retarder

English

Etymology

From retard +‎ -er.

Noun

retarder (plural retarders)

1. Something which retards or slows.

   Synonyms: bottleneck, inhibitor, retardant, limiter

   Antonyms: accelerant, promoter, quickener

   The substance acted as a retarder to the chemical reaction because it radically changed the pH.

   • 1999, Dale Crane, Fast-Track Test Guides for Aviation Maintenance: Airframe, page 147:

     Why is retarder used in dope when the dope is being sprayed in humid conditions? The retarder slows the drying of the dope and keeps it from blushing.

3. (mechanical engineering) A device for slowing down large trucks, lorries, buses, shunted railway wagons.
   • 1961 April, G. Freeman Allen, “The "Rheingold" goes via Cologne”, in Trains Illustrated, page 237:

     [...] unlike the latest British yards, Gremberg has only primary retarders, manually operated, a method that the hump operators apparently prefer to electro-pneumatic control because they can grade the braking pressure more accurately by feel.

4. (baking) A refrigerator used to slow down proofing of yeast when making dough.

Derived terms

• vapor retarder

Further reading

• Retarder (chemistry) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Retarder (mechanical engineering) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Retarder (railroad) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• retarred

French

Etymology

Inherited from Latin retardāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁə.taʁ.de/
• Homophones: retardai, retardé, retardée, retardées, retardés, retardez

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

retarder

1. to retard, slow down

   Sa bêtise nous a énormément retardé. ― His stupidity greatly slowed us down.

2. to postpone, put back

Conjugation

Conjugation of retarder (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	retarder
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	retardant /ʁə.taʁ.dɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		retardé /ʁə.taʁ.de/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	retarde /ʁə.taʁd/	retardes /ʁə.taʁd/	retarde /ʁə.taʁd/	retardons /ʁə.taʁ.dɔ̃/	retardez /ʁə.taʁ.de/	retardent /ʁə.taʁd/
	imperfect	retardais /ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/	retardais /ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/	retardait /ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/	retardions /ʁə.taʁ.djɔ̃/	retardiez /ʁə.taʁ.dje/	retardaient /ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/
	past historic2	retardai /ʁə.taʁ.de/	retardas /ʁə.taʁ.da/	retarda /ʁə.taʁ.da/	retardâmes /ʁə.taʁ.dam/	retardâtes /ʁə.taʁ.dat/	retardèrent /ʁə.taʁ.dɛʁ/
	future	retarderai /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁe/	retarderas /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁa/	retardera /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁa/	retarderons /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɔ̃/	retarderez /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁe/	retarderont /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	retarderais /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/	retarderais /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/	retarderait /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/	retarderions /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁjɔ̃/	retarderiez /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁje/	retarderaient /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	retarde /ʁə.taʁd/	retardes /ʁə.taʁd/	retarde /ʁə.taʁd/	retardions /ʁə.taʁ.djɔ̃/	retardiez /ʁə.taʁ.dje/	retardent /ʁə.taʁd/
	imperfect2	retardasse /ʁə.taʁ.das/	retardasses /ʁə.taʁ.das/	retardât /ʁə.taʁ.da/	retardassions /ʁə.taʁ.da.sjɔ̃/	retardassiez /ʁə.taʁ.da.sje/	retardassent /ʁə.taʁ.das/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	retarde /ʁə.taʁd/	—	retardons /ʁə.taʁ.dɔ̃/	retardez /ʁə.taʁ.de/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• retardataire
• retardateur
• retardé
• retardement

Further reading

• “retarder”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Latin

Verb

retarder

1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of retardō

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rəˈtɑːrər/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ər
• Hyphenation: re‧tard‧er

Noun

retarder m

1. indefinite plural of retard

Anagrams

• traderer

Old French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin retardō.

Verb

retarder

1. (transitive) to retard; to delay; to make late
   • li qel paiement par la dite encheson ad esté uncore retardez, Bretigny 28.18

     The aforementioned payment by the same occasion has again been delayed

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-d, *-ds, *-dt are modified to t, z, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of retarder (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		retarder			avoir retardé
gerund		en retardant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		retardant
past participle		retardé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	retart	retardes	retarde	retardons	retardez	retardent
	imperfect	retardoie, retardeie, retardoe, retardeve	retardoies, retardeies, retardoes, retardeves	retardoit, retardeit, retardot, retardeve	retardiiens, retardiens	retardiiez, retardiez	retardoient, retardeient, retardoent, retardevent
	preterite	retardai	retardas	retarda	retardames	retardastes	retarderent
	future	retarderai	retarderas	retardera	retarderons	retarderoiz, retardereiz, retarderez	retarderont
	conditional	retarderoie, retardereie	retarderoies, retardereies	retarderoit, retardereit	retarderiiens, retarderiens	retarderiiez, retarderiez	retarderoient, retardereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	retart	retarz	retart	retardons	retardez	retardent
	imperfect	retardasse	retardasses	retardast	retardissons, retardissiens	retardissoiz, retardissez, retardissiez	retardassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	retarde	—	retardons	retardez	—

Descendants

• → English: retard
• French: retarder
• Norman: r'tèrgi