Wiktionary

ri

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ri"
Languages (31)
English
Albanian • Anguthimri • Dalmatian • Danish • Esperanto • French • Galician • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Hausa • Igbo • Italian • Japanese • Javanese • Kabuverdianu • Lashi • Makasar • Mandarin • Nabi • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Javanese • Portuguese • Scottish Gaelic • Sumerian • Tocharian A • Tunica • Vietnamese • Welsh • Yoruba • Zazaki
Page categories

English

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Etymology

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From the McCune-Reischauer romanization of Korean 리 (ri), from Mandarin Chinese 里 (lǐ).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ri (plural ris or li)

  1. (Units of measure) Synonym of li as a Korean unit of distance equivalent to about 393 m.
  2. (music) The solfeggio syllable used to indicate the sharp of the second note of a major scale, enharmonic to me.

Anagrams

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Albanian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Albanian *(h)eríja- 'of this time, from this time, presently, of now > new, recent', a derivative of Alb. herë '(one) time, hour' etc., which is an old loan-word from Latin hōra 'time, hour' etc.; the Albanian substantive is historically not compatible with a reconstruction Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥wo-, zero-grade of *h₁orwo- (compare Old English earu (“quick”), Tocharian B ārwer (“ready”), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥𐬙 (aruuant, “quick, brave”)), as has been proposed in the literature. According to R. Matasovic (A grammatical sketch of Albanian for students of Indo-European. Zadar 2018), the etymology of the adjective is controversial and has no accepted source or from substrate.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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i ri (feminine e re, masculine plural të rinj, feminine plural të reja)

  1. young
    një vajzë e re
    a young girl
  2. new
    filma të rinj
    new movies

References

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Neri, Sergio, Article ri (i), re (e) in: Bardhyl Demiraj, Olav Hackstein, Sergio Neri und Ania Omari. DPEWA, Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen“ (15.-18. Jh.), München 2018-2021 (https://www.dpwa.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/dictionary/?lemmaid=14385)

Anguthimri

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Noun

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ri

  1. (Mpakwithi) excrement

References

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  • Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 188

Dalmatian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin reus. Compare Italian rio, Romanian rău.

Adjective

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ri (feminine raja)

  1. bad

Danish

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Etymology

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From Middle Low German rigen (“to put in folds”), from or related to Old Saxon rekkian (“to extend”). Distantly related to Old Norse rekja (“to unfold, unwind”), hence a doublet of række (“to reach”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ri (imperative ri, present rir or rier, past riede, past participle riet)

  1. baste, tack (to sew with wide stitches to temporarily fasten pieces of cloth)

Derived terms

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Esperanto

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ri (accusative rin, possessive ria)

  1. (gender-neutral, nonstandard) they (singular). A gender-neutral singular third-person personal pronoun.
    • 1997, Liland Brajant ROS', “Pri Sennaciistaj postulatoj”, in soc.culture.esperanto‎[1] (Usenet):
      Kial gravas, kiu ri estas?
      Why is it important, who they are?
    • 2006, “Maldormemo mia”, in Eksenlime, performed by La Perdita Generacio:
      Najbaro laboranta en la sama laborejo / En la bela domo ri ne pentras plu
      A neighbor working in the same workplace / In the beautiful house they don't paint anymore
    • 2014, Roland Bonkorpa, “Fiinsulo”, in Beletra Almanako, number 21, New York, N.Y.: Mondial, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 32:
      Ri estis la plej pacienca kaj inteligenta hundo, kiun mi iam renkontis.
      They were the most patient and intelligent dog I had ever met.

Usage notes

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In 1976, the gender-neutral pronoun ri was presented for the first time alongside the pronouns li (he) and ŝi (she). Until about 2010, it remained a seldom used experimental word, but after 2010 its use has increased significantly, especially in youth circles in Western countries. Comparable to English epicene pronouns. Also read about gender reform in Esperanto. Alternatives include expanding the use of the demonstrative pronoun tiu (“that one”) or using the similarly proscribed ŝli.

Synonyms

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  • (neologism, non standard) ŝli

Holonyms

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Derived terms

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French

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Pronunciation

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Participle

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ri (feminine rie, masculine plural ris, feminine plural ries)

  1. past participle of rire

Galician

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Verb

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ri

  1. inflection of rir:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative
  2. (reintegrationist norm) inflection of rir:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. first-person singular preterite indicative
    3. second-person singular imperative

Guinea-Bissau Creole

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Etymology

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From Portuguese rir. Cognate with Kabuverdianu ri.

Verb

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ri

  1. to laugh

Hausa

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Pronunciation

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Ideophone

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r̃ī̀

  1. people or animals moving as a group

Igbo

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Pronunciation

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  • (inherent tone): IPA(key): /rí/

Verb

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ri

  1. to eat, to absorb.
    Ha na-eri nri.
    They are eating food.
    • 2019, Bịabụlụ Nsọ nʼIgbo Ndị Ugbu a, Biblica Inc., Luke 24:43:
      O we nara ya, rie n'iru ha.
      He then took it and ate it in front of them.
  2. to acquire.

Italian

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Adjective

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ri m

  1. masculine plural of rio

Anagrams

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Japanese

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Romanization

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ri

  1. The hiragana syllable り (ri) or the katakana syllable リ (ri) in Hepburn romanization.

Javanese

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Romanization

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ri

  1. Romanization of ꦫꦶ

Kabuverdianu

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Etymology

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From Portuguese rir.

Verb

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ri

  1. to laugh

Lashi

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Pronunciation

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Particle

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ri

  1. Turns the preceding word into an accusative.

References

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  • Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎[2], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Makasar

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di, from Proto-Austronesian *di.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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ri (Lontara spelling ᨑᨗ)

  1. general preposition (in, at, to etc.)

Mandarin

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Romanization

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ri

  1. Nonstandard spelling of rī.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of rì.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Nabi

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Noun

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ri

  1. woman

References

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  • transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

Norwegian Bokmål

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse hríð.

Noun

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ri (definite singular, indefinite plural, definite plural)

  1. attack, sudden pain or mood
  2. a short while

Etymology 2

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From Old Norse ríða.

Alternative forms

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Verb

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ri (imperative ri, present tense rir, simple past red or rei, past participle ridd, present participle riende)

  1. to ride (an animal, e.g. a horse)

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse hríð.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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ri f (definite singular ria, indefinite plural rier, definite plural riene)

  1. attack, sudden pain or mood
  2. a short while
  3. period with harsh weather
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Old Norse ríða, from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną.

Alternative forms

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Verb

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ri (present tense rir, past tense rei, past participle ridd or ridt or ride, present participle ridande, imperative ri)

  1. to ride (an animal)
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References

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Anagrams

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Old Javanese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi

Noun

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ri

  1. thorn
  2. thorny plant
Alternative forms
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Descendants
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  • Javanese: ꦫꦶ (ri)

Etymology 2

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Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di, from Proto-Austronesian *di. Compare Makasar ri (ᨑᨗ).

Particle

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ri

  1. prepositional particle
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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  • Rhymes: -i

Verb

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ri

  1. inflection of rir:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. first-person singular preterite indicative
    3. second-person singular imperative

Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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From Middle Irish fri (“towards, against”), from Old Irish fri. Cognates include Irish fré and Manx rish.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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ri (+ dative, no mutation, before the definite article ris)

  1. to, against, with
    ris a' ghaoith ― against the wind
  2. up
    chaidh iad ris an leathad ― they went up the hillside
  3. as (with cho)
    Tha Seòras cho righinn ri ròn. ― George is as tough as nails. (literally, “George is as tough as a seal.”)
  4. Used with a noun or verbal noun to express up to or involved in
    Bha a' chlann sin ri mì-mhodh. ― Those children were up to no good.
    Bha i an urra ris an losgadh anns a' Chròthais beagan bhliadhnachan an dèidh cogadh Iugoslabhach. ― She was responsible for the shooting in Croatia a few years after the Yugoslav War.

Usage notes

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  • In the Lewis dialect, ri is used instead of ag or a' before a verbal noun to form present participles:
    tha mi ri seinn ― I am singing (As opposed to tha mi a' seinn, which has the same meaning.)
  • Followed by a prepositional pronoun takes a passive voice meaning:
    Tha na h-eòin tarraingeach rin amharc. ― The birds are attractive to watch. (literally, “The birds are attractive to their watching.”)

Inflection

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Personal inflection of ri
Person: simple emphatic
singular first rium riumsa
second riut riutsa
third m ris ris-san
f rithe rithese
plural first rinn rinne
second ribh ribhse
third riutha riuthasan

Derived terms

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Sumerian

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Romanization

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ri

  1. Romanization of 𒊑 (ri)

Tocharian A

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Etymology

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From Old Chinese 里 (*rɯʔ). Cognate with Tocharian B rīye.[1]

Noun

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ri

  1. city

References

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  1. ^
    2003, Alexander Lubotsky, Sergey Starostin, “Turkic and Chinese loan words in Tocharian”, in Bauer, Brigitte L.M., Pinault, Georges-Jean, editors, Language in Time and Space: A Festschrift for Werner Winter on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday, pages 257-269:

Tunica

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Noun

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ri

  1. house, home, dwelling
  2. building
  3. nest, room

Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

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ri • (𱓜)

  1. (now chiefly in compounds, of stature) small; miniature

See also

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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Part of the r-series of demonstratives, along with rày, rứa, ru, sao.

Adverb

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ri • (夷, 𱓜)

  1. (Central Vietnam) like this
    Ao ni su ri.
    This pond is so deep.
See also
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Vietnamese demonstratives
Proximal
(*-iː) 		Distal 1
(*-iːʔ) 		Distal 2
(*-əːʔ) 		Distal 3/
Remote
(*-ɔːʔ) 		Interrogative
(rime was a rounded
back vowel)
Place, attributive1
n- 		ni
nì
này/nầy
nây 		nấy nớ nọ
(nó) 		nào
Place, nominal2
đ- 		đây đấy
(ấy) 		— đó đâu
Manner
r- 		ri
rày 		— rứa — ru
sao3
Extent 14
b- 		bây bấy — — bao
Extent 25
v- 		vầy vậy — — —
1 Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language).
2 Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”).
3 From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant).
4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”).
5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”).
Visibility/evidentiality6
Distal
(ngang) 		Remote
(huyền)
Northern-Southern kia
(cơ) 		kìa
(cờ)
Central tê tề
6 Originally, these demonstratives might have been used to assert that something is visible and/or verifiable. They have been bleached quite thoroughly and currently are usually used like other distal demonstratives. The biggest trace of their evidentiality might be in their usage as final particles, often in reduced forms cơ/cờ: [t]ừ đấy về tới Hà Nội, còn những ba cái cầu nữa cơ mà! ("From there to Hanoi, there're still three more bridges to cross!") (Ba ngày luân lạc, 1943).


Welsh

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Noun

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ri

  1. Soft mutation of rhi.

Mutation

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Mutated forms of rhi
radical soft nasal aspirate
rhi ri unchanged unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Yoruba

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /ɾí/

Noun

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rí

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.

See also

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Etymology 2

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Proposed to derive from Proto-Yoruboid *lí, cognate with Igala lí

Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /ɾí/

Verb

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rí

  1. (transitive) to see
  2. (intransitive) to look like
Synonyms
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Yoruba Varieties and Languages - rí (“to see”)
view map; edit data
Language FamilyVariety GroupVariety/LanguageLocationWords
Proto-Itsekiri-SEYSoutheast YorubaÀoÌdóànírí
ÌdànrèÌdànrèí
Ìjẹ̀búÌjẹ̀bú Òderí
Ìkòròdúrí
Ṣágámùrí
Ẹ̀pẹ́rí
Ìkálẹ̀Òkìtìpuparí
ÌlàjẹMahinrí
OǹdóOǹdóí
UsẹnUsẹnrí
ÌtsẹkírìÌwẹrẹrí
Proto-YorubaCentral YorubaÈkìtìÀdó Èkìtìrí
Àkúrẹ́rí
Ọ̀tùn Èkìtìrí
Ifẹ̀Ilé Ifẹ̀rí
ÌgbómìnàÌlá Ọ̀ràngúnrí
Ìfẹ́lódùn LGArí
Ìrẹ́pọ̀dùn LGArí
Ìsin LGArí
Ìjẹ̀ṣàIléṣàrí
Northwest YorubaÀwórìÈbúté Mẹ́tàrí
Ẹ̀gbáAbẹ́òkútarí
ÈkóÈkórí
ÌbàdànÌbàdànrí
ÌbàràpáIgbó Òràrí
Ìbọ̀lọ́Òṣogborí
ÌlọrinÌlọrinrí
OǹkóÌtẹ̀síwájú LGArí
Ìwàjówà LGArí
Kájọlà LGArí
Ìsẹ́yìn LGArí
Ṣakí West LGArí
Atisbo LGArí
Ọlọ́runṣògo LGArí
Ọ̀yọ́Ọ̀yọ́rí
Standard YorùbáNàìjíríàrí
Bɛ̀nɛ̀rí
Northeast Yoruba/OkunÌyàgbàYàgbà East LGArí
OwéKabbarí
Ede Languages/Southwest YorubaAnaSokoderí
ÌcàAgouarí
ÌdàácàIgbó Ìdàácàrí
Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí-ÌjèOnigbolorí
Ìjàkárí
Ifɛ̀Akpárérí
Atakpamérí
Bokorí
Moretanrí
Tchettirí
KuraAwotébilí
Partagorí
Northern NagoKamboleí
Manigrií
Note: This amalgamation of terms comes from a number of different academic papers focused on the unique varieties and languages spoken in the Yoruboid dialectal continuum which extends from eastern Togo to southern Nigeria. The terms for spoken varieties, now deemed dialects of Yorùbá in Nigeria (i.e. Southeast Yorùbá, Northwest Yorùbá, Central Yorùbá, and Northeast Yorùbá), have converged with those of Standard Yorùbá leading to the creation of what can be labeled Common Yorùbá (Funṣọ Akere, 1977). It can be assumed that the Standard Yorùbá term can also be used in most Nigerian varieties alongside native terms, especially amongst younger speakers. This does not apply to the other Nigerian Yoruboid languages of Ìṣẹkírì and Olùkùmi, nor the Èdè Languages of Benin and Togo.
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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rì

  1. (intransitive) to sink, to drown
  2. (transitive) to sink

Verb

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ri

  1. Alternative form of rì (“to sink”) used before object nouns

Zazaki

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Etymology

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From Proto-Iranian *rauda- (“appearance”) (with semantic shift "growth, development" > "appearance"), from Proto-Iranian *Hraud- (“to grow (bigger)”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”).[1][2]

Cognate with Persian رو (rû, “face”), Northern Kurdish rû (“face”), etc.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈɾi]
  • Hyphenation: ri

Noun

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ri

  1. face

References

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  1. ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2020) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 402
  2. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 193
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