissamme elative paksustamme paksuistamme illative paksuumme paksuihimme adessive paksullamme paksuillamme ablative paksultamme paksuiltamme allative paksullemme paksuillemme essive paksunamme paksuinamme translative paksuksemme paksuiksemme abessive paksuttamme paksuittamme instructive — — comitative — paksuinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative paksunne paksunne accusative nom. paksunne paksunne gen. paksunne genitive paksunne paksujenne partitive paksuanne paksujanne inessive paksussanne paksuissanne elative paksustanne paksuistanne illative paksuunne paksuihinne adessive paksullanne paksuillanne ablative paksultanne paksuiltanne allative paksullenne paksuillenne essive paksunanne paksuinanne translative paksuksenne paksuiksenne abessive paksuttanne paksuittanne instructive — — comitative — paksuinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative paksunsa paksunsa accusative nom. paksunsa paksunsa gen. paksunsa genitive paksunsa paksujensa partitive paksuaan paksuansa paksujaan paksujansa inessive paksussaan paksussansa paksuissaan paksuissansa elative paksustaan paksustansa paksuistaan paksuistansa illative paksuunsa paksuihinsa adessive paksullaan paksullansa paksuillaan paksuillansa ablative paksultaan paksultansa paksuiltaan paksuiltansa allative paksulleen paksullensa paksuilleen paksuillensa essive paksunaan paksunansa paksuinaan paksuinansa translative paksukseen paksuksensa paksuikseen paksuiksensa abessive paksuttaan paksuttansa paksuittaan paksuittansa instructive — — comitative — paksuineen paksuinensa

Derived terms

• paksuhko
• paksuinen
• paksukainen
• paksulti
• paksuntaa
• paksusti
• paksuta
• paksuuntua
• paksuus

 

compounds

• paksuhuulinen
• paksujalka
• paksukalloinen
• paksukuorinen
• paksulehti
• paksunahkainen
• paksuneulabiopsia
• paksuneulanäyte
• Paksuniemi
• paksupohjainen
• paksupäinen
• paksupää
• paksurunkoinen
• paksusuoli
• paksuvillainen
• piippopaksupää
• tasapaksu

 

Further reading

• “paksu”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• puska

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paksu. Cognates include Finnish paksu and Estonian paks.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑksu/, [ˈpɑks̠ŭ̥]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑksu/, [ˈpɑkʃu]
• Rhymes: -ɑksu
• Hyphenation: pak‧su

Adjective

paksu (comparative paksump)

1. thick
   • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 72:

     Kirja ono 3 santimetraa paksu.

     The book is 3 centimetres thick.

2. dense
3. pregnant
4. rich, wealthy
5. (typography) bold
   • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 14:

     Paksuul șriftaal painetut format, niku jo oli saottu, ollaa otettu kirjakeelen formaks.

     The forms printed in the bold print, like was already said, have been taken into the forms of the written language.

Declension

Declension of paksu (type 4/koivu, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	paksu	paksut
genitive	paksun	paksuin, paksuloin
partitive	paksua	paksuja, paksuloja
illative	paksuu	paksui, paksuloihe
inessive	paksuus	paksuis, paksulois
elative	paksust	paksuist, paksuloist
allative	paksulle	paksuille, paksuloille
adessive	paksuul	paksuil, paksuloil
ablative	paksult	paksuilt, paksuloilt
translative	paksuks	paksuiks, paksuloiks
essive	paksunna, paksuun	paksuinna, paksuloinna, paksuin, paksuloin
exessive1)	paksunt	paksuint, paksuloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

• (dense): turpia, turpia, sakkia, jämmiä, tihhiä
• (rich): rikas, rahakas, karvain, rahalliin
• (pregnant): raskas

Antonyms

• (thick): hoikka, laiha, ujo, kehno, ohukkain (“thin”)
• (rich): köyhä

Derived terms

• paksuposkiin
• paksusooli

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 377

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *paksu.

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑksu/, [ˈpɑksu]
• Rhymes: -ɑksu
• Hyphenation: pak‧su

Adjective

paksu

1. thick
2. pregnant

Inflection

Declension of paksu (type II/võrkko, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	paksu	paksud
genitive	paksu	paksujõ, paksui
partitive	paksua	paksuitõ, paksui
illative	paksusõ, paksu	paksuisõ
inessive	paksuz	paksuiz
elative	paksussõ	paksuissõ
allative	paksulõ	paksuilõ
adessive	paksullõ	paksuillõ
ablative	paksultõ	paksuiltõ
translative	paksussi	paksuissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “paksu”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn