penuh

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay penuh, from Proto-Malayic *pənuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pənuq, from Proto-Austronesian *pəNuq.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pə.ˈnʊh/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -nʊh
• Hyphenation: pê‧nuh

Adjective

pênuh

1. full:
   1. containing the maximum possible amount that can fit in the space available.
   2. complete; with nothing omitted.
   3. total, entire.
   4. replete, abounding with.

Derived terms

• dipenuhi
• kepenuhan
• memenuhi
• pemenuhan
• sepenuh
• terpenuh
• terpenuhi

 

• penuh bekat
• penuh harapan
• penuh kepala
• penuh ketakutan
• penuh padat
• penuh pekak
• penuh pekat
• penuh pepak
• penuh perut
• penuh ruah
• penuh sesak
• penuh tumpat
• penuh umpah

 

References

• “penuh” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Alternative forms

• ponuh (Sanggau)
• penoh (Pontianak, pre-1972 standard)

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *pənuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pənuq, from Proto-Austronesian *pəNuq. Cognate with Tagalog puno and Malagasy feno.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pənuh/, [pənoh]
• Rhymes: -nuh, -uh

Adjective

penuh (Jawi spelling ڤنوه)

1. full (containing the maximum possible amount)

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pemenuh [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• pemenuhan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• kepenuhan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
• sepenuh [comparability] (se-)
• penuhkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
• penuhi [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
• memenuhkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• memenuhi [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
• dipenuhkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• dipenuhi [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)
• terpenuhi [agentless action + causative (locative) benefactive] (teR- + -i)
• penuh-penuh [reduplication] (redup)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• sepenuhnya

Descendants

• Indonesian: penuh

References

• Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “ڤنه pĕnoeh”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 64
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “ڤنه pĕnoh”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 476
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “pĕnoh”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 245
• "penuh" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.

Further reading

• “penuh” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*peNuq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI