pender

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese pender (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin pendēre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [penˈdeɾ]

Verb

pender (first-person singular present pendo, first-person singular preterite pendín, past participle pendido)
pender (first-person singular present pendo, first-person singular preterite pendim or pendi, past participle pendido, reintegrationist norm)

1. to hang, dangle

   Synonyms: colgar, pendurar

   • 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 119:

     Tallaras o polmo daredor et tirallo as todo de rreiz, et el tirado, fende a danadura da parte hu mais pender por se non retẽer o uinino nen outra cousa de podreen na chaga

     You'll cut the swelling all around and you'll remove all of it from its root, and then you'll cleave the injury in the part that hangs the more, for it not to retain the venom nor other rotten thing in the open wound

Conjugation

    Conjugation of pender

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	pender
Personal	pender	penderes	pender	pendermos	penderdes	penderen
Gerund
	pendendo
Past participle
Masculine	pendido			pendidos
Feminine	pendida			pendidas
Indicative
Present	pendo	pendes	pende	pendemos	pendedes	penden
Imperfect	pendía	pendías	pendía	pendiamos	pendiades	pendían
Preterite	pendín	pendiches	pendeu	pendemos	pendestes	penderon
Pluperfect	pendera	penderas	pendera	penderamos	penderades	penderan
Future	penderei	penderás	penderá	penderemos	penderedes	penderán
Conditional	pendería	penderías	pendería	penderiamos	penderiades	penderían
Subjunctive
Present	penda	pendas	penda	pendamos	pendades	pendan
Imperfect	pendese	pendeses	pendese	pendésemos	pendésedes	pendesen
Future	pender	penderes	pender	pendermos	penderdes	penderen
Imperative
Affirmative		pende	penda	pendamos	pendede	pendan
Negative (non)		non pendas	non penda	non pendamos	non pendades	non pendan

    Reintegrated conjugation of pender (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	pender
Personal	pender	penderes	pender	pendermos	penderdes	penderem
Gerund
	pendendo
Past participle
Masculine	pendido			pendidos
Feminine	pendida			pendidas
Indicative
Present	pendo	pendes	pende	pendemos	pendedes, pendeis	pendem
Imperfect	pendia	pendias	pendia	pendíamos	pendíades, pendíeis, pendíais1	pendiam
Preterite	pendim, pendi	pendeste, pendeche1	pendeu	pendemos	pendestes	pendêrom, penderam
Pluperfect	pendera	penderas	pendera	pendêramos	pendêrades, pendêreis, pendêrais1	penderam
Future	penderei	penderás	penderá	penderemos	penderedes, pendereis	penderám, penderão
Conditional	penderia	penderias	penderia	penderíamos	penderíades, penderíeis, penderíais1	penderiam
Subjunctive
Present	penda	pendas	penda	pendamos	pendades, pendais	pendam
Imperfect	pendesse	pendesses	pendesse	pendêssemos	pendêssedes, pendêsseis	pendessem
Future	pender	penderes	pender	pendermos	penderdes	penderem
Imperative
Affirmative		pende	penda	pendamos	pendede, pendei	pendam
Negative (nom)		nom pendas	nom penda	nom pendamos	nom pendades, nom pendais	nom pendam

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• depender
• pendello
• pendente
• pendurar

 

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “pender”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “pender”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “pender”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “pender”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “pender”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pender, from Latin pendēre, from Proto-Italic *pendēō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to pull; to spin”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pẽˈde(ʁ)/ [pẽˈde(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pẽˈde(ʁ)/ [pẽˈde(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /pẽˈde(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /pẽˈde(ʁ)/ [pẽˈde(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /pẽˈde(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pẽˈdeɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pẽˈdeɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /pẽˈde.ɾi/

• Rhymes: (Brazil) -eʁ, (Portugal) -eɾ
• Hyphenation: pen‧der

Verb

pender (first-person singular present pendo, first-person singular preterite pendi, past participle pendido)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to hang or be suspended (from)
2. (transitive, intransitive) to put or be inclined or drooping
3. (transitive) to have a vocation, propensity (for)
4. (transitive) to be subject to; depend on
5. (transitive) to be favorable (to); lean (towards)
6. (transitive) to be imminent (about)
7. (transitive) to be willing
8. (transitive) to wilt and sag
9. (intransitive) to be about to fall
10. (intransitive) to be resolved
11. (intransitive) to be threatened with ruin
12. (intransitive) to fall inert, hang

Conjugation

    Conjugation of pender (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	pender
Personal	pender	penderes	pender	pendermos	penderdes	penderem
Gerund
	pendendo
Past participle
Masculine	pendido			pendidos
Feminine	pendida			pendidas
Indicative
Present	pendo	pendes	pende	pendemos	pendeis	pendem
Imperfect	pendia	pendias	pendia	pendíamos	pendíeis	pendiam
Preterite	pendi	pendeste	pendeu	pendemos	pendestes	penderam
Pluperfect	pendera	penderas	pendera	pendêramos	pendêreis	penderam
Future	penderei	penderás	penderá	penderemos	pendereis	penderão
Conditional	penderia	penderias	penderia	penderíamos	penderíeis	penderiam
Subjunctive
Present	penda	pendas	penda	pendamos	pendais	pendam
Imperfect	pendesse	pendesses	pendesse	pendêssemos	pendêsseis	pendessem
Future	pender	penderes	pender	pendermos	penderdes	penderem
Imperative
Affirmative		pende	penda	pendamos	pendei	pendam
Negative (não)		não pendas	não penda	não pendamos	não pendais	não pendam

Synonyms

• curvar
• decair
• depender
• dependurar
• inclinar
• pendurar
• propender
• suspender
• tender

Antonyms

• autonomizar
• endireitar
• erguer
• independentizar
• levantar

Related terms

• pesar
• apender
• fender
• pendor
• pendre
• perder
• prender
• render
• tender
• vender

See also

• favorável
• murcho

Anagrams

• pendre

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish pender, from Latin pendēre, pendeō, from Proto-Italic *pendēō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to pull; to spin”). That it was inherited is shown by medieval diphthongized conjugations such as piende or the past participle pendudo. Subsequently it became an increasingly rare and archaic term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /penˈdeɾ/ [pẽn̪ˈd̪eɾ]
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: pen‧der

Verb

pender (first-person singular present pendo, first-person singular preterite pendí, past participle pendido)

1. to hang, dangle

   Synonyms: colgar, tender

   • 1958, Ramón Pérez de Ayala, La pata de la Raposa:

     Mientras todo va bien, no sabemos de Jo que somos capaces. Ha sido menester que pendieras una pata para ...

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. to be pending, to be undecided

Conjugation

    Conjugation of pender (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			pender
gerund			pendiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		pendido		pendida
		plural		pendidos		pendidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	pendo	pendestú pendésvos	pende	pendemos	pendéis	penden
	imperfect	pendía	pendías	pendía	pendíamos	pendíais	pendían
	preterite	pendí	pendiste	pendió	pendimos	pendisteis	pendieron
	future	penderé	penderás	penderá	penderemos	penderéis	penderán
	conditional	pendería	penderías	pendería	penderíamos	penderíais	penderían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	penda	pendastú pendásvos2	penda	pendamos	pendáis	pendan
	imperfect (ra)	pendiera	pendieras	pendiera	pendiéramos	pendierais	pendieran
	imperfect (se)	pendiese	pendieses	pendiese	pendiésemos	pendieseis	pendiesen
	future1	pendiere	pendieres	pendiere	pendiéremos	pendiereis	pendieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		pendetú pendévos	penda	pendamos	pended	pendan
	negative		no pendas	no penda	no pendamos	no pendáis	no pendan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Derived terms

• pendencia
• pendiente

 

Related terms

• depender
• pendenciero
• pender de un hilo
• pesar

 

Further reading

• “pender”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10