si-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "si"

Choctaw

Prefix

si- (except before a/o sa-, class II first-person singular)

1. the direct object of an active transitive verb

   me

2. the subject of a stative intransitive verb

   I

3. indicates possession of a noun

   my

Usage notes

Class II person markers are used for possession only for a small set of words, mostly including kinship terms and body parts.

Inflection

Choctaw Person Markers

			class I			class II		class III		class N		imperative
			+s	+C	+V	+C/i	+a/o	+C	+V	+C	+V	+C	+V
first-person	singular	initial	-li			sa-	si-	a̱-	am-	ak-		n/a
		medial						-sa-	-sam-
	paucal		ī-		il-	pi-		pi̱-	pim-	kī-	kil-
	plural					hapi-		hapi̱-	hapim-
second-person	singular		is-	ish-		chi-		chi̱-	chim-	chik-		∅
	plural		has-	hash-		hachi-		hachi̱-	hachim-	hachik-		ho-	oh-
third-person			∅			∅		i̱-	im-	ik-

Chuukese

Prefix

si-

1. First-person plural inclusive subject marker for tense modifying adverbs.

Navajo

Prefix

si-

1. my, me

Usage notes

This is an alternative form of shi- which comes about in some words as a result of coronal harmony. See, for example, sikʼis, sitsilí. This once firm rule has become optional, and today most Navajo speakers actually prefer to ignore the rules of sibilant (coronal) harmony, especially when there is relatively greater distance between the 1st-person shi- and the alveolar sibilant in the root.

See also

Navajo possessive pronouns

			singular	dual	plural
1st person			shi-	nihi-	danihi-
2nd person			ni-	nihi-	danihi-
3rd person			bi-
4th person (3o)			yi-
4th person (3a)			ha-, hw-
Indefinite person (3i)			a-

Northern Ndebele

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

Prefix

si-

1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

Prefix

si-

1. us; first-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

Prefix

si-

1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

Phuthi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

Prefix

si-

1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

Prefix

si-

1. us; first-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-kɪ̀-.

Prefix

si-

1. Class 7 noun prefix.

Etymology 4

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

Prefix

si-

1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

Southern Ndebele

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

Prefix

si-

1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

Prefix

si-

1. us; first-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

Prefix

si-

1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Prefix

si-

1. I do not, 1st person singular negative subject concord

   Antonym: ni-

See also

Swahili personal pronouns (m-wa class_(I/II))

Number	Person	Independent	Subject concord		Object concord	Combined forms			Possessive
			affirmative	negative		na	ndi-	si-
Singular	First	mimi	ni-	si-	-ni-	nami, na mimi	ndimi, ndiye	simi, siye	-angu
	Second	wewe	u-	hu-	-ku-	nawe, na wewe	ndiwe, ndiye	siwe, siye	-ako
	Third	yeye	a-, yu-	ha-, hayu-	-m-, -mw-, -mu-	naye, na yeye	ndiye	siye	-ake
Plural	First	sisi	tu-	hatu-	-tu-	nasi, na sisi	ndisi, ndio	sio	-etu
	Second	ninyi	m-, mw-, mu-	ham-, hamw-, hamu-	-wa-	nanyi, na ninyi	ndinyi, ndio	sinyi, sio	-enu
	Third	wao	wa-	hawa-	-wa-	nao	ndio	sio	-ao
Reflexive		—	—		-ji-	—			—
For a full table including other classes, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Etymology 2

Prefix

si-

1. the negative emphatic copula or negative focusing copula: expresses "it is not" with an inflected object

   Antonym: ndi-

Inflection

Emphatic copula negative (si-)

		Singular	Plural
1st person		simi, siye	sio
2nd person		siwe, siye	sinyi, sio
3rd person	m-wa(I/II)	siye	sio
	m-mi(III/IV)	sio	siyo
	ji-ma(V/VI)	silo	siyo
	ki-vi(VII/VIII)	sicho	sivyo
	n(IX/X)	siyo	sizo
	u(XI)	sio	see n(X) or ma(VI)
	ku(XV/XVII)	siko
	pa(XVI)	sipo
	mu(XVIII)	simo
For a full table, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

See also

• Swahili grammar#Emphatic copula

Swazi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

Prefix

si-

1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

Prefix

si-

1. us; first-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-kɪ̀-.

Prefix

si-

1. Class 7 noun prefix.

Etymology 4

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

Prefix

si-

1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

Tabaru

Prefix

si-

1. applicative prefix

Tocharian A

Verb

si-

1. to drain

Tocharian B

Verb

si-

1. to drain

Xhosa

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

Prefix

si-

1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

Prefix

si-

1. us; first-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

Prefix

si-

1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

Prefix

si-

1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

Prefix

sí-

1. us; first-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀-.

Prefix

si-

1. Class 7 simple noun prefix.

Etymology 4

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

Prefix

sí-

1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “si-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “si-”