personal
English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Middle English personal, personele, from Anglo-Norman personel, personal, personell, Old French personal, personel, from Late Latin persōnālis (“of a person, personly”), equivalent to person + -al. Doublet of personnel.
Pronunciation
edit- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈpɜː.sə.nəl/, /ˈpɜːs.nəl/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈpɜɹ.sə.nəl/, /ˈpɜɹs.nəl/
Audio (US): (file) - Hyphenation: per‧son‧al‧,‧perso‧nal, perso‧nal
Adjective
editpersonal (comparative more personal, superlative most personal)
- Pertaining to persons (human beings as opposed to things or animals).
- Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals
- personal values; personal desire
- Her song was her personal look at the values of friendship.
- 2014 March 3, Zoe Alderton, “‘Snapewives’ and ‘Snapeism’: A Fiction-Based Religion within the Harry Potter Fandom”, in Religions[1], volume 5, number 1, MDPI, , pages 219–257:
- Despite personal schisms and differences in spiritual experience, there is a very coherent theology of Snape shared between the wives. To examine this manifestation of religious fandom, I will first discuss the canon scepticism and anti-Rowling sentiment that helps to contextualise the wider belief in Snape as a character who extends beyond book and film.
- 2015 October 27, Matt Preston, The Simple Secrets to Cooking Everything Better[2], Plum, →ISBN, page 192:
- You could just use ordinary shop-bought kecap manis to marinade the meat, but making your own is easy, has a far more elegant fragrance and is, above all, such a great brag! Flavouring kecap manis is an intensely personal thing, so try this version now and next time cook the sauce down with crushed, split lemongrass and a shredded lime leaf.
- Dealing with subjects about which one wishes (or people usually wish) to maintain privacy or discretion; not for public view; sensitive, intimate.
- personal reasons
- You can't read my diary—it is personal.
- That's a very personal question.
- I can't believe you went through my drawers and looked at all my personal things!
- (euphemistic) Intended for sexual use.
- personal lubricant; personal massager
- Pertaining to the external or bodily appearance; corporeal; bodily.
- personal charms
- 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:
- The most rapid and most seductive transition in all human nature is that which attends the palliation of a ravenous appetite. […] Can those harmless but refined fellow-diners be the selfish cads whose gluttony and personal appearance so raised your contemptuous wrath on your arrival?
- Done in person; without an intermediary.
- a personal interview
- a personal meeting
- personal settings
- 2011, Bob Nelson, Peter Economy, Consulting For Dummies:
- Although you miss the nonverbal cues that you pick up in a personal meeting, you can call far more clients in a day than you can meet with in person.
- Relating to an individual, their character, conduct, motives, or private affairs, in an invidious and offensive manner
- personal reflections or remarks
- (grammar) Of a noun or pronoun, having reference particular to humans and other entities having personality such as a named animal, a deity, a personification, etc.
- (grammar) Related to grammatical first, second, etc. persons.
- Denoting ownership.
- one's personal vehicle, as opposed to a company vehicle
Usage notes
edit- Not to be confused with personnel (“employees, staff”).
Derived terms
edit- antipersonal
- bipersonal
- depersonalize, depersonalization
- extrapersonal
- first-personal
- hyperpersonal
- impersonal
- interpersonal
- intrapersonal
- monopersonal
- multipersonal
- nonpersonal
- nothing personal
- overpersonalize
- peripersonal
- personal ad, personal advertisement
- personal area network
- personal assistant
- personal attack, personal attacker
- personal best
- personal brand
- personal capital
- personal column
- personal computer
- personal conduct
- personal covenant
- personal crisis
- personal data
- personal dative
- personal day
- personal defence/defense weapon
- personal development
- personal digital assistant
- personal effect
- personal equation, absolute p.e.
- personal estate
- personal exception
- personal fiduciary
- personal finance
- personal flotation device
- personal foul
- personal god
- personal goddess
- personal hell
- personal hygiene
- personal identification number
- personal identity
- personal injury
- personalise, personalize
- personalism
- personalist
- personalistic
- personal jurisdiction
- personal law
- personal ledger
- personal life
- personal location beacon
- personal location radiobeacon
- personal locator beacon
- personal locator radio-beacon
- personal lubricant
- personally
- personal mobility device
- personal name
- personal navigant
- personalness
- personal online desktop
- personal ordinariate
- personal organizer
- personal pension
- personal pronoun
- personal property, p.p. tax
- personal protective equipment, personal protector
- personal record
- personal rule
- personal security
- personal service
- personal shopper, p. shopping
- Personal Social Health Education
- personal space
- personal stereo
- personal time
- personal trainer, personal training
- personal transaction
- personal transporter
- personalty
- personal union
- personal video recorder
- personal water craft
- personalzine
- polypersonal
- prepersonal
- subpersonal
- superpersonal
- suprapersonal
- telepersonals
- third-personal
- transpersonal
- tripersonal
- ultrapersonal
- unipersonal
- unpersonal
- up close and personal
Related terms
editTranslations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Noun
editpersonal (plural personals)
- (chiefly in the plural) An advertisement by which an individual attempts to meet others with similar interests.
- One's own property or asset
- 1748, Tobias Smollett (translator), Alain-René Lesage (original), The Adventures of Gil Blas of Santillane
- In addition to this, a coarse shirt quite new, a pair of my father's shoes quite old, and, what rejoiced me more than all the rest, a rouleau of twenty rials in a linen rag. Behold the sum total of my personals.
- 1982 April 10, Roosevelt Williamson, “Prison Racism and Legal Slavery in America”, in Gay Community News, page 15:
- I've had my cell ransacked, savagely searched, and as a result, had my legal papers stolen and destroyed, allong with what little personal clothing and other personals I had.
- 1748, Tobias Smollett (translator), Alain-René Lesage (original), The Adventures of Gil Blas of Santillane
Translations
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Further reading
edit- “personal”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Anagrams
editCatalan
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Late Latin persōnālis.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): (Central) [pər.suˈnal]
- IPA(key): (Balearic) [pər.soˈnal]
- IPA(key): (Valencia) [peɾ.soˈnal]
Adjective
editpersonal m or f (masculine and feminine plural personals)
- personal
- Antonym: impersonal
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
edit- “personal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “personal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “personal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “personal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Cebuano
editEtymology
editBorrowed from English personal, from Middle English personal, personele, from Anglo-Norman personel, personal, personell, Old French personal, personel, from Late Latin persōnālis (“of a person, personly”).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editpersonal
- of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals; peculiar or proper to private concerns; not public or general
Quotations
editFor quotations using this term, see Citations:personal.
German
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Late Latin persōnālis.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editpersonal (strong nominative masculine singular personaler, not comparable)
Declension
editFurther reading
editIndonesian
editEtymology
editFrom English personal, from Middle English personal, personele, from Anglo-Norman personel, personal, personell, Old French personal, personel, from Late Latin persōnālis (“of a person, personly”).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editpersonal
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- “personal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Interlingua
editAdjective
editpersonal (comparative plus personal, superlative le plus personal)
Noun
editpersonal (uncountable)
Ladin
editAdjective
editpersonal m (feminine singular personala, masculine plural personai, feminine plural personales)
Portuguese
editEtymology
editPseudo-anglicism, derived from personal trainer.
Pronunciation
edit
- Hyphenation: per‧so‧nal
Noun
editpersonal m or f by sense (plural personais)
- (Brazil, informal) personal trainer
- Synonym: personal trainer
Romanian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin personalis or German personell or Italian personale or French personnel. By surface analysis, persoană + -al.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editpersonal m or n (feminine singular personală, masculine plural personali, feminine and neuter plural personale)
Declension
editsingular | plural | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
nominative- accusative |
indefinite | personal | personală | personali | personale | |||
definite | personalul | personala | personalii | personalele | ||||
genitive- dative |
indefinite | personal | personale | personali | personale | |||
definite | personalului | personalei | personalilor | personalelor |
Antonyms
editDerived terms
editAdverb
editpersonal
Noun
editpersonal n (plural personale)
- (collective) staff, members of staff, personnel
- (countable) Short for tren personal (“stopping train”).
Declension
editsingular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
nominative-accusative | personal | personalul | personale | personalele | |
genitive-dative | personal | personalului | personale | personalelor | |
vocative | personalule | personalelor |
Further reading
edit- personal in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Spanish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Late Latin persōnālis.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /peɾsoˈnal/ [peɾ.soˈnal]
Audio (Mexico): (file) Audio (Colombia): (file) - Rhymes: -al
- Syllabification: per‧so‧nal
Adjective
editpersonal m or f (masculine and feminine plural personales)
- personal
- Antonym: impersonal
Derived terms
editNoun
editpersonal m (plural personales)
- personnel, staff
- profesores y personal ― faculty and staff
- personal militar ― military personnel
- personal de seguridad ― security personnel
- personal sanitario ― health workers, healthcare workers, medical personnel
- personal médico ― medical staff, medical personnel; medical practitioners
Noun
editpersonal m (uncountable)
- (informal) folks, people, mob, crowd; the masses
- 1993 April 23, Francisco Umbral, “Queremos saber”, in Antena 3:
- Yo he venido aquí a hablar de mi libro; y no a hablar de lo que opine el personal, que me da lo mismo, porque para eso tengo mi columna y mi opinión diaria.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
edit- “personal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
Swedish
editPronunciation
editNoun
editpersonal c
- staff (employees of a business)
- Synonym: arbetskraft
Declension
editDerived terms
edit- ambassadpersonal
- ambulanspersonal
- apotekspersonal
- butikspersonal
- civilpersonal
- dagispersonal
- dagpersonal
- däckspersonal
- ekonomipersonal
- extrapersonal
- fyrpersonal
- hemtjänstpersonal
- hotellpersonal
- kabinpersonal
- kanslipersonal
- kassapersonal
- kringpersonal
- kökspersonal
- markpersonal
- omsorgspersonal
- personaladministration
- personaladministratör
- personalansvar
- personalansvarig
- personalansvarsnämnd
- personalavdelning
- personalbostad
- personalbrist
- personalchef
- personaldator
- personaldirektör
- personalfest
- personalföreträdare
- personalförstärkning
- personalförsörjning
- personalförteckning
- personalgrupp
- personalingång
- personalinskränkning
- personalintendent
- personalintensiv
- personalkategori
- personalkonferens
- personalkonsulent
- personalkostnad
- personalkrävande
- personalliggare
- personalläkare
- personalmatsal
- personalminskning
- personalmöte
- personalneddragning
- personalnedskärning
- personalnämnd
- personalomsättning
- personaloption
- personalorganisation
- personalplanering
- personalpolitik
- personalpolitisk
- personalpool
- personalproblem
- personalrekrytering
- personalrepresentant
- personalrestaurang
- personalresurs
- personalrum
- personalsekreterare
- personalsidan
- personalsituation
- personalstyrka
- personaltidning
- personaltoalett
- personaltäthet
- personalunion
- personalutbildning
- personaluthyrning
- personalutrymme
- personalutskott
- personalutveckling
- personalvård
- personalvårdsnämnd
- personalärende
- personalökning
- restaurangpersonal
- räddningspersonal
- serveringspersonal
- servicepersonal
- sjukhuspersonal
- sjukvårdspersonal
- skolpersonal
- stampersonal
- städpersonal
- säkerhetspersonal
- tullpersonal
- tågpersonal
- vakpersonal
- vaktpersonal
- vårdpersonal
Further reading
editAnagrams
editTagalog
editEtymology
editEach pronunciation has a different source:
- With ultimate stress, borrowed from Spanish personal.
- With antepenultimate stress, borrowed from English personal.
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog)
- Syllabification: per‧so‧nal
Adjective
editpersonál or pérsonál (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜓᜈᜎ᜔)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “personal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Anglo-Norman
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Late Latin
- English terms suffixed with -al
- English doublets
- English 3-syllable words
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English adjectives
- English terms with collocations
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- English euphemisms
- en:Grammar
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- Catalan terms borrowed from Late Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Late Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan adjectives
- Catalan epicene adjectives
- Cebuano terms borrowed from English
- Cebuano terms derived from English
- Cebuano terms derived from Middle English
- Cebuano terms derived from Anglo-Norman
- Cebuano terms derived from Old French
- Cebuano terms derived from Late Latin
- Cebuano terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cebuano lemmas
- Cebuano adjectives
- German terms borrowed from Late Latin
- German terms derived from Late Latin
- German 3-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German adjectives
- German uncomparable adjectives
- Indonesian terms borrowed from English
- Indonesian terms derived from English
- Indonesian terms derived from Middle English
- Indonesian terms derived from Anglo-Norman
- Indonesian terms derived from Old French
- Indonesian terms derived from Late Latin
- Indonesian 3-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian adjectives
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua adjectives
- Interlingua nouns
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin adjectives
- Portuguese pseudo-loans from English
- Portuguese terms derived from English
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 4-syllable words
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- Portuguese feminine nouns
- Portuguese nouns with multiple genders
- Portuguese masculine and feminine nouns by sense
- Brazilian Portuguese
- Portuguese informal terms
- Romanian terms borrowed from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms borrowed from German
- Romanian terms derived from German
- Romanian terms borrowed from Italian
- Romanian terms derived from Italian
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian terms suffixed with -al
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Romanian/al
- Rhymes:Romanian/al/3 syllables
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian adjectives
- Romanian adverbs
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Romanian collective nouns
- Romanian short forms
- ro:Rail transportation
- Romanian modal adverbs
- Spanish terms borrowed from Late Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Late Latin
- Spanish 3-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/al
- Rhymes:Spanish/al/3 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish adjectives
- Spanish epicene adjectives
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- Spanish terms with collocations
- Spanish uncountable nouns
- Spanish informal terms
- Spanish terms with quotations
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Tagalog terms borrowed from Spanish
- Tagalog terms derived from Spanish
- Tagalog terms borrowed from English
- Tagalog terms derived from English
- Tagalog 3-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/al
- Rhymes:Tagalog/al/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Tagalog/eɾsonal
- Rhymes:Tagalog/eɾsonal/3 syllables
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog adjectives
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script