san

See also: Appendix:Variations of "san"

Languages (48)

Translingual • English

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

san

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sanskrit.

See also

• Wiktionary's coverage of Sanskrit terms

English

Etymology 1

san

From Ancient Greek σάν (sán), from Semitic.

Noun

san (plural sans)

1. A letter of the Archaic Greek alphabet (uppercase Ϻ, lowercase ϻ) that came after pi and before qoppa.

Translations

letter of the Archaic Greek alphabet

• Catalan: san (ca) f
• Esperanto: sano (eo)
• French: san (fr) m
• Italian: san m or f
• Spanish: san (es) f

See also

• sigma
• San (letter) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

Shortening of sanatorium.

Pronunciation

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æn

Noun

san (plural sans)

1. (dated, informal) A sanatorium.
   • 1940, Enid Blyton, The Naughtiest Girl in the School:

     "Haven't you heard?" said Belinda. "Joan's ill! She'd got a high temperature, and she's in bed in the San."

   • 1958, Doris Lessing, A Ripple From the Storm, HarperPerennial, published 1995, page 122:

     ‘I was in the san for ten months before the war. I know all the gen about being sick.’

   • 2005, Dan Soucoup, Richard Thorne McCully, McCully's New Brunswick, page 137:

     River Glade Sanatorium, River Glade, June 25, 1931. The "San" at River Glade with the Petitcodiac River in the background.

See also

• eco-san
• san fairy ann (etymologically unrelated)

Anagrams

• ANS, NAS, NAs, NSA, SNA, ans, ans.

Afar

Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic *ʔisŋʷ-. Cognates include Hadiyya sane, Oromo funyaan, Sidamo sano, Somali san and Saho san.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsan/ [ˈsʌn]
• Hyphenation: san

Noun

sán m (plural sanitté f or sanwá f)

1. nose

References

• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 61

Atong (India)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

san

1. day

References

• van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈsan]

Noun

san f (plural sans)

1. San; the Archaic Greek letter Ϻ (lowercase ϻ)

Classical Nahuatl

Particle

san

1. Alternative spelling of zan

Cypriot Arabic

Etymology

From the diminutive of Arabic لِسَان (lisān).

Noun

san f (plural sanát)

1. tongue
2. language

Derived terms

• sanna

 

References

• Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 417

Dongxiang

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *sam, compare Mongolian сам (sam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑŋ/

Noun

san

1. comb

Dutch

Etymology

From Ancient Greek σάν (sán).

Noun

san c (plural san's, diminutive sannetje n)

1. san (archaic Greek letter)

Further reading

• san (letter) on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^nl

Finnish

Etymology

< Ancient Greek σάν (sán)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑn/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝n]
• Rhymes: -ɑn
• Hyphenation^(key): san

Noun

san

1. san (letter in Ancient Greek alphabet)

Declension

Inflection of san (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		san	sanit
genitive		sanin	sanien
partitive		sania	saneja
illative		saniin	saneihin
		singular	plural
nominative		san	sanit
accusative	nom.	san	sanit
	gen.	sanin
genitive		sanin	sanien
partitive		sania	saneja
inessive		sanissa	saneissa
elative		sanista	saneista
illative		saniin	saneihin
adessive		sanilla	saneilla
ablative		sanilta	saneilta
allative		sanille	saneille
essive		sanina	saneina
translative		saniksi	saneiksi
abessive		sanitta	saneitta
instructive		—	sanein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of san (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sanini sanini accusative nom. sanini sanini gen. sanini genitive sanini sanieni partitive saniani sanejani inessive sanissani saneissani elative sanistani saneistani illative saniini saneihini adessive sanillani saneillani ablative saniltani saneiltani allative sanilleni saneilleni essive saninani saneinani translative sanikseni saneikseni abessive sanittani saneittani instructive — — comitative — saneineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sanisi sanisi accusative nom. sanisi sanisi gen. sanisi genitive sanisi saniesi partitive saniasi sanejasi inessive sanissasi saneissasi elative sanistasi saneistasi illative saniisi saneihisi adessive sanillasi saneillasi ablative saniltasi saneiltasi allative sanillesi saneillesi essive saninasi saneinasi translative saniksesi saneiksesi abessive sanittasi saneittasi instructive — — comitative — saneinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sanimme sanimme accusative nom. sanimme sanimme gen. sanimme genitive sanimme saniemme partitive saniamme sanejamme inessive sanissamme saneissamme elative sanistamme saneistamme illative saniimme saneihimme adessive sanillamme saneillamme ablative saniltamme saneiltamme allative sanillemme saneillemme essive saninamme saneinamme translative saniksemme saneiksemme abessive sanittamme saneittamme instructive — — comitative — saneinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative saninne saninne accusative nom. saninne saninne gen. saninne genitive saninne sanienne partitive sanianne sanejanne inessive sanissanne saneissanne elative sanistanne saneistanne illative saniinne saneihinne adessive sanillanne saneillanne ablative saniltanne saneiltanne allative sanillenne saneillenne essive saninanne saneinanne translative saniksenne saneiksenne abessive sanittanne saneittanne instructive — — comitative — saneinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative saninsa saninsa accusative nom. saninsa saninsa gen. saninsa genitive saninsa saniensa partitive saniaan saniansa sanejaan sanejansa inessive sanissaan sanissansa saneissaan saneissansa elative sanistaan sanistansa saneistaan saneistansa illative saniinsa saneihinsa adessive sanillaan sanillansa saneillaan saneillansa ablative saniltaan saniltansa saneiltaan saneiltansa allative sanilleen sanillensa saneilleen saneillensa essive saninaan saninansa saneinaan saneinansa translative sanikseen saniksensa saneikseen saneiksensa abessive sanittaan sanittansa saneittaan saneittansa instructive — — comitative — saneineen saneinensa

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Latin sānus.

Adjective

san (feminine sana, masculine plural sans, feminine plural sanes) (ORB, broad)

1. healthy

Derived terms

• santât

References

• sain in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• san in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): /san/

Noun

san m (plural san)

1. san (Greek letter)

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): /sɑ̃/
• Homophones: cent, cents, sang, sangs, sans, sens, sent

Etymology

Blend of son +‎ sa.

Determiner

san n (singular, plural ses)

1. (gender-neutral, neologism) his, her, their, its

   Je connais très bien san partenaire.

   I know their partner wery well.

Related terms

French possessive determiners

			Possessee
			singular		plural
			m	f
Possessor	singular	1st	mon1	ma	mes
		2nd	ton1	ta	tes
		3rd	son1	sa	ses
	plural	1st	notre		nos
		2nd	votre2		vos2
		3rd	leur		leurs

¹ Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.

² Also used as the polite singular form.

For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologisms man, tan, san. These are extremely rare.

See also

• iel
• man
• tan

Anagrams

• ans

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin sānus.

Adjective

san

1. healthy, sound

Related terms

• sanetât

Galician

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsaŋ/ [ˈs̺ɑŋ]
• Rhymes: -aŋ

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese san, from Latin sanctus. Cognate with Portuguese são and Spanish san.

Alternative forms

• San

Adjective

san m (apocopate, standard form santo)

1. (before nouns which began by a consonant) Apocopic form of santo (“saint”)

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese são (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin sānus. Cognate with Portuguese são and Spanish sano.

Alternative forms

• sao

Adjective

san (feminine sa, masculine plural sans, feminine plural sas)

1. healthy, sound
   • 1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada, Romance:

     Ay Jesús! miña Joiña!
     non falemos nesto mais,
     que dá grima sò o pensalo,
     Deus vos garde bo é san.
     Santiago. Febreiro doce
     Aÿ! que non sey que me dà,
     que me esfraquezo de todo,
     è non podo vafexàr.

     Oh, Jesus! My Jewel!
     Let's not talk about this anymore
     because it brings creeps just to think about it.
     God take care of you, safe and sound.
     Santiago, February twelve
     Oh!, I don't know what happens to me
     I'm totally weakening
     and I can't breathe

Related terms

• sandar

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “são”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “san”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “são”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “san”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “san”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “san”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Garifuna

Etymology

Probably from French cent.

Numeral

san

1. hundred

Haitian Creole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sã/

Etymology 1

From French cent (“hundred”).

Numeral

san

1. hundred

Etymology 2

From French sang (“blood”).

Noun

san

1. blood

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of san – see 山 (“mountain; hill; hill-shaped object; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 山).

Irish

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”), from Proto-Celtic *in sindū/sindai (“in the m sg/f sg dative”), *in sindom/sindam (“into the m sg/f sg accusative”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˠən̪ˠ/, /sˠənˠ/ (before a, o, u, fha, fho, fhu)
• IPA^(key): /sˠənʲ/ (before e, i, fhe, fhi)

Contraction

san

1. preposition i + definite article an: in the (singular)

Usage notes

Used before vowel sounds and f (which lenites); (otherwise, sa is used):

• san amhrán ― in the song
• san fhocal ― in the word

Often understood to be a contraction of ins an, but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while ins is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.

Related terms

Irish preposition contractions

Basic form	Contracted with							Copular forms
	an (“the sg”)	na (“the pl”)	mo (“my”)	do (“your”)	a (“his, her, their; which (present)”)	ár (“our”)	ar (“which (past)”)	(before consonant)	(present/future before vowel)	(past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”)	den	de na desna*	de mo dem*	de do ded*, det*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
do (“to, for”)	don	do na dosna*	do mo dom*	do do dod*, dot*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
faoi (“under, about”)	faoin	faoi na	faoi mo	faoi do	faoina	faoinár	faoinar		faoinarb	faoinarbh
i (“in”)	sa, san	sna	i mo im*	i do id*, it*	ina	inár	inar		inarb	inarbh
le (“with”)	leis an	leis na	le mo lem*	le do led*, let*	lena	lenár	lenar		lenarb	lenarbh
ó (“from, since”)	ón	ó na ósna*	ó mo óm*	ó do ód*, ót*	óna	ónár	ónar		ónarb	ónarbh
trí (“through”)	tríd an	trí na	trí mo	trí do	trína	trínár	trínar		trínarb	trínarbh
*Dialectal.

Further reading

• Osborn Bergin (1916) “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, →DOI, →JSTOR, §67, page 17
• McKenna, Lambert, editor (1944), Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “san”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• “san”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˠən̪ˠ/, /sˠənˠ/

Determiner

san

1. (nonstandard) Alternative form of sin (“that”) (used after a broad consonant)

   an fear san ― that man (standard: an fear sin)

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsan/
• Rhymes: -an
• Hyphenation: sàn

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

san m or f (uncountable)

1. san (Greek letter)

Etymology 2

• see santo

Noun

san m (apocopated)

1. (used before a consonant) Apocopic form of santo saint

   San Pietro ― Saint Peter

See also

• sant', santo

Japanese

Romanization

san

1. Rōmaji transcription of さん
2. Rōmaji transcription of サン

Karaim

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sā-. Compare to Turkish san, Southern Altai сагыш (sagïš), etc.

Noun

san

1. number

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “san”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Khasi

Khasi cardinal numbers

<  4	5	6  >
Cardinal : san

Etymology

From Proto-Khasian *san. Compare Pnar san, Lyngngam san, War-Jaintia san.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /san/

Numeral

san

1. five

Verb

san

1. to grow up

References

• Singh, U Nissor (1906) Khasi-English dictionary‎^[2], Shillong: Eastern Bengal and Assam Secretariat Press, page 183. Searchable online at SEAlang.net.

Kuna

Noun

san

1. meat

Lombard

Etymology

Akin to Italian sano, from Latin sanus.

Adjective

san

1. healthy

Mandarin

Romanization

san (san⁵／san⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄙㄢ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠮿

san

1. Nonstandard spelling of sān.
2. Nonstandard spelling of sǎn.
3. Nonstandard spelling of sàn.

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

Etymology 1

A contracted form of earlier sægen, from Old English sæċġan, alternative form of seċġan.

Verb

sãn

1. Alternative form of seien

Etymology 2

From Old French san, alternative form of senz.

Preposition

san

1. Alternative form of saunz

Norman

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin sum, from Classical Latin suum.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Jersey):

  (file)

Determiner

san m

1. (Jersey) his, her, its (used to qualify masculine nouns)

North Frisian

Etymology 1

From Old Frisian sunne f. Cognates include West Frisian sinne. The change of gender in Föhr-Amrum dialect has to do with the general merger of the feminine into the neuter, during which process a number of feminines became masculine instead.

Noun

san m or f

1. (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) sun

   A san gungt up. ― The sun rises.

   A san gungt oner. ― The sun sets.

Usage notes

• Masculine on Föhr and Amrum, feminine in Mooring.

Alternative forms

• Sen (Sylt)

Etymology 2

From Old Frisian sīn.

Determiner

san (feminine and neuter sin, plural sin)

1. (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) his (third-person singular masculine possessive determiner)
2. (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) its (third-person singular neuter posssessive determiner)
3. (Föhr-Amrum) her (third-person singular feminine possessive determiner)

Alternative forms

• (her): harn (Mooring), höör (Sylt)

Pronoun

san (feminine and neuter sin, plural (Föhr-Amrum) sinen or (Mooring) sin)

1. (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) his (third-person singular masculine possessive pronoun)
2. (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) its (third-person singular neuter posssessive pronoun)
3. (Föhr-Amrum) hers (third-person singular feminine possessive pronoun)

Alternative forms

• (her): harn (Mooring), höör (Sylt)

See also

Personal and possessive pronouns (Föhr-Amrum dialect)

		personal				possessive
		subject case		object case		masculine referent	feminine / neuter referent	plural referent
		full	reduced	full	reduced			attributive	independent
singular	1st	ik	'k	mi		man	min		minen
	2nd	dü	–	di		dan	din		dinen
	3rd m.	hi	'r	ham	'n	san	sin		sinen
	3rd f. / n.	hat	at, 't		at, 't
plural	1st	wi	'f	üs		üüs			üüsen
						üsens
	2nd	jam	'm	jam		jau			jauen
						jamens
	3rd	jo	's	jo	's	hör			hören
						hörens
notes		The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. Dual forms wat / onk and jat / jonk are obsolete, as is feminine jü / hör. Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents. The forms üsens, jamens, hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation.

Personal and possessive pronouns (Mooring dialect)

		personal				possessive
		subject case		object case		masculine referent	feminine / neuter / plural referent
		full	reduced	full	reduced
singular	1st	ik	'k	me		man	min
	2nd	dü	–	de		dan	din
	3rd m.	hi	'r	ham	'n	san	sin
	3rd f.	jü	's	har	's	harn	har
	3rd n.	hat	et, 't	ham	et, 't	san	sin
plural	1st	we		üs		üüsen	üüs
	2nd	jam	'm	jam		jarnge
	3rd	ja	's	ja, jam	's	jare
notes		The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. Dual forms wat / unk and jat / junk are obsolete. Attributive and independent possessives are not distinguished in Mooring.

Personal and possessive pronouns (Sylt dialect)

		personal				possessive
		subject case		object case		singular referent	plural referent
		full	reduced	full	reduced		attributive	independent
singular	1st	ik	'k	mi		min		minen
	2nd	dü	–	di		din		dinen
	3rd m.	hi	'r	höm	'n	sin		sinen
	3rd f.	jü	's	höör	's	höör		höören
	3rd n.	hat	et, 't	höm	et, 't	sin		sinen
dual	1st	wat		unk				unken
	2nd	at		junk				junken
	3rd	jat		jam	's	jaar		jaaren
plural	1st	wü		üüs				üüsen
	2nd	i		juu				juuen
	3rd	ja	's	jam	's	jaar		jaaren
notes		The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects. Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.

Etymology 3

Derived from the third-person plural and subjunctive of the present of Old Frisian wesa. Compare Old English sind, Dutch zijn, German sein, sind.

Verb

san

1. (Föhr-Amrum) first-person singular present of wees
2. (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) plural present of wees(e)

Alternative forms

• (1st person): ban (Mooring), sen (Sylt)
• (plural): sen (Sylt)

Old Czech

Alternative forms

• saň, saně

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sanь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈsan/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈsan/

Noun

san f or m animal

1. dragon

   Synonym: drak

Declension

Declension of san (i-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	san	sani	sani
genitive	sani	saňú	saní
dative	sani	sanma	sanem
accusative	san	sani	sani
vocative	sani	sani	sani
locative	sani	saňú	sanech
instrumental	saňú	sanma	sanmi

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Declension of san (i-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	san	sani	sanie
genitive	sani	saňú	saní
dative	sani	sanma	sanem
accusative	san, sani	sani	sani
vocative	sani	sani	sanie
locative	sani	saňú	sanech
instrumental	sanem	sanma	sanmi

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Declension of san (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	san	sany	sani, sanové
genitive	sana, sanu	sanú	sanóv
dative	sanu, sanovi	sanoma	sanóm
accusative	san, sana	sany	sany
vocative	sane	sany	sani, sanové
locative	saně, sanu, sanovi	sanú	saniech
instrumental	sanem	sanoma	sany

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Related terms

• sáni

 

Descendants

• Czech: saň

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “san”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old French

Noun

san oblique singular, m (oblique plural sans, nominative singular sans, nominative plural san)

1. Alternative form of sens

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀲𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• सन् (Devanagari script)
• সন্ (Bengali script)
• සන් (Sinhalese script)
• သန် or သၼ် (Burmese script)
• สนฺ or สัน (Thai script)
• ᩈᨶ᩺ (Tai Tham script)
• ສນ຺ or ສັນ (Lao script)
• សន៑ (Khmer script)
• 𑄥𑄚𑄴 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit श्वन् (śvan).

Noun

san m

1. dog

Declension

Only consensus forms are shown.

Declension table of "san" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	sā	sā
Accusative (second)	(uncertain)	sāne
Dative (fourth)	sassa	sānaṃ
Genitive (sixth)	sassa	sānaṃ
Vocative (calling)	sa	sā

Descendants

• → Thai: สา (sǎa)

References

• Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “san”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Pnar

Pnar cardinal numbers

<  4	5	6  >
Cardinal : san     Ordinal : wa san

Etymology

From Proto-Khasian *san, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *suun ~ *suən ~ *sən; cognate with Khasi san, Mang han², Mon မသုန် (pəsɔn) and Proto-Palaungic *pəsan (whence Riang [Lang] kʰan¹ and Danau θʊn⁴).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /san/

Numeral

san

1. (cardinal number) five

Rohingya

Alternative forms

• 𐴏𐴝𐴕 (san) — Hanifi Rohingya script

Etymology

From Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra); cognate with Bengali চাঁদ (cãd).

Noun

san (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴝𐴕)

1. moon

Romani

Verb

san

1. second-person singular present indicative of si

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”).

Preposition

san

1. in the

   san anmoch ― in the evening

   san fhad-ùine ― in the long run

   san t-seanchas ― in conversation

   san achadh bhuan ― in the harvest field

Usage notes

• This form is not used before nouns beginning with b, c, g, m or p, where sa is used instead.
• If followed by f, the f is lenited:

  facal - word,

  san fhacal - in the word.

• Often understood to be a contraction of anns an, but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while anns is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.

Related terms

• ann an
• anns

References

• Osborn Bergin (1916) “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, →DOI, →JSTOR, §67, page 17
• McKenna, Lambert, editor (1944), Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *súpnas, from Proto-Indo-European *supnós.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sân/

Noun

sȁn m (Cyrillic spelling са̏н)

1. sleep
2. dream

   Šta si videla u tom snu? ― What did you see in that dream?

   • 1993, Bajaga i Instruktori (lyrics and music), “Ovo je Balkan”, in Bajaga i Instruktori (lyrics), Muzika na struju‎^[3], performed by Bajaga i Instruktori, Produkcija Stig:

     Ovo je ovde Balkan,
     Zemlja iz sna,
     Između moćnih sila
     Dobra i zla.

     This here is the Balkans
     A land from dreams
     Between powerful forces
     Good and evil.

Declension

Declension of san

	singular	plural
nominative	sȁn	snȏvi / snȉ
genitive	snȁ	snȏvā
dative	snȕ	snȏvima / snȉma
accusative	sȁn	snȏve / snȅ
vocative	snȅ	snȏvi / snȉ
locative	snȕ	snȏvima / snȉma
instrumental	snȍm	snȏvima / snȉma

Derived terms

• sȁnak
• sànen
• sánjati
• snòvati
• snȉti
• snòvid
• snȍvit

References

• “san”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Somali

Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic *ʔisŋʷ-. Cognates include Afar san, Hadiyya sane, Oromo funyaan, Saho san and Sidamo sano.

Noun

san ?

1. nose

References

• san Afmaal Somali-English Dictionary.

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsan/ [ˈsãn]
• Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: san

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• San (in proper nouns, capitalized)

Noun

san m (plural sanes)

1. (Dominican Republic) financial, temporal-savings scheme; the participants periodically contribute a quota to a communal pot that is given to one member, based on his/her turn amongst all the others

Adjective

san m (apocopate, standard form santo)

1. (before the noun) Apocopic form of santo (“saint”)

Usage notes

• Not used in front names beginning with To- or Do- syllables like Tomás, Tomé, Toribio, and Domingo. Santo is used instead.

Etymology 2

Noun

san f (plural sanes)

1. san; the Greek letter M, ϻ

Further reading

• “san”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈsan/ [ˈsan̪]
• Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: san

Pronoun

san (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔)

1. Informal form of saan.

Tatar

Noun

san

1. number
2. shin, hind leg
3. limb

Ter Sami

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian са́ни (sáni).

Noun

san

1. sledge, sleigh

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[4], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English sun.

Noun

san

1. sun
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:15:

     God i mekim kamap tupela bikpela lait. Bikpela em san bilong givim lait long de, na liklik em mun bilong givim lait long nait. Na God i mekim kamap ol sta tu.

     →New International Version translation

Derived terms

• sankamap

Torres Strait Creole

Etymology

From English sun.

Noun

san

1. sun

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish صان (san), a derivation from Proto-Turkic *sā- (“to count”). Related to say- (“to count”) and san- (“to consider”).

Noun

san (definite accusative sanı, plural sanlar)

1. name
2. reputation

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	san
Definite accusative	sanı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	san	sanlar
Definite accusative	sanı	sanları
Dative	sana	sanlara
Locative	sanda	sanlarda
Ablative	sandan	sanlardan
Genitive	sanın	sanların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular sanım sanlarım 2nd singular sanın sanların 3rd singular sanı sanları 1st plural sanımız sanlarımız 2nd plural sanınız sanlarınız 3rd plural sanları sanları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular sanımı sanlarımı 2nd singular sanını sanlarını 3rd singular sanını sanlarını 1st plural sanımızı sanlarımızı 2nd plural sanınızı sanlarınızı 3rd plural sanlarını sanlarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular sanıma sanlarıma 2nd singular sanına sanlarına 3rd singular sanına sanlarına 1st plural sanımıza sanlarımıza 2nd plural sanınıza sanlarınıza 3rd plural sanlarına sanlarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular sanımda sanlarımda 2nd singular sanında sanlarında 3rd singular sanında sanlarında 1st plural sanımızda sanlarımızda 2nd plural sanınızda sanlarınızda 3rd plural sanlarında sanlarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular sanımdan sanlarımdan 2nd singular sanından sanlarından 3rd singular sanından sanlarından 1st plural sanımızdan sanlarımızdan 2nd plural sanınızdan sanlarınızdan 3rd plural sanlarından sanlarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular sanımın sanlarımın 2nd singular sanının sanlarının 3rd singular sanının sanlarının 1st plural sanımızın sanlarımızın 2nd plural sanınızın sanlarınızın 3rd plural sanlarının sanlarının
Predicative forms Singular Plural 1st singular sanım sanlarım 2nd singular sansın sanlarsın 3rd singular san sandır sanlar sanlardır 1st plural sanız sanlarız 2nd plural sansınız sanlarsınız 3rd plural sanlar sanlardır

Derived terms

• ad san

Related terms

• saymak
• sanmak

Further reading

• “san”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu

Venetan

Etymology

From Latin sanus.

Adjective

san

1. healthy

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [saːn˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂaːŋ˧˧] ~ [saːŋ˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʂaːŋ˧˧] ~ [saːŋ˧˧]

Verb

san

1. to flatten
2. to make equal

Derived terms

Derived terms

• san bằng
• san lấn
• san lấp
• san phẳng
• san sẻ

 

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Cognate with Igala ra

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sã̄/

Verb

san

1. to pay

   Ó ti san owó orí ìyàwó. ― He has paid the bride price.

Derived terms

• sanwó

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sã̀/

Verb

sàn

1. to be good; to be well

   Synonyms: dára, yááyì

   Ó sàn kí a sinmi. ― It's good that we rest.

2. to heal

   Ọgbẹ́ ti sàn. ― The wound has healed.

Derived terms

• wò sàn (“to heal”)
• àìsàn (“sickness”)

 

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sã́/

Verb

sán

1. (with àrá (“thunder”)) to thunder

   Àrá ń sán. ― Thunder is striking.

Etymology 4

Compare Nupe sán (“to split; to ache (head)”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sã́/

Verb

sán

1. to crack; to split

   Òkúta ti sán. ― The rock has split.

2. (with orí (“head”)) to ache

   Synonym: fọ́

   Orí ń sán mi. ― My head is aching me.

Zhuang

Etymology

From Proto-Tai *saːn. Cognate with Thai สาน (sǎan), Northern Thai ᩈᩣ᩠ᨶ, Lao ສານ (sān), Lü ᦉᦱᧃ (ṡaan), Khün ᩈᩣ᩠ᨶ, Shan သၢၼ် (sǎan), Ahom 𑜏𑜃𑜫 (san).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /θaːn˨˦/
• Tone numbers: san¹
• Hyphenation: san

Verb

san (1957–1982 spelling san)

1. to weave