Wiktionary

rasti

See also: rastii, rastî, Rastî, and rästi

Finnish

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Etymology 1

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Possibly extracted from ristiin rastiin.[1] See risti for more.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈrɑsti/, [ˈrɑ̝s̠ti]
  • Rhymes: -ɑsti
  • Hyphenation(key): ras‧ti

Noun

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rasti

  1. X, cross (mark or sign that resembles the letter X)
    Synonyms: kruksi, ruksi, vinoristi, äksä
  2. (orienteering) checkpoint
  3. bugloss (plant of the genus, Anchusa)
  4. (aviation) fix
Usage notes
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rasti typically refers to a tilted cross (X). For the horizontal symbol (+), see risti.

Declension
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Inflection of rasti (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative rasti rastit
genitive rastin rastien
partitive rastia rasteja
illative rastiin rasteihin
singular plural
nominative rasti rastit
accusative nom. rasti rastit
gen. rastin
genitive rastin rastien
partitive rastia rasteja
inessive rastissa rasteissa
elative rastista rasteista
illative rastiin rasteihin
adessive rastilla rasteilla
ablative rastilta rasteilta
allative rastille rasteille
essive rastina rasteina
translative rastiksi rasteiksi
abessive rastitta rasteitta
instructive — rastein
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of rasti (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative rastini rastini
accusative nom. rastini rastini
gen. rastini
genitive rastini rastieni
partitive rastiani rastejani
inessive rastissani rasteissani
elative rastistani rasteistani
illative rastiini rasteihini
adessive rastillani rasteillani
ablative rastiltani rasteiltani
allative rastilleni rasteilleni
essive rastinani rasteinani
translative rastikseni rasteikseni
abessive rastittani rasteittani
instructive — —
comitative — rasteineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative rastisi rastisi
accusative nom. rastisi rastisi
gen. rastisi
genitive rastisi rastiesi
partitive rastiasi rastejasi
inessive rastissasi rasteissasi
elative rastistasi rasteistasi
illative rastiisi rasteihisi
adessive rastillasi rasteillasi
ablative rastiltasi rasteiltasi
allative rastillesi rasteillesi
essive rastinasi rasteinasi
translative rastiksesi rasteiksesi
abessive rastittasi rasteittasi
instructive — —
comitative — rasteinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative rastimme rastimme
accusative nom. rastimme rastimme
gen. rastimme
genitive rastimme rastiemme
partitive rastiamme rastejamme
inessive rastissamme rasteissamme
elative rastistamme rasteistamme
illative rastiimme rasteihimme
adessive rastillamme rasteillamme
ablative rastiltamme rasteiltamme
allative rastillemme rasteillemme
essive rastinamme rasteinamme
translative rastiksemme rasteiksemme
abessive rastittamme rasteittamme
instructive — —
comitative — rasteinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative rastinne rastinne
accusative nom. rastinne rastinne
gen. rastinne
genitive rastinne rastienne
partitive rastianne rastejanne
inessive rastissanne rasteissanne
elative rastistanne rasteistanne
illative rastiinne rasteihinne
adessive rastillanne rasteillanne
ablative rastiltanne rasteiltanne
allative rastillenne rasteillenne
essive rastinanne rasteinanne
translative rastiksenne rasteiksenne
abessive rastittanne rasteittanne
instructive — —
comitative — rasteinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative rastinsa rastinsa
accusative nom. rastinsa rastinsa
gen. rastinsa
genitive rastinsa rastiensa
partitive rastiaan
rastiansa 		rastejaan
rastejansa
inessive rastissaan
rastissansa 		rasteissaan
rasteissansa
elative rastistaan
rastistansa 		rasteistaan
rasteistansa
illative rastiinsa rasteihinsa
adessive rastillaan
rastillansa 		rasteillaan
rasteillansa
ablative rastiltaan
rastiltansa 		rasteiltaan
rasteiltansa
allative rastilleen
rastillensa 		rasteilleen
rasteillensa
essive rastinaan
rastinansa 		rasteinaan
rasteinansa
translative rastikseen
rastiksensa 		rasteikseen
rasteiksensa
abessive rastittaan
rastittansa 		rasteittaan
rasteittansa
instructive — —
comitative — rasteineen
rasteinensa
Derived terms
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compounds
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Further reading

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈrɑsti/, [ˈrɑ̝s̠ti] (third-person indicative)
  • IPA(key): /ˈrɑstiˣ/, [ˈrɑ̝s̠ti(ʔ)] (imperative, indicative connegative)
  • Rhymes: -ɑsti
  • Hyphenation(key): ras‧ti

Verb

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rasti

  1. inflection of rastia:
    1. third-person singular past indicative
    2. present active indicative connegative
    3. second-person singular present imperative
    4. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

References

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  1. ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

Anagrams

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Latvian

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Participle

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rasti

  1. nominative plural masculine of rasts

Lithuanian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rad-; compare Latvian rast. Can be connected with Proto-Slavic *rodìti (“give birth”); compare the reflexive, rastis (“appear, arise”).[1] Related to rasmė (“yield, harvest”).

There are two conflicting etymologies of this root. The first connects it with Proto-Germanic *rēdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange”); cf. ródyti. The second is a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥-edʰ- < *wer- (“twist, turn”); compare Slovene vȏrdati (“rummage, ransack”) < Proto-Slavic *vъrdati, Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉𐌽 (wratōn, “wander”), Old Norse rata (“find one's way”).[2]

Both etymologies are formally difficult, therefore we may in fact be dealing with a root *Hrodʰ-, unique to Balto-Slavic.[3]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ràsti (third-person present tense rañda, third-person past tense rãdo)

  1. (transitive, with accusative) find, discover
    Àš vakar̃ neradaũ kẽlio pàs jùs. - I couldn't find the way to your place yesterday.
  2. (about feelings, etc.) acquire, get
    Màno miñtys nerañda ãtilsio. - My thoughts find no rest.

Conjugation

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Conjugation of rasti
singular
(vienaskaita) 		plural
(daugiskaita)
1st person
(pirmasis asmuo) 		2nd person
(antrasis asmuo) 		3rd person
(trečiasis asmuo) 		1st person
(pirmasis asmuo) 		2nd person
(antrasis asmuo) 		3rd person
(trečiasis asmuo)
aš tu jis/ji mes jūs jie/jos
indicative
(tiesioginė
nuosaka) 		present
(esamasis laikas) 		randù randì rañda rañdame,
rañdam 		rañdate,
rañdat 		rañda
past
(būtasis kartinis
laikas) 		radaũ radaĩ rãdo rãdome,
rãdom 		rãdote,
rãdot 		rãdo
past frequentative
(būtasis dažninis
laikas) 		ràsdavau ràsdavai ràsdavo ràsdavome,
ràsdavom 		ràsdavote,
ràsdavot 		ràsdavo
future
(būsimasis laikas) 		ràsiu ràsi ràs ràsime,
ràsim 		ràsite,
ràsit 		ràs
subjunctive
(tariamoji nuosaka) 		ràsčiau ràstum,
ràstumei 		ràstų ràstumėme,
ràstumėm,
ràstume 		ràstumėte,
ràstumėt 		ràstų
imperative
(liepiamoji nuosaka) 		— ràsk,
ràski 		terañda,
terañdie 		ràskime,
ràskim 		ràskite,
ràskit 		terañda,
terañdie
Participles of rasti
Adjectival (dalyviai)
active passive
present rañdąs, rañdantis rañdamas
past rãdęs ràstas
past frequentative ràsdavęs —
future ràsiąs, ràsiantis ràsimas
participle of necessity — ràstinas
Adverbial
special (pusdalyvis) ràsdamas
half-participle
(padalyviai) 		present rañdant
past rãdus
past frequentative ràsdavus
future ràsiant
manner of action (būdinys) ràste, ràstinai

Derived terms

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terms derived from rasti
prefixed forms of rasti

References

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  1. ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “ràsti”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego‎[2] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, page 500
  2. ^ Zhanna Varbot (1980) “К реконструкции и этимологии некоторых праславянских глагольных основ и отглагольных имен. VIII (*vъrdati, *sęčati, *plęgti, *kužati и *kuža, *mъrx-/*mьrx- и *myrěti, *plixati) [Towards a reconstruction and etymology of certain Proto-Slavic verbal bases and derivatives]”, in Этимология 1978, Moscow, page 19: “*vъrdati”.
  3. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 437

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orsti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-. Compare Russian расти (rasti).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /râːsti/
  • Hyphenation: ra‧sti

Verb

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rȃsti impf (Cyrillic spelling ра̑сти)

  1. (intransitive) to grow
  2. (intransitive) to increase
  3. (intransitive) to accrue, to accumulate

Conjugation

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Conjugation of rasti
Infinitive: rasti Present verbal adverb: rástūći Past verbal adverb: — Verbal noun: —
Number Singular Plural
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Verbal forms ja ti on / ona / ono mi vi oni / one / ona
Present rastem rasteš raste rastemo rastete rastu
Future Future I rast ću1
rašću 		rast ćeš1
rašćeš 		rast će1
rašće 		rast ćemo1
rašćemo 		rast ćete1
rašćete 		rast će1
rašće
Future II bȕdēm rastao2 bȕdēš rastao2 bȕdē rastao2 bȕdēmo rasli2 bȕdēte rasli2 bȕdū rasli2
Past Perfect rastao sam2 rastao si2 rastao je2 rasli smo2 rasli ste2 rasli su2
Pluperfect3 bȉo sam rastao2 bȉo si rastao2 bȉo je rastao2 bíli smo rasli2 bíli ste rasli2 bíli su rasli2
Imperfect rastijah rastijaše rastijaše rastijasmo rastijaste rastijahu
Conditional I rastao bih2 rastao bi2 rastao bi2 rasli bismo2 rasli biste2 rasli bi2
Conditional II4 bȉo bih rastao2 bȉo bi rastao2 bȉo bi rastao2 bíli bismo rasli2 bíli biste rasli2 bíli bi rasli2
Imperative — rasti — rastimo rastite —
Active past participle rastao m / rasla f / raslo n rasli m / rasle f / rasla n
1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.

4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

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Slovene

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *orsti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ràːsti/
  • Hyphenation: rás‧ti

Verb

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rásti impf

  1. (intransitive) to grow
  2. (intransitive) to increase

Inflection

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Obstruent + -ti -em (AP b)
infinitive rásti
1st singular rástem, rásem
infinitive rásti rȁst
supine rȃst
verbal noun —
participle converb
present rastọ̄č, rasọ̄č —
past rȃščen —
l-participle masculine feminine neuter
singular rȃstəł, rȃsəł rástla, rásla rástlo, ráslo
dual rástla, rásla rástli, rásli rástli, rásli
plural rástli, rásli rástle, rásle rástla, rásla
present imperative
1st singular rástem, rásem —
2nd singular rásteš, ráseš rásti, rási
3rd singular ráste, ráse —
1st dual rásteva, ráseva rástiva, rásiva
2nd dual rásteta, ráseta rástita, rásita
3rd dual rásteta, ráseta —
1st plural rástemo, rásemo rástimo, rásimo
2nd plural rástete, rásete rástite, rásite
3rd plural rástejo, rásejo, rastọ́, rasọ́ —

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “rasti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024
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Note 5