polio

See also: Appendix:Variations of "polio"

English

Etymology

First element of polio(myelitis).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈpəʊljəʊ/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈpoʊlioʊ/, /-ljoʊ/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əʊljəʊ
• Hyphenation: po‧lio

Noun

polio (countable and uncountable, plural polios)

1. (uncountable) Abbreviation of poliomyelitis.
2. (countable, informal) A person who has poliomyelitis.
   • 1977, United States. Congress. House. Welfare Reform Subcommittee, Administration's Welfare Reform Proposal: Joint Hearings..., page 223:

     They don't need social service workers running back and forth every month or two to see if the polios are playing stickball in the street because they never will.

   • 2008, Cynthia Comacchio, Janet Golden, George Weisz, Healing the World's Children, page 141:

     The “polios” (as they called themselves) in Warm Springs didn't deny the seriousness of their health issues or the impairments to their physiology. But their most critical struggle, they claimed, involved healing sorely wounded spirits.

Derived terms

• DPT

Dutch

Etymology

Shortening of poliomyelitis. Perhaps borrowed from English polio.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpoː.li.oː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: po‧lio

Noun

polio f (uncountable)

1. polio, poliomyelitis [from ca. 1950s]

   Synonyms: kinderverlamming, poliomyelitis

Derived terms

• poliovaccin

Finnish

Etymology

From English polio, from German Poliomyelitis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpolio/, [ˈpo̞lio̞]
• Rhymes: -olio
• Hyphenation^(key): po‧lio

Noun

polio

1. poliomyelitis

Declension

Inflection of polio (Kotus type 3/valtio, no gradation)
nominative		polio	poliot
genitive		polion	polioiden polioitten
partitive		poliota	polioita
illative		polioon	polioihin
		singular	plural
nominative		polio	poliot
accusative	nom.	polio	poliot
	gen.	polion
genitive		polion	polioiden polioitten
partitive		poliota	polioita
inessive		poliossa	polioissa
elative		poliosta	polioista
illative		polioon	polioihin
adessive		poliolla	polioilla
ablative		poliolta	polioilta
allative		poliolle	polioille
essive		poliona	polioina
translative		polioksi	polioiksi
abessive		poliotta	polioitta
instructive		—	polioin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of polio (Kotus type 3/valtio, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative polioni polioni accusative nom. polioni polioni gen. polioni genitive polioni polioideni polioitteni partitive poliotani polioitani inessive poliossani polioissani elative poliostani polioistani illative poliooni polioihini adessive poliollani polioillani ablative polioltani polioiltani allative poliolleni polioilleni essive polionani polioinani translative poliokseni polioikseni abessive poliottani polioittani instructive — — comitative — polioineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative poliosi poliosi accusative nom. poliosi poliosi gen. poliosi genitive poliosi polioidesi polioittesi partitive poliotasi polioitasi inessive poliossasi polioissasi elative poliostasi polioistasi illative polioosi polioihisi adessive poliollasi polioillasi ablative polioltasi polioiltasi allative poliollesi polioillesi essive polionasi polioinasi translative polioksesi polioiksesi abessive poliottasi polioittasi instructive — — comitative — polioinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative poliomme poliomme accusative nom. poliomme poliomme gen. poliomme genitive poliomme polioidemme polioittemme partitive poliotamme polioitamme inessive poliossamme polioissamme elative poliostamme polioistamme illative polioomme polioihimme adessive poliollamme polioillamme ablative polioltamme polioiltamme allative poliollemme polioillemme essive polionamme polioinamme translative polioksemme polioiksemme abessive poliottamme polioittamme instructive — — comitative — polioinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative polionne polionne accusative nom. polionne polionne gen. polionne genitive polionne polioidenne polioittenne partitive poliotanne polioitanne inessive poliossanne polioissanne elative poliostanne polioistanne illative polioonne polioihinne adessive poliollanne polioillanne ablative polioltanne polioiltanne allative poliollenne polioillenne essive polionanne polioinanne translative polioksenne polioiksenne abessive poliottanne polioittanne instructive — — comitative — polioinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative polionsa polionsa accusative nom. polionsa polionsa gen. polionsa genitive polionsa polioidensa polioittensa partitive poliotaan poliotansa polioitaan polioitansa inessive poliossaan poliossansa polioissaan polioissansa elative poliostaan poliostansa polioistaan polioistansa illative polioonsa polioihinsa adessive poliollaan poliollansa polioillaan polioillansa ablative polioltaan polioltansa polioiltaan polioiltansa allative poliolleen poliollensa polioilleen polioillensa essive polionaan polionansa polioinaan polioinansa translative poliokseen polioksensa polioikseen polioiksensa abessive poliottaan poliottansa polioittaan polioittansa instructive — — comitative — polioineen polioinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• poliorokote
• poliorokotus
• poliovirus

 

Further reading

• “polio”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• lipoo, pooli

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɔ.ljo/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

polio f (uncountable)

1. Clipping of poliomyélite. polio, poliomyelitis

Further reading

• “polio”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɔ.ljo/
• Rhymes: -ɔljo
• Hyphenation: pò‧lio

Etymology 1

From [Teucrium] polium, from Late Latin polium, polion, from Ancient Greek πόλιον (pólion), from πολιός (poliós, “white, grey”).

Noun

polio m (uncountable)

1. the plant Teucrium polium (felty germander)

   Synonym: canutola

Etymology 2

Clipping of poliomielite.

Noun

polio f (invariable)

1. poliomyelitis, polio

Anagrams

• -opoli, piolo

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpo.li.oː/, [ˈpɔlʲioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpo.li.o/, [ˈpɔːlio]

Etymology 1

Of uncertain origin.

Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁- (“to swing”), from the notion of fulling cloth by swinging and beating it. In this case, cognate with Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō, “to swing, shake loose”). See also interpolō.

Another theory derives the word from an unattested adjective *polis, from Proto-Indo-European *polh₂-i, from *pelh₂- (“flat”), taking the word's original meaning as "to make flat and smooth".

Verb

poliō (present infinitive polīre, perfect active polīvī or poliī, supine polītum); fourth conjugation

1. to polish, to smooth

Conjugation

   Conjugation of poliō (fourth conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	poliō	polīs	polit	polīmus	polītis	poliunt
	imperfect	poliēbam	poliēbās	poliēbat	poliēbāmus	poliēbātis	poliēbant
	future	poliam	poliēs	poliet	poliēmus	poliētis	polient
	perfect	polīvī, poliī	polīvistī, poliistī	polīvit, poliit	polīvimus, poliimus	polīvistis, poliistis	polīvērunt, polīvēre, poliērunt, poliēre
	pluperfect	polīveram, polieram	polīverās, polierās	polīverat, polierat	polīverāmus, polierāmus	polīverātis, polierātis	polīverant, polierant
	future perfect	polīverō, polierō	polīveris, polieris	polīverit, polierit	polīverimus, polierimus	polīveritis, polieritis	polīverint, polierint
passive	present	polior	polīris, polīre	polītur	polīmur	polīminī	poliuntur
	imperfect	poliēbar	poliēbāris, poliēbāre	poliēbātur	poliēbāmur	poliēbāminī	poliēbantur
	future	poliar	poliēris, poliēre	poliētur	poliēmur	poliēminī	polientur
	perfect	polītus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	polītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	polītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	poliam	poliās	poliat	poliāmus	poliātis	poliant
imperfect	polīrem	polīrēs	polīret	polīrēmus	polīrētis	polīrent
perfect	polīverim, polierim	polīverīs, polierīs	polīverit, polierit	polīverīmus, polierīmus	polīverītis, polierītis	polīverint, polierint
pluperfect	polīvissem, poliissem	polīvissēs, poliissēs	polīvisset, poliisset	polīvissēmus, poliissēmus	polīvissētis, poliissētis	polīvissent, poliissent
passive	present	poliar	poliāris, poliāre	poliātur	poliāmur	poliāminī	poliantur
imperfect	polīrer	polīrēris, polīrēre	polīrētur	polīrēmur	polīrēminī	polīrentur
perfect	polītus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	polītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	polī	—	—	polīte	—
	future	—	polītō	polītō	—	polītōte	poliuntō
passive	present	—	polīre	—	—	polīminī	—
	future	—	polītor	polītor	—	—	poliuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		polīre	polīvisse, poliisse	polītūrum esse	polīrī	polītum esse	polītum īrī
participles		poliēns	—	polītūrus	—	polītus	poliendus, poliundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		poliendī	poliendō	poliendum	poliendō	polītum	polītū

Derived terms

• expolio
• interpolō
• polītus

Descendants

• Asturian: polir, pulir
• Catalan: polir
• Danish: polere
• Dutch: polijsten
• Esperanto: poluri
• Friulian: pulî
• Galician: pulir, puír
• Hungarian: políroz
• Ido: polisar
• Interlingua: polir
• Italian: pulire, polire
• Norwegian Bokmål: polere
• Norwegian Nynorsk: polere
• Old French: polir
  • French: polir
  • → Middle English: polishen
    • English: polish
  • → Middle High German: polieren
    • German: polieren
    • → Russian: полирова́ть (polirovátʹ)
• Piedmontese: pulì
• Polish: polerować
• Portuguese: polir, puir
• Spanish: pulir, polir
• Swedish: polera
• Vulgar Latin: *politiāre
  • Neapolitan: polezzare
  • Sicilian: pulizziari

References

• “polio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “polio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• polio in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• polio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

poliō n

1. dative/ablative singular of polion
2. dative/ablative singular of polium

Lindu

Noun

polio

1. farmer

Polish

polio

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɔ.ljɔ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔljɔ
• Syllabification: po‧lio

Noun

polio n (indeclinable)

1. (countable) polio, poliovirus (human enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family that causes poliomyelitis)

   Synonym: poliowirus

2. (uncountable) polio, poliomyelitis, infantile paralysis (acute infection by the poliovirus, especially of the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and sometimes deformity)

   Synonyms: choroba Heinego-Medina, heinemedina, porażenie dziecięce

Declension

Indeclinable

or

Declension of polio

	singular	plural
nominative	polio	polia
genitive	polia	poliów
dative	poliu	poliom
accusative	polio	polia
instrumental	poliem	poliami
locative	poliu	poliach
vocative	polio	polia

Further reading

• polio in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• polio in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Participle

polio (Cyrillic spelling полио)

1. masculine singular active past participle of politi

Spanish

Etymology

Clipping of poliomielitis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpoljo/ [ˈpo.ljo]
• Rhymes: -oljo
• Syllabification: po‧lio

Noun

polio f (plural polios)

1. poliomyelitis

Further reading

• “polio”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from English polio.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Noun

polio class IX (no plural)

1. poliomyelitis

   Synonym: ugonjwa wa kupooza