preto
Galician
editEtymology
editBack-formation from apretar (“tighten, push, squeeze, compress”). The semantic evolution to "dark" comes through the sense of "tight" or "thick".[1] Another common, but less likely, etymology suggested is Vulgar Latin *prettus, from Latin pressus. Compare Portuguese preto, Asturian prietu, Spanish prieto.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editpreto
- near, nearby
- Antonym: lonxe
- 1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago, Madrid: C. S. I. C, page 98:
- Et quando o diserõ a Calrros, volueuse a França et a grã presa enviou a todo los seus a longe et a preto que viesen a el.
- And when Charlemagne was told this, he returned to France and in great hurry he sent for all his, far and near, to come to him
Derived terms
editAdjective
editpreto (feminine preta, masculine plural pretos, feminine plural pretas)
- dark, swarthy, black
- 1842, Juan Manuel Pintos, Meu Querido Pai:
- Ali venden millo
Trigo è mais centeo
Fabas è castañas
Roupa è trapos vellos;
Tamen venden louza
De côr branco e prêto,
Hai tendas do chan
E tamen cubertos
Con cousas do uso
Todas a bon prezo- There they sell corn
wheat and also rye
beans and chestnuts
clothes and old rags
also they sell dishware
of colour white and black,
there they sell on the ground
and also under cover
with handy things
all at a good price
- There they sell corn
References
edit- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “preto”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “preto”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “preto”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “preto”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “preto”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “prieto”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos.
Ladino
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Portuguese preto.
Adjective
editpreto (Latin spelling)
Old Galician-Portuguese
editEtymology
editFrom earlier *apreto, from apretar, from Late Latin appectorāre, from Latin pectus (“chest”).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editpreto m (plural pretos, feminine preta, feminine plural pretas)
Descendants
editAdverb
editpreto
- near
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 325 (facsimile):
- […] que pã nõ comeu nẽ bocado nen beueu agua nẽ uỹo ata que preto de Silve foi quando aluzeçia.
- […] that she didn’t eat bread nor morsel, neither drank water nor wine until she was near Silves during sunrise.
- […] que pã nõ comeu nẽ bocado nen beueu agua nẽ uỹo ata que preto de Silve foi quando aluzeçia.
Descendants
editSee also
editbranco, blanco, alvo | gris | negro, preto |
vermelho | castanho | amarelo |
verde | ||
azur | ||
cardẽo | rosa |
Portuguese
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese preto (“black, near”), from earlier *apreto, from apretar (Modern Portuguese apertar (“tighten, press, clamp”)), from Late Latin appectorāre, from Latin pectus (“chest”). The semantic evolution to "black" or "dark" comes through the sense of "dense" or "thick". See also the related perto. Another common, but less likely, etymology suggested is a Vulgar Latin *prettus, from pressus.[1]
Compare Galician preto, Asturian and Leonese prietu, Ladino preto, and Spanish prieto.
Pronunciation
edit
Audio (Northern Portugal): (file) - Rhymes: -etu
- Hyphenation: pre‧to
Adjective
editpreto (feminine preta, masculine plural pretos, feminine plural pretas)
- black; black in colour
- Synonym: (somewhat formal) negro
- O tecido preto aquece/esquenta mais rapidamente.
- Black cloth heats up more quickly.
- (loosely) being the darkest of its kind
- pão preto ― rye bread
- peças pretas de xadrez ― black chess pieces
- nuvem preta ― black cloud
- (of a person, usually offensive) black (dark-skinned)
- Synonym: negro (less offensive)
- Uma mulher preta esteve cá.
- A black woman was here.
- (idiomatic, of situations) bad; very adverse
Derived terms
editNoun
editpreto m (plural pretos, feminine preta, feminine plural pretas)
- the color black
- Synonym: negro
- O preto é a mais escura das cores.
- Black is the darkest colour.
- (usually offensive, ethnic slur) a black person
Descendants
editSee also
editbranco, alvo, cândido | cinza, gris, cinzento |
preto, negro, atro |
vermelho, encarnado, rubro, salmão; carmim |
laranja, cor de laranja; castanho, marrom |
amarelo, lúteo; creme, ocre |
verde-limão | verde | verde-água; verde-menta |
ciano, turquesa; azul-petróleo |
azul-bebê, azul-celeste | azul, índigo, anil |
violeta, lilás |
magenta; roxo, púrpura | rosa, cor-de-rosa, rosa-choque |
References
edit- ^ “preto”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
Slovak
editPronunciation
editAdverb
editpreto
References
edit- “preto”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
- Galician back-formations
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- Rhymes:Galician/eto
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