radiate

English

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin radiātus, perfect passive participle of radiō (“to radiate, furnish with spokes, give out rays, radiate, shine”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from radius (“a spoke, ray”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹeɪdieɪt/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Verb

radiate (third-person singular simple present radiates, present participle radiating, simple past and past participle radiated)

1. To extend, send or spread out from a center like radii.
   • 1948 November and December, “Crewe M.P.D. to be Modernised”, in Railway Magazine, page 372:

     Crewe North Motive Power Depot is to be modernised completely. This includes the provision of a new coaling plant, ash handling plant, and two new locomotive sheds of the latest roundhouse type, each with 32 roads radiating from a 70-ft. dia. turntable.

   • 1994, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Parliamentary Debates:

     Oban is not a terminus; its routes radiate by sea, rail and road.

   • 2021 May 19, Philip Haigh, “Doncaster enhancements relying on DfT approval”, in RAIL, number 931, page 30:

     Doncaster is a rail hub in every sense. Passenger lines radiate in six directions, there are freight lines that bypass the station, extensive freight yards, a major works, and a rolling stock depot.

2. (transitive) To emit rays or waves.

   The stove radiates heat.

3. (intransitive) To come out or proceed in rays or waves.

   The heat radiates from a stove.

   • 1706, John Locke, Elements of Natural Philosophy:

     Light radiates from luminous bodies directly to our eyes.

   • 1988, Douglas Adams, The Long Dark Tea-Time of the Soul, William Heinemann Ltd, page 139:

     She raised her head, and carefully opened her eyes again, staring directly into the orange glow radiating through the thick glass.

4. (transitive) To illuminate.
5. To expose to ionizing radiation, such as by radiography.
6. (transitive) To manifest oneself in a glowing manner.
   • 1978 August 19, Harold Pickett, “New York, New York”, in Gay Community News, volume 6, number 5, page 8:

     Slim, sensual Richard Hell radiates a commanding coolness.

7. (ecology, intransitive) To spread into new habitats, migrate.

Synonyms

• (to expose to radiation): irradiate

Derived terms

• radiator
• x-radiate

Related terms

• radial
• radiation
• radiative
• radio
• radius
• ray

Translations

to extend from a center

• Finnish: säteillä (fi)
• Italian: irradiare
• Serbo-Croatian: zráčiti (sh)

to emit rays or waves

• Azerbaijani: saçmaq
• Bulgarian: излъчвам (bg) (izlǎčvam)
• Finnish: säteillä (fi)
• Greek: ακτινοβολώ (el) (aktinovoló)
• Hebrew: קָרַן (he) (qarán)
• Maori: hana, hahana
• Romanian: iradia (ro)
• Serbo-Croatian: zráčiti (sh)
• Spanish: irradiar (es)

to come out or proceed in rays

• Finnish: säteillä (fi)
• Persian: فرتابیدن (fartâbidan)
• Serbo-Croatian: zráčiti (sh)

to illuminate

• Bulgarian: осветявам (bg) (osvetjavam)
• Finnish: valaista (fi)
• Romanian: ilumina (ro)
• Serbo-Croatian: osvijétliti (sh)

to expose to ionizing radiation

• Bulgarian: облъчвам (bg) (oblǎčvam)
• Czech: ozářit
• Finnish: säteilyttää (fi), altistaa säteilylle
• German: strahlen (de)
• Greek: ακτινοβολώ (el) (aktinovoló)
• Serbo-Croatian: ozráčiti (sh)

to manifest in a glowing manner

• Finnish: säteillä (fi)
• Greek: ακτινοβολώ (el) (aktinovoló)

to spread into new habitats

• Finnish: levitä (fi), levittäytyä (fi)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} radii
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} lysa upp, ^{(please verify)} stråla (sv), ^{(please verify)} upplysa (sv), ^{(please verify)} utstråla

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Latin radiātus (see Etymology 1 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹeɪdieɪt/, /ˈɹeɪdi.ət/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Adjective

radiate (comparative more radiate, superlative most radiate)

1. Radiating from a center; having rays or parts diverging from a center; radiated.

   a radiate crystal

2. Surrounded by rays, such as the head of a saint in a religious picture; (heraldry) radiant.
   • 1915, Guy Cadogan Rothery, A. B. C. of Heraldry, page 240:

     […] and (2) the radiate or Eastern crown, usually five rays being shown. The see of Ely bears the apocryphal coat of St. Ethelreda: gules, three open crowns or. Azure, three open crowns or, are the arms of […]

   • 2005, Rebecca R. Raines, Signal Corps, Department of the Army, page 117:

     On a wreath of the colors argent and tenné four lightning flashes barbed radiate pilewise of the first, a Roman helm or garnished gules.

3. (botany) Having parts radiating from the center, like the petals in many flowers.
4. (botany) Consisting of a disc in which the florets are tubular.
5. (biology) Having radial symmetry, like a sea star.
6. (zoology) Belonging to the Radiata.

Translations

radiating from a center

• Bulgarian: радиален (radialen)
• Finnish: säteilevä (fi)

surrounded by rays

• Finnish: säteilevä (fi)

having parts radiating from the center

• Finnish: säteittäinen (fi)

having radial symmetry

• Bulgarian: радиален (radialen)
• Finnish: säteittäinen (fi)

Etymology 3

From a substantivation of the above adjective through the associated taxon's name (Radiata), see -ate (noun-forming suffix).

Noun

radiate (plural radiates)

1. (zoology) One of the Radiata.

Further reading

• “radiate”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “radiate”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• “radiate”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

• airdate, ardaite, idea art, tiaraed

Esperanto

Adverb

radiate

1. present adverbial passive participle of radii

Italian

Etymology 1

Verb

radiate

1. second-person plural present subjunctive of radere

Etymology 2

Verb

radiate

1. inflection of radiare:
   1. second-person plural present indicative/subjunctive
   2. second-person plural imperative

Etymology 3

Participle

radiate f pl

1. feminine plural of radiato

Anagrams

• aderita, adirate, ardiate, datarie, daterai

Latin

Verb

radiāte

1. second-person plural present active imperative of radiō

Spanish

Verb

radiate

1. second-person singular voseo imperative of radiar combined with te