pula

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pula"

English

Etymology

From Tswana pula, Northern Sotho pula, and Sotho pula (“rain”), all from Proto-Bantu *mbúdà.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /pʊlə/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (General American) enPR: po͞olʹä, IPA^(key): /puːlɑː/
• Homophone: puller (UK, non-rhotic)

Noun

pula

1. (Southern Africa) Rain, used as an expression of greeting or good luck.
   • 2020 March 31, Government of Botswana, “State of Public Emergency — S.I. No. 59 of 2020”, in Republic of Botswana Government Gazette Extraordinary‎^[1], page C213:

     Given under my hand and the Public Seal at Gaborone this 31st day of March, 2020. / PULA!

2. The currency of Botswana, divided into 100 thebe.

Anagrams

• Palu, Paul, ULPA, paul

Acehnese

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *mula

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pula/

Verb

pula

1. to plant

Derived terms

• meupula
• peumula
• peunula
• teupula

 

Bikol Central

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: pu‧la
• IPA^(key): /puˈla/ [puˈl̪a]

Adjective

pulá

1. red (color/colour)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: pu‧la
• IPA^(key): /ˈpula/ [ˈpu.l̪a]

Noun

púla

1. mute, a person unable to speak

Cebuano

Alternative forms

• puwa — Metro Cebu, Bohol, Leyte

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula.

Pronunciation

• (Sialo) IPA^(key): /puˈla/ [pʊˈl̪a]
• (Metro Cebu, Bohol, Leyte) IPA^(key): /puˈa/ [ˈpwa]
• Hyphenation: pu‧la

Adjective

pulá

1. red (color/colour)

Noun

pulá

1. red (color/colour)
2. egg yolk

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:pula.

Dalmatian

Etymology

Possibly from Vulgar Latin *pūbula, from Latin pūbes, or more likely from pulla, feminine of pullus. Compare Romanian pulă, Aromanian pulã, Catalan and Spanish polla.

Noun

pula f

1. penis

Finnish

Etymology

Originally an opening in the ice into which a man has fallen or may fall. Probably onomatopoetic imitating the associated sound of water, compare pulahtaa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpulɑ/, [ˈpulɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ulɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): pu‧la

Noun

pula

1. shortage
2. (economy) an economic crisis characterized by shortage of goods and/or means to buy them; a depression, slump
3. urgent situation, trouble, scrape, pinch, deep water

Declension

Inflection of pula (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		pula	pulat
genitive		pulan	pulien
partitive		pulaa	pulia
illative		pulaan	puliin
		singular	plural
nominative		pula	pulat
accusative	nom.	pula	pulat
	gen.	pulan
genitive		pulan	pulien pulain rare
partitive		pulaa	pulia
inessive		pulassa	pulissa
elative		pulasta	pulista
illative		pulaan	puliin
adessive		pulalla	pulilla
ablative		pulalta	pulilta
allative		pulalle	pulille
essive		pulana	pulina
translative		pulaksi	puliksi
abessive		pulatta	pulitta
instructive		—	pulin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of pula (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative pulani pulani accusative nom. pulani pulani gen. pulani genitive pulani pulieni pulaini rare partitive pulaani puliani inessive pulassani pulissani elative pulastani pulistani illative pulaani puliini adessive pulallani pulillani ablative pulaltani puliltani allative pulalleni pulilleni essive pulanani pulinani translative pulakseni pulikseni abessive pulattani pulittani instructive — — comitative — pulineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative pulasi pulasi accusative nom. pulasi pulasi gen. pulasi genitive pulasi puliesi pulaisi rare partitive pulaasi puliasi inessive pulassasi pulissasi elative pulastasi pulistasi illative pulaasi puliisi adessive pulallasi pulillasi ablative pulaltasi puliltasi allative pulallesi pulillesi essive pulanasi pulinasi translative pulaksesi puliksesi abessive pulattasi pulittasi instructive — — comitative — pulinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative pulamme pulamme accusative nom. pulamme pulamme gen. pulamme genitive pulamme puliemme pulaimme rare partitive pulaamme puliamme inessive pulassamme pulissamme elative pulastamme pulistamme illative pulaamme puliimme adessive pulallamme pulillamme ablative pulaltamme puliltamme allative pulallemme pulillemme essive pulanamme pulinamme translative pulaksemme puliksemme abessive pulattamme pulittamme instructive — — comitative — pulinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative pulanne pulanne accusative nom. pulanne pulanne gen. pulanne genitive pulanne pulienne pulainne rare partitive pulaanne pulianne inessive pulassanne pulissanne elative pulastanne pulistanne illative pulaanne puliinne adessive pulallanne pulillanne ablative pulaltanne puliltanne allative pulallenne pulillenne essive pulananne pulinanne translative pulaksenne puliksenne abessive pulattanne pulittanne instructive — — comitative — pulinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative pulansa pulansa accusative nom. pulansa pulansa gen. pulansa genitive pulansa puliensa pulainsa rare partitive pulaansa puliaan puliansa inessive pulassaan pulassansa pulissaan pulissansa elative pulastaan pulastansa pulistaan pulistansa illative pulaansa puliinsa adessive pulallaan pulallansa pulillaan pulillansa ablative pulaltaan pulaltansa puliltaan puliltansa allative pulalleen pulallensa pulilleen pulillensa essive pulanaan pulanansa pulinaan pulinansa translative pulakseen pulaksensa pulikseen puliksensa abessive pulattaan pulattansa pulittaan pulittansa instructive — — comitative — pulineen pulinensa

Derived terms

• jättää pulaan
• pulaan (“into difficulties”)
• pulassa (“in a pinch”)
• pulia (“to swim”)

 

compounds

• aikapula
• asuntopula
• bensiinipula
• elintarvikepula
• energiapula
• halipula
• hallituspula
• hoitajapula
• kalustopula
• luottamuspula
• lääkäripula
• opettajapula
• pula-aika
• pulakausi
• pulavuosi
• raaka-ainepula
• rahapula
• runsaudenpula
• ruokapula
• talouspula
• tavarapula
• työvoimapula
• vesipula

 

Further reading

• “pula”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• Paul, lupa

Galician

Verb

pula

1. inflection of pulir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative
2. inflection of pular:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Indonesian

Adverb

pula

1. also

   Synonym: juga

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpu.la/
• Rhymes: -ula
• Hyphenation: pù‧la

Etymology 1

From Latin āplūda.

Noun

pula f (plural pule)

1. chaff

Etymology 2

From a regional form of Italian polizia, that is pulizia.

Noun

pula

1. (slang) the police, the fuzz, the cops

   Synonym: polizia

Anagrams

• lupa

Maguindanao

Noun

pula

1. paddle

Malay

Alternative forms

• pulak (dialectal, colloquial)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /pulə/, /pulaʔ/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /pula/
• Rhymes: -ulə, -lə, -ə
• Rhymes: -a

Adverb

pula (Jawi spelling ڤولا)

1. in turn (having a relationship sequentially comparable to one just mentioned; accordingly or similarly; with respect to sequence, precedence, or hierarchy)
   • 2018 August 14, Mohamad Asyramisyanie, “39 pasukan bakal berentap [39 teams bound to compete]”, in Media Permata‎^[3], archived from the original on 30 October 2018:

     Bagi Kumpulan C pula akan disertai oleh Pasukan BSRC Veteran, PSJD, Rimba Star, IV Team (DST) dan Azadi FT. Dalam Kumpulan D pula akan disertai oleh Pasukan ITF, Manggis FC, SM FC, Mengelela FC dan PMS.

     Group C, in turn, will be joined by BSRC Veteran Team, PSJD, Rimba Star, IV Team (DST) and Azadi FT, while Group D, in turn, will be joined by ITF Team, Manggis FC, SM FC, Mengelela FC and PMS.

Further reading

• “pula” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Northern Sotho

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *mbúdà.

Noun

pula

1. rain

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

pula (present tense puler, past tense pulte, past participle pult, passive infinitive pulast, present participle pulande, imperative pul)

1. Alternative form of pule

Pipil

Etymology

From Spanish plátano (“plantain”).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): /ˈpula/

Noun

pula (plural pujpula)

1. plantain

   Asi se siwat wan se takat kiwikat se pula tishkal

   A woman and a man arrived and brought roasted plantain

Pitjantjatjara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpʊlɐ]

Pronoun

pula (third person dual, accusative pulanya, possessive/purposive pulampa, locative pulala)

1. they two

Related terms

Pitjantjatjara personal pronouns (nominative case)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
First person	ngayulu (I) Bound form: -ṉa	ngali (we two) Bound form: -li	nganaṉa (we, more than two) Bound form: -la
Second person	nyuntu (you) Bound form: -n	nyupali (you two)	nyura (you, more than two)
Third person	paluṟu (he/she/it)	pula (they two)	tjana (they, more than two) Bound form: -ya

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpu.la/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ula
• Syllabification: pu‧la

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French poule.

Noun

pula f

1. pool (supply of resources)
2. stake (wager or pledge)
3. (card games) pool, stakes, the pot (money available to be won)

   Synonym: stawka

Declension

Declension of pula

	singular	plural
nominative	pula	pule
genitive	puli	pul/puli
dative	puli	pulom
accusative	pulę	pule
instrumental	pulą	pulami
locative	puli	pulach
vocative	pulo	pule

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

pula

1. third-person singular present of pulać

Further reading

• pula in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• pula in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpu.lɐ/

• Hyphenation: pu‧la

Etymology 1

Noun

pula m (plural pulas)

1. pula (the currency of Botswana)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

pula

1. inflection of pular:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative
2. inflection of polir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Romanian

Etymology

Definite form of pulă, probably from Latin pulla, feminine of pullus (“offspring, child, cub, chick, etc.”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpula]

Adverb

pula

1. (vulgar, intensifies adjectives) fucking

   Sunt obosit în pula mea!

   I'm fucking tired!

Interjection

pula

1. (vulgar, slang) bullshit! (expression of disbelief)

   E ușor, pula!

   It's easy, bullshit!

Noun

pula

1. definite nominative/accusative singular of pulă

Romansch

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

pula f (plural pulas)

1. (Surmiran) butterfly, moth

Alternative forms

• bella (Sursilvan)
• bula (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan)

Synonyms

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Puter, Vallader) spler
• (Rumantsch Grischun) tgiralla
• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran) tschitta
• (Puter) chüralla
• (Vallader) splerin

Etymology 2

From Latin pulla (“hen”).

Noun

pula f (plural pulas)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan, Surmiran) hen

Synonyms

• (Rumantsch Grischun) giaglina
• (Sursilvan) gaglina
• (Sutsilvan) gagliegna
• (Surmiran) gagligna
• (Puter) gillina
• (Vallader) giallina

Sotho

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *mbúdà.

Noun

pula class 9/10 (plural lipula)

1. rain

Spanish

Verb

pula

1. inflection of pulir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Swedish

Etymology

From dialectal pula (“work, toil, pound, hit, have sex, mate, and more”). Compare Danish pule, Icelandic púla. Perhaps the same word as Middle Low German pulen (“extricate with the fingers”), and cognate with Old English pullian (“to pluck, pull”). See also pulla (“finger”).

Verb

pula (present pular, preterite pulade, supine pulat, imperative pula)

1. (colloquial) to tinker, to potter

   Synonyms: påta, pyssla

2. (with a particle like ner (“down”) or in (“in”)) to stuff (press, compressing or scrunching)

   Han pulade ner papperslappen i fickan

   He stuffed the piece of paper into his pocket

3. (colloquial, regional) to rub snow in someone's face

   Synonyms: snöpula, mula

Conjugation

Conjugation of pula (weak)

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	pula		pulas
Supine	pulat		pulats
Imperative	pula		—
Imper. plural1	pulen		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	pular	pulade	pulas	pulades
Ind. plural1	pula	pulade	pulas	pulades
Subjunctive2	pule	pulade	pules	pulades
	Participles
Present participle	pulande
Past participle	—
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

References

• pula in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• pula in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• pula in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• Fula Ordboken

Tagalog

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula. Compare Aklanon puea and Asi puya.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /puˈla/ [pʊˈla]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: pu‧la

Noun

pulá (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜎ)

1. red (color/colour)

Adjective

pulá (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜎ)

1. red (color/colour)

Derived terms

• himula
• kalabasang pula
• mamula
• mapula
• pula ng itlog
• pulahan
• pulang asukal
• pumula

 

See also

Colors in Tagalog · kulay (layout · text)

puti	abo, gris	itim
pula; krimson, pulang-pula	kahel; kayumanggi	dilaw; krema
kulay-dayap	lungti, lungtian, berde
turkesa	bughaw-langit, asul	bughaw, asul
lila, biyoleta; nila, tayom	mahenta; ube, morado, haban, purpura	rosas, kalimbahin

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈpulaʔ/ [ˈpuː.lɐʔ]
• Rhymes: -ulaʔ
• Syllabification: pu‧la

Noun

pulà (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜎ)

1. adverse criticism; act of finding fault with another

   Synonyms: pintas, pamimintas, pista, pamimista

Derived terms

• magpula
• pagpula
• pagpupula
• pulaan
• pulangit

 

See also

• puna

 

Anagrams

• ulap, Lupa, lupa

Tausug

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula.

Pronunciation

• (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA^(key): /pula/ [pʊˈla]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: pu‧la

Adjective

pula (Sulat Sūg spelling فُلَ)

1. red

Tswana

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *mbúdà.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpu.la/

Noun

pula class 9/10 (plural dipula)

1. rain
2. pula (currency)
3. a popular toast

Volapük

Noun

pula

1. genitive singular of pul

Waray-Waray

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula.

Adjective

pulá

1. red

West Makian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpu.l̪a/

Verb

pula

1. (ditransitive) to give

   Synonym: pi

2. (ditransitive) to sell

   Synonym: pi

Conjugation

Conjugation of pula (action verb)
		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		topula	mopula	apula
2nd person		nopula	fopula
3rd person	inanimate	ipula	dopula
	animate
imperative		nupula, pula	fupula, pula

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[4], Pacific linguistics

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-pula^?

1. (transitive) to rinse

   Synonyms: -hlambulula, -pulusha

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.