singen
Cimbrian
editVerb
editsingen
- to sing
References
edit- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
German
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German singen, from Old High German singan, from Proto-West Germanic *singwan, from Proto-Germanic *singwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sengʷʰ-.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editsingen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present singt, past tense sang, past participle gesungen, past subjunctive sänge, auxiliary haben)
- to sing
- 1931, Arthur Schnitzler, Flucht in die Finsternis, S. Fischer Verlag, page 38:
- Er ging rasch und sicher, trällerte vor sich hin, endlich begann er sogar zu singen mit einer schönen dunklen Stimme, die ihm selber fremd vorkam.
- He walked fast and firmly, trilled to himself, finally he even started to sing in a beautiful dark voice, which seemed unfamiliar to himself.
Conjugation
editinfinitive | singen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | singend | ||||
past participle | gesungen | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich singe | wir singen | i | ich singe | wir singen |
du singst | ihr singt | du singest | ihr singet | ||
er singt | sie singen | er singe | sie singen | ||
preterite | ich sang | wir sangen | ii | ich sänge1 | wir sängen1 |
du sangst | ihr sangt | du sängest1 du sängst1 |
ihr sänget1 ihr sängt1 | ||
er sang | sie sangen | er sänge1 | sie sängen1 | ||
imperative | sing (du) singe (du) |
singt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
editLow German
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Low German singen, from Old Saxon singan.
Verb
editsingen (past singular sung, past participle sungen, auxiliary verb hebben)
- (Low Saxon) to sing
Conjugation
editinfinitive | singen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | sing | sung |
2nd person singular | sings(t) | sungs(t) |
3rd person singular | sing(t) | sung |
plural | singt, singen | sungen |
imperative | present | — |
singular | sing | |
plural | singt | |
participle | present | past |
singen | (e)sungen, gesungen | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
Middle Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Old Dutch singan, from Proto-West Germanic *singwan.
Verb
editsingen
- to sing
Inflection
editStrong class 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | singen | |
3rd sg. past | sanc | |
3rd pl. past | songen | |
Past participle | gesongen | |
Infinitive | singen | |
In genitive | singens | |
In dative | singene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | singe | sanc |
2nd singular | sincs, singes | soncs, songes |
3rd singular | sinct, singet | sanc |
1st plural | singen | songen |
2nd plural | sinct, singet | sonct, songet |
3rd plural | singen | songen |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | singe | songe |
2nd singular | sincs, singes | songes |
3rd singular | singe | songe |
1st plural | singen | songen |
2nd plural | sinct, singet | songet |
3rd plural | singen | songen |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | sinc, singe | |
Plural | sinct, singet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | singende | gesongen |
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- “singhen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “singen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old English singan (“to sing”). Cognate with Middle Dutch singen, Middle High German singen, Old Swedish siunga, and Crimean Gothic singhen.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editVerb
editsingen
- To sing (something); to produce (certain) noises with one's voice:
- To produce chants or other sung verse (especially of a religious nature).
- a. 1380, John Wycliffe, Of feyned contemplatif lif, of song, of þe ordynal of salisbury, & of bodely almes & worldly bysynesse of prestis; hou bi þes foure þe fend lettiþ hem fro prechynge of þe gospel[1]:
- Þan were matynys & masse & euen song, placebo & dirige & comendacion & matynes of oure lady ordeyned of synful men, to be songen wiþ heiȝe criynge to lette men fro þe sentence & vnderstondynge of þat þat was þus songen, & to maken men wery & vndisposid to studie goddis lawe for akyng of hedis […]
- Then there were matins, mass, evensong, placebo, dirges, commendations, and matins of Our Lady, which originated from sinful men, to be sung with high-pitched shrieking to keep people from the meaning and understanding of that which was sung, as to make men weary and unsuited to study God's law because of headaches […]
- To explicate or narrate in song.
- To cry in agony; to produce lamentations.
- To produce birdsong or a similar noise.
- To produce chants or other sung verse (especially of a religious nature).
- To talk, recite, or declare (especially in a particular way or manner):
- To use or play a musical instrument.
- To make the sound of a musical instrument.
- To undergo agony or sorrow.
- (rare) To make an animal sound.
Conjugation
editinfinitive | (to) singen, singe | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | singe | sang | |
2nd-person singular | singest | sunge, sange, sang | |
3rd-person singular | singeth | sang | |
subjunctive singular | singe | sunge1, sange1 | |
imperative singular | — | ||
plural2 | singen, singe | sungen, sunge, sangen, sange | |
imperative plural | singeth, singe | — | |
participles | singynge, singende | sungen, sunge |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Conjugation
edit- “singen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-09-20.
Related terms
editDescendants
editEtymology 2
editVerb
editsingen
- Alternative form of synnen
Middle High German
editEtymology
editInherited from Old High German singan.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editsingen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present singet, past tense sanc, past participle gesungen, past subjunctive sünge, auxiliary hān)
- to sing
Conjugation
editinfinitive | singen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
genitive gerund | singennes singenes | ||||
dative gerund | singenne singene | ||||
present participle | singende | ||||
past participle | gesungen | ||||
auxiliary | hān | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich singe | wir singen | i | ich singe | wir singen |
du singest | ir singet | du singest | ir singet | ||
ër singet | sie singent | ër singe | sie singen | ||
preterite | ich sanc | wir sungen | ii | ich sünge | wir süngen |
du sünge | ir sunget | du süngest | ir sünget | ||
ër sanc | sie sungen | ër sünge | sie süngen | ||
imperative | sinc (du) | singet (ir) |
Descendants
edit- Alemannic German:
- Swabian:
- Sathmar Swabian: singe
- Swabian:
- Bavarian: singa
- Cimbrian: singen
- Central Franconian:
- Hunsrik: singe
- German: singen
- Luxembourgish: sangen
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pennsylvania German: singe
- Yiddish: זינגען (zingen)
References
edit- Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “singen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
Old English
editPronunciation
editVerb
editsingen
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Cimbrian verbs
- cim:Music
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:German/ɪŋn̩
- Rhymes:German/ɪŋn̩/2 syllables
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German strong verbs
- German class 3 strong verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German terms with quotations
- de:Music
- Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Low German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German
- Low German terms derived from Middle Low German
- Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Low German lemmas
- Low German verbs
- Low German class 3 strong verbs
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch verbs
- Middle Dutch class 3 strong verbs
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English verbs
- Middle English terms with quotations
- Middle English terms with rare senses
- Middle English class 3 strong verbs
- enm:Animal sounds
- enm:Emotions
- enm:Music
- enm:Poetry
- enm:Religion
- enm:Talking
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Old High German
- Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle High German lemmas
- Middle High German verbs
- Middle High German strong verbs
- Middle High German class 3 strong verbs
- Middle High German verbs using hān as auxiliary
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English non-lemma forms
- Old English verb forms