rí

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ri"

Hungarian

Etymology

An onomatopoeia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈriː]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -riː

Verb

rí

1. (intransitive, literary, folksy) to weep

   Synonym: sír

2. (transitive, literary, folksy) to say something while weeping

Conjugation

conjugation of rí

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	rívok	rísz	rí	rívunk	rítok	rínak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	ríttam	ríttál	rítt	ríttunk	ríttatok	ríttak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. ríni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	rívék	rívál	ríva	rívánk	rívátok	rívának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. rí vala, rítt vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	rívandok	rívandasz	rívand	rívandunk	rívandotok	rívandanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	rínék	rínál	rína	rínánk	rínátok	rínának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rítt volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	ríjak	ríj or ríjál	ríjon	ríjunk	ríjatok	ríjanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rítt légyen
Infinitive	ríni		rínom	rínod	rínia	rínunk	rínotok	ríniuk
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	rívás		rívó	rítt	―	ríva (ríván)		ríkat

potential conjugation of rí

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	ríhatok	ríhatsz	ríhat	ríhatunk	ríhattok	ríhatnak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	ríhattam	ríhattál	ríhatott	ríhattunk	ríhattatok	ríhattak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	ríhaték	ríhatál	ríhata	ríhatánk	ríhatátok	ríhatának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. ríhat vala, ríhatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	ríhatandok or rívandhatok	ríhatandasz or rívandhatsz	ríhatand or rívandhat	ríhatandunk or rívandhatunk	ríhatandotok or rívandhattok	ríhatandanak or rívandhatnak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	ríhatnék	ríhatnál	ríhatna	ríhatnánk	ríhatnátok	ríhatnának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. ríhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	ríhassak	ríhass or ríhassál	ríhasson	ríhassunk	ríhassatok	ríhassanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. ríhatott légyen
Inf.	(ríhatni)		(ríhatnom)	(ríhatnod)	(ríhatnia)	(ríhatnunk)	(ríhatnotok)	(ríhatniuk)
Positive adjective			―	Neg. adj.	―	Adv. part.	(ríhatva / ríhatván)

With its uncommon transitive forms:

conjugation of rí

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	rívok	rísz	rí	rívunk	rítok	rínak
		Def.	rívom	rívod	ríja	ríjuk	ríjátok	ríják
		2nd-p. o.	rílak	―
	Past	Indef.	ríttam	ríttál	rítt	ríttunk	ríttatok	ríttak
		Def.	ríttam	ríttad	rítta	ríttuk	ríttátok	rítták
		2nd-p. o.	ríttalak	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. ríni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	rívék	rívál	ríva	rívánk	rívátok	rívának
		Def.	rívám	rívád	rívá	rívánk	rívátok	rívák
		2nd-p. o.	ríválak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. rí vala, rítt vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	rívandok	rívandasz	rívand	rívandunk	rívandotok	rívandanak
		Def.	rívandom	rívandod	rívandja	rívandjuk	rívandjátok	rívandják
		2nd-p. o.	rívandalak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	rínék	rínál	rína	rínánk	rínátok	rínának
		Def.	rínám	rínád	ríná	rínánk (or rínók)	rínátok	rínák
		2nd-p. o.	rínálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rítt volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	ríjak	ríj or ríjál	ríjon	ríjunk	ríjatok	ríjanak
		Def.	ríjam	rídd or ríjad	ríja	ríjuk	ríjátok	ríják
		2nd-p. o.	ríjalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rítt légyen
Infinitive	ríni		rínom	rínod	rínia	rínunk	rínotok	ríniuk
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	rívás		rívó	rítt	rívandó	ríva (ríván)		ríkat
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

potential conjugation of rí

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	ríhatok	ríhatsz	ríhat	ríhatunk	ríhattok	ríhatnak
		Def.	ríhatom	ríhatod	ríhatja	ríhatjuk	ríhatjátok	ríhatják
		2nd-p. o.	ríhatlak	―
	Past	Indef.	ríhattam	ríhattál	ríhatott	ríhattunk	ríhattatok	ríhattak
		Def.	ríhattam	ríhattad	ríhatta	ríhattuk	ríhattátok	ríhatták
		2nd-p. o.	ríhattalak	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	ríhaték	ríhatál	ríhata	ríhatánk	ríhatátok	ríhatának
		Def.	ríhatám	ríhatád	ríhatá	ríhatánk	ríhatátok	ríhaták
		2nd-p. o.	ríhatálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. ríhat vala, ríhatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	ríhatandok or rívandhatok	ríhatandasz or rívandhatsz	ríhatand or rívandhat	ríhatandunk or rívandhatunk	ríhatandotok or rívandhattok	ríhatandanak or rívandhatnak
		Def.	ríhatandom or rívandhatom	ríhatandod or rívandhatod	ríhatandja or rívandhatja	ríhatandjuk or rívandhatjuk	ríhatandjátok or rívandhatjátok	ríhatandják or rívandhatják
		2nd-p. o.	ríhatandalak or rívandhatlak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	ríhatnék	ríhatnál	ríhatna	ríhatnánk	ríhatnátok	ríhatnának
		Def.	ríhatnám	ríhatnád	ríhatná	ríhatnánk (or ríhatnók)	ríhatnátok	ríhatnák
		2nd-p. o.	ríhatnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. ríhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	ríhassak	ríhass or ríhassál	ríhasson	ríhassunk	ríhassatok	ríhassanak
		Def.	ríhassam	ríhasd or ríhassad	ríhassa	ríhassuk	ríhassátok	ríhassák
		2nd-p. o.	ríhassalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. ríhatott légyen
Inf.	(ríhatni)		(ríhatnom)	(ríhatnod)	(ríhatnia)	(ríhatnunk)	(ríhatnotok)	(ríhatniuk)
Positive adjective			ríható	Neg. adj.	ríhatatlan	Adv. part.	(ríhatva / ríhatván)

Derived terms

• kirí → kirívó
• riad
• rian
• riaszt
• rikácsol
• rikolt
• rimánkodik
• riog
• riogat
• ripakodik
• rivalg
• rivall
• ríkat
• rívás

Compound words

• sír-rí

 

(With verbal prefixes):

• kirí
• lerí

Further reading

• rí in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Anagrams

• ír

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish rí, from Old Irish rí, from Proto-Celtic *rīxs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾˠiː/

Noun

rí m (genitive singular rí, nominative plural ríthe)

1. king (male monarch)
2. king (in chess; in cards; in checkers/draughts)

Declension

Declension of rí (fourth declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative rí ríthe vocative a rí a ríthe genitive rí ríthe dative rí ríthe forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an rí na ríthe genitive an rí na ríthe dative leis an rí don rí leis na ríthe

• Superseded spelling of genitive singular: ríogh
• Superseded spelling of dative singular: rígh
• Alternative nominative plural: ríogha
• Alternative genitive plural: ríogh

Coordinate terms

• banríon

Derived terms

• iníon rí (“princess”)
• leasrí (“viceroy”)
• mac rí (“prince”)
• Nás na Ríogh (“Naas”)
• rí-ulchabhán (“eagle owl”)
• Rián (“Ryan”)
• rímháistreacht (“virtuosity”)
• ríocht (“kingdom”)
• ríoga (“royal”)
• ríshliocht (“dynasty”)
• ríúil (“kingly”)
• Ruairí (“Rory”)
• soitheach an rí (“cutter (boat)”)
• uirrí (“tributary king”)

 

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “rí”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 567
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “rí”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “rí”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “rí”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Macanese

Etymology

From Portuguese rir.

Verb

rí

1. to laugh

   rí qui istripâ ― to split one's sides laughing (literally, “to laugh until the guts turn over”)

   nê-bôm fazê iou rí ― don't make me laugh

References

• https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm

Middle Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish rí, from Proto-Celtic *rīxs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”), which is derived from *h₃reǵ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r͈ʲiː/

Noun

rí m (genitive ríg, nominative plural ríg)

1. king

Quotations

• c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:

  Boí rí amra for Laignib, .i. Mac Dathó a ainm.

  There was a wonderful king over the Leinstermen; Mac Dathó was his name.

Coordinate terms

• rígan (“queen”)

Derived terms

• rígad
• rígaid
• rígdacht
• rígdae

 

Descendants

• Irish: rí
• Manx: ree
• Scottish Gaelic: rìgh

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “rí”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *rīxs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”), which is derived from *h₃reǵ-. Cognates include Sanskrit राज् (rāj, “king”), राजन् (rājan), and Latin rēx (“king”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [r͈ʲiː]

Noun

rí m (genitive ríg, nominative plural ríg)

1. king

Declension

Masculine g-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	rí	rígL	ríg
Vocative	rí	rígL	ríga
Accusative	rígN	rígL	ríga
Genitive	ríg	ríg	rígN
Dative	rígL	rígaib	rígaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Quotations

• c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 85^d7

  amtis forbristi ind ríg [translating principibus oppressis]

  when the kings were oppressed

• c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 127^d6

  in tan ro·mmemaid ré nAbracham forsna cóic ríga bertar Loth a Sodaim

  when the five kings who carried Lot from Sodom had been routed by Abraham

Synonyms

• ruiri

Coordinate terms

• rígain (“queen”)

Derived terms

• rígdae

Descendants

• Middle Irish: rí
  • Irish: rí
  • Manx: ree
  • Scottish Gaelic: rìgh

Mutation

Mutation of rí

radical	lenition	nasalization
rí also rrí after a proclitic ending in a vowel	rí pronounced with /r(ʲ)-/	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “rí”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language