quartus

Latin

Latin numbers ^(edit)

	40
←  3	IV 4	5  →
Cardinal: quattuor     Ordinal: quārtus     Adverbial: quater     Proportional: quadruplus     Multiplier: quadruplex, quadriplex     Distributive: quaternus, quadrīnus     Collective: quaterniō     Fractional: quadrāns, teruncius

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeturtos ~ *kʷetwr̥tos (whence Ancient Greek τέταρτος (tétartos), Sanskrit चतुर्थ (caturtha), Proto-Balto-Slavic *ketwirtas and Proto-Germanic *fedurþô), from *kʷetwóres (“four”). Cognate to quadrus (“square”), from sense “four-sided”. For the phonetic development, De Vaan cites Schrijder positing *kʷtwr̥to- > (with voicing of t) *kʷdwr̥to- > *kʷadworto-, followed by dw > w (cf. suāvis). The resulting *kʷawortos would regularly become quārtus (cf. Māvors > Mārs).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈkʷaːr.tus/, [ˈkʷäːrt̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈkwar.tus/, [ˈkwärt̪us]

Numeral

quārtus (feminine quārta, neuter quārtum); first/second-declension numeral

1. fourth, the ordinal number after tertius and before quintus

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	quārtus	quārta	quārtum		quārtī	quārtae	quārta
genitive	quārtī	quārtae	quārtī		quārtōrum	quārtārum	quārtōrum
dative	quārtō	quārtae	quārtō		quārtīs
accusative	quārtum	quārtam	quārtum		quārtōs	quārtās	quārta
ablative	quārtō	quārtā	quārtō		quārtīs
vocative	quārte	quārta	quārtum		quārtī	quārtae	quārta

Derived terms

• quārtārius

Descendants

• Asturian: cuartu
• Catalan: quart
• Dutch: kwart
• English: quart, quarto
• → Esperanto: kvar
• French: quart
• Galician: carto, cuarto
• Italian: quarto
• Portuguese: quarto
• Sicilian: quartu
• Spanish: cuarto
• Swedish: kvart

References

• “quartus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “quartus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• quartus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• quartus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “quattuor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 505