sí
Asturian
editEtymology
editParticle
editsí
- yes (word used to indicate agreement or acceptance)
Catalan
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editParticle
editsí
Adverb
editsí
- the opposite of 'not'
- Synonym: hoc
- No parles català? – Sí que el parlo!
- Do you not speak Catalan? – I do speak it [Catalan]!
Usage notes
edit- Sí is used to add positive emphasis to the verb, much like the auxiliary do in affirmative sentences in English. It generally contrasts with a previous no, and is placed in the same location within the sentence. This is a usage the word shares with Spanish.
Antonyms
editSee also
editFurther reading
edit- “sí” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “sí”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “sí” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Fala
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese si (“yes”), from Latin sīc (“thus, so”), from Proto-Indo-European *so (“this, that”).
Adverb
editsí
Etymology 2
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese si, from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye.
Pronoun
editsí
- Reflexive prepositional pronoun; oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
See also
editnominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
References
editFaroese
editVerb
editsí
- imperative of síggja: behold
Ghomala'
editPronunciation
editRhymes: -i
Adverb
editsí
- on the ground
- (Can we add an example for this sense?)
Particle
editsí
- Marker of the Progressive aspect (with a focus on presence).
Adjective
editsí (lexical tone unattested)
- positive (for a test)
- Antonym: tə̌ sí pə́
- (please add the primary text of this usage example) ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Derived terms
editSee also
editReferences
edit- Erika Eichholzer (editor) et al, Dictionnaire ghomala’ (2002)
- K'ayyang Foba Maï, Processus de grammaticalisation en Ghomala’ (2021)
- Fezeu Molaping Franck Jordan (2019), The Skopos theory applied to subtitling of audiovisual programmes on the fight against HIV/AIDS and Malaria from French into Ghomala’
Hokkien
editFor pronunciation and definitions of sí – see 死 (“Die; death; Used as intensifier; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 死). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sí – see 始 (“beginning; start; to begin; to start; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 始). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sí – see 豕 (“pig; boar”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 豕). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sí – see 矢 (“arrow; to vow; to swear; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 矢). |
Hungarian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editBorrowed from German Schi (“ski”), originally from Norwegian ski (“ski”).
Noun
editsí (plural sík)
Declension
editInflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | sí | sík |
accusative | sít | síket |
dative | sínek | síknek |
instrumental | sível | síkkel |
causal-final | síért | síkért |
translative | sívé | síkké |
terminative | síig | síkig |
essive-formal | síként | síkként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | síben | síkben |
superessive | sín | síken |
adessive | sínél | síknél |
illative | síbe | síkbe |
sublative | síre | síkre |
allative | síhez | síkhez |
elative | síből | síkből |
delative | síről | síkről |
ablative | sítől | síktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
síé | síké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
síéi | síkéi |
Possessive forms of sí | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | sím | síjeim (or síim) |
2nd person sing. | síd | síjeid (or síid) |
3rd person sing. | síje | síjei (or síi) |
1st person plural | sínk | síjeink (or síink) |
2nd person plural | sítek | síjeitek (or síitek) |
3rd person plural | síjük | síjeik (or síik) |
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editAn onomatopoeia (sound imitation).
Verb
editsí
Conjugation
editClick for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | sívok | sísz | sí | sívunk | sítok | sínak | |
Def. | sívom | sívod | síja | síjuk | síjátok | síják | |||
2nd-p. o. | sílak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | síttam | síttál | sítt | síttunk | síttatok | síttak | ||
Def. | síttam | síttad | sítta | síttuk | síttátok | sítták | |||
2nd-p. o. | síttalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. síni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | sívék | sívál | síva | sívánk | sívátok | sívának | ||
Def. | sívám | sívád | sívá | sívánk | sívátok | sívák | |||
2nd-p. o. | síválak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. sí vala, sítt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | sívandok | sívandasz | sívand | sívandunk | sívandotok | sívandanak | ||
Def. | sívandom | sívandod | sívandja | sívandjuk | sívandjátok | sívandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | sívandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | sínék | sínál | sína | sínánk | sínátok | sínának | |
Def. | sínám | sínád | síná | sínánk (or sínók) |
sínátok | sínák | |||
2nd-p. o. | sínálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. sítt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | síjak | síj or síjál |
síjon | síjunk | síjatok | síjanak | |
Def. | síjam | sídd or síjad |
síja | síjuk | síjátok | síják | |||
2nd-p. o. | síjalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. sítt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | síni | sínom | sínod | sínia | sínunk | sínotok | síniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
sívás | sívó | sítt | sívandó | síva (síván) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | síhatok | síhatsz | síhat | síhatunk | síhattok | síhatnak | |
Def. | síhatom | síhatod | síhatja | síhatjuk | síhatjátok | síhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | síhatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | síhattam | síhattál | síhatott | síhattunk | síhattatok | síhattak | ||
Def. | síhattam | síhattad | síhatta | síhattuk | síhattátok | síhatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | síhattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | síhaték | síhatál | síhata | síhatánk | síhatátok | síhatának | ||
Def. | síhatám | síhatád | síhatá | síhatánk | síhatátok | síhaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | síhatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. síhat vala, síhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | síhatandok or sívandhatok | síhatandasz or sívandhatsz | síhatand or sívandhat | síhatandunk or sívandhatunk | síhatandotok or sívandhattok | síhatandanak or sívandhatnak | ||
Def. | síhatandom or sívandhatom | síhatandod or sívandhatod | síhatandja or sívandhatja | síhatandjuk or sívandhatjuk | síhatandjátok or sívandhatjátok | síhatandják or sívandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | síhatandalak or sívandhatlak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | síhatnék | síhatnál | síhatna | síhatnánk | síhatnátok | síhatnának | |
Def. | síhatnám | síhatnád | síhatná | síhatnánk (or síhatnók) |
síhatnátok | síhatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | síhatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. síhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | síhassak | síhass or síhassál |
síhasson | síhassunk | síhassatok | síhassanak | |
Def. | síhassam | síhasd or síhassad |
síhassa | síhassuk | síhassátok | síhassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | síhassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. síhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (síhatni) | (síhatnom) | (síhatnod) | (síhatnia) | (síhatnunk) | (síhatnotok) | (síhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | síható | Neg. adj. | síhatatlan | Adv. part. | (síhatva / síhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- ^ sí in Czuczor, Gergely and János Fogarasi: A magyar nyelv szótára (“A Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”). Pest: Emich Gusztáv Magyar Akadémiai Nyomdász, 1862–1874.
Further reading
edit- (ski): sí in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (to howl, cry): sí in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
editEtymology
editFrom Old Norse sí-, from Proto-Germanic *sin-.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editsí
Derived terms
edit- sí og æ (“always, permanently, continually”)
Irish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle Irish side, from Old Irish síd, from Proto-Celtic *sīdos (“mound (inhabited by fairies); peace”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēds, from *sed- (“to sit”). Doublet of síth.
Alternative forms
edit- sidhe, síodh (superseded)
Noun
editsí m (genitive singular sí, nominative plural síthe)
Declension
edit
|
Derived terms
edit- aos sí (“fairies”)
- bean sí (“banshee, fairy woman”)
- ceol sí (“fairy music; enchanting music”)
- dumha sí (“fairy mound”)
- leannán sí (“phantom lover”)
- long sí (“phantom ship”)
- sián (“fairy mound”)
- síbhean (“fairy woman”)
- síbhruíon (“fairy palace”)
- síofrach (“elfin, fairy-like”)
- síofróg (“elf-woman, fairy”)
- síofróireacht (“fairy lore”)
- sióg (“fairy”)
- síothshluagh (“fairy host, fairy army”)
- síscéal (“fairy-tale”)
- síúil (“fairy-like, elfin; weird”)
- slua sí (“fairy host”)
- solas sí (“misguiding light”)
Etymology 2
editFrom Old Irish sí, from Proto-Celtic *sī, from Proto-Indo-European *sih₂.
Pronoun
editsí (emphatic form sise, conjunctive)
See also
editNumber | Person (and gender) | Conjunctive (emphatic) |
Disjunctive (emphatic) |
Possessive determiner |
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | mé (mise) |
mo L m' before vowel sounds | |
Second | tú (tusa)1 |
thú (thusa) |
do L d' before vowel sounds | |
Third masculine | sé (seisean) |
é (eisean) |
a L | |
Third feminine | sí (sise) |
í (ise) |
a H | |
Third neuter | — | ea | — | |
Plural | First | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) |
ár E | |
Second | sibh (sibhse)1 |
bhur E | ||
Third | siad (siadsan) |
iad (iadsan) |
a E |
Mutation
editradical | lenition | eclipsis |
---|---|---|
sí | shí after an, tsí |
not applicable |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
edit- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sí”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 65
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “sí”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 síd, síth (‘fairy mound’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Lakota
editNoun
editsí
Old Irish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Celtic *sī (compare Welsh hi), from a blend of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this”) + *íh₂.
Pronoun
editsí
- she
- Sí fri gábud condon·fóir.
- May she protect us against danger.
- it (referring to a feminine noun)
- Is sí thol Dée.
- It is God's will.
Related terms
edit- sissi (emphatic)
Descendants
editEtymology 2
editSee síi.
Pronoun
editsí
- Alternative spelling of síi
Spanish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Latin sīc (est).
Particle
editsí
- yes (commonly used to respond affirmatively to a question)
- A syntactic marker for emphasis or to replace an earlier verb, allowing the speaker to avoid repeating the verb, both similar to English do
- Antonym: no
- "Les gusta el chocolate, ¿verdad?" "A mí sí, pero a él no."
- "You both like chocolate, right?" "I do, but he doesn't."
- (Spain) hello (used to answer the telephone)
Usage notes
edit- As an emphasis or pro-verb, this term has in Spanish a usage that is not usually explicitly translated into English, since it could sound like a pleonasm, being that "positively", "affirmatively", and always related to a negation (explicit or not):
- Él sí puede, yo no
- He (positively) can, I cannot.
- Esto sí es una fiesta.
- This sure is a party. / This is what I call a party.
- No sabemos si es sostenible, pero lo que sí sabemos es que funciona muy bien.
- We don't know if it's sustainable, but what we do know is that it works very well.
Derived terms
editNoun
editEtymology 2
editInherited from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye, dative of *swé (“self”). Cognate with French soi, Italian sé, and Portuguese si.
Pronoun
editsí
- himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself, yourselves (form of se used after prepositions)
- para sí ― for himself/herself/itself/themselves/yourself/yourselves
Derived terms
editSee also
editnominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
See also
editFurther reading
edit- “sí”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
- Asturian terms inherited from Latin
- Asturian terms derived from Latin
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian particles
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Rhymes:Catalan/i
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- Fala terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
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- Chinese lemmas
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- Rhymes:Hungarian/ʃiː
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- Hungarian terms borrowed from German
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- hu:Winter sports
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
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- Rhymes:Icelandic/iː
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- Icelandic lemmas
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- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sed-
- Irish terms inherited from Middle Irish
- Irish terms derived from Middle Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
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- ga:Folklore
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