pollen
English
editEtymology
editFrom Latin pollen (“fine flour”). Used by Linnaeus in the 18th century to describe the spores produced in the anthers of flowers.
Pronunciation
edit- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpɒlən/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈpɑlən/
Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -ɒlən
- Hyphenation: pol‧len
Noun
editpollen (usually uncountable, plural pollens)
- A fine, granular substance produced in flowers.
- (botany) Pollen grains (microspores) produced in the anthers of flowering plants. [from mid 18th century]
- 2013 May–June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:
- In plants, the ability to recognize self from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.
- (obsolete) Fine powder in general, fine flour. [16th-century per OED]
- 1523–1525, John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, Froissart's Chronicles[1], translation of original by Jean Froissart:
- and ther was good wyne of Gascoyne, […] as well of pollen, as of other vitailes
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editTranslations
edit
|
Verb
editpollen (third-person singular simple present pollens, present participle pollening, simple past and past participle pollened)
- (transitive, poetic) To cover with, or as if with, pollen.
See also
editDanish
editEtymology
editNoun
editpollen n (singular definite pollenet, plural indefinite pollen)
References
edit- “pollen” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editpollen n (uncountable)
Usage notes
editThe common term in Dutch is stuifmeel. The term pollen is found in biology texts, but is furthermore in common use when identifying the causative agent of hay fever. In that sense, the word is often mistakenly construed as being plural (“Tranende, jeukende ogen en een loopneus: pollen zijn geen pretje”, Metro, 29 February 2016; “Er hangen al pollen in de lucht: hooikoortsseizoen is begonnen”, Het Laatste Nieuws, 10 January 2018; “Pollen kunnen nu al voor hooikoorts zorgen”, De Telegraaf, 22 December 2018).
Synonyms
editEtymology 2
editVerb
editpollen
Conjugation
editConjugation of pollen (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | pollen | |||
past singular | pollde | |||
past participle | gepolld | |||
infinitive | pollen | |||
gerund | pollen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | poll | pollde | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | pollt, poll2 | pollde | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | pollt | pollde | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | pollt | pollde | ||
3rd person singular | pollt | pollde | ||
plural | pollen | pollden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | polle | pollde | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | pollen | pollden | ||
imperative sing. | poll | |||
imperative plur.1 | pollt | |||
participles | pollend | gepolld | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Etymology 3
editNoun
editpollen
French
editEtymology
editLearned borrowing from Latin pollen.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editpollen m (plural pollens)
Derived terms
editSee also
editFurther reading
edit- “pollen”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
German
editVerb
editpollen (weak, third-person singular present pollt, past tense pollte, past participle gepollt, auxiliary haben)
Conjugation
editinfinitive | pollen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | pollend | ||||
past participle | gepollt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich polle | wir pollen | i | ich polle | wir pollen |
du pollst | ihr pollt | du pollest | ihr pollet | ||
er pollt | sie pollen | er polle | sie pollen | ||
preterite | ich pollte | wir pollten | ii | ich pollte1 | wir pollten1 |
du polltest | ihr polltet | du polltest1 | ihr polltet1 | ||
er pollte | sie pollten | er pollte1 | sie pollten1 | ||
imperative | poll (du) polle (du) |
pollt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Latin
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editProbably from a Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“flour, dust”); compare with Ancient Greek πάλη (pálē, “the finest meal; any fine dust”), as well as pulvis (though de Vaan is skeptical of the latter link).[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈpol.len/, [ˈpɔlːʲɛn]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpol.len/, [ˈpɔlːen]
Noun
editpollen n (genitive pollinis); third declension
- (literally) flour, especially fine flour, milldust
- (transferred sense) the (very) fine powder or dust of other things
Declension
editThird-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | pollen | pollina |
genitive | pollinis | pollinum |
dative | pollinī | pollinibus |
accusative | pollen | pollina |
ablative | polline | pollinibus |
vocative | pollen | pollina |
Synonyms
edit- (transferred sense: fine powder or dust): pulvis
Derived terms
edit- polenta
- pollināris (Classical)
- pollinārium (New Latin)
- pollinārius (Classical)
- pollinātus (Classical)
- pollinicus (post-Classical)
- pollinium (New Latin)
- pollinivorus (New Latin)
- pollinōdium (New Latin)
- pollinoīdēs (New Latin)
- pollinōsus (New Latin)
Descendants
edit- Italian: polline
- Neapolitan: ponila (Taranto), ponnula (Lecce)
- Sardinian: poddine, poddini
- → Catalan: pol·len
- → English: pollen
- → French: pollen
- → German: Pollen
- → Portuguese: pólen
- → Romanian: polen
- → Spanish: polen
References
edit- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pollen, -inis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 477
Further reading
edit- “pollen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “pollen”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- pollĕn in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1,195/1.
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “pollen”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 9: Placabilis–Pyxis, page 131
- Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “pŏllen”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 497
Norwegian Bokmål
editEtymology
editNoun
editpollen n (definite singular pollenet)
Related terms
editReferences
edit- “pollen” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editpollen n (definite singular pollenet)
Related terms
editEtymology 2
editNoun
editpollen m
References
edit- “pollen” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Swedish
editNoun
editpollen n (uncountable)
Declension
editnominative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|
singular | indefinite | pollen | pollens |
definite | pollenet | pollenets | |
plural | indefinite | — | — |
definite | — | — |
Derived terms
edit- pollenallergi (“pollen allergy”)
- pollenallergiker (“someone allergic to pollen”)
Related terms
editReferences
edit- English terms derived from Latin
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɒlən
- Rhymes:English/ɒlən/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Botany
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English poetic terms
- en:Plant anatomy
- Danish terms derived from Latin
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish neuter nouns
- da:Botany
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔlən
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔlən/2 syllables
- Dutch terms derived from Latin
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch uncountable nouns
- Dutch neuter nouns
- Dutch terms derived from English
- Dutch verbs
- nl:Computing
- Dutch weak verbs
- Dutch basic verbs
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch noun forms
- French terms borrowed from Latin
- French learned borrowings from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- de:Computing
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin third declension nouns
- Latin neuter nouns in the third declension
- Latin neuter nouns
- Latin terms with transferred senses
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål neuter nouns
- nb:Botany
- Norwegian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk neuter nouns
- nn:Botany
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk noun forms
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish neuter nouns
- Swedish uncountable nouns
- sv:Botany