stranger

English

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒɚ/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒə/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪnd͡ʒə(ɹ)

Etymology 1

Adjective

stranger

1. comparative form of strange: more strange

   Truth is stranger than fiction.

Etymology 2

From Middle English straunger, from Old French estrangier (“foreign, alien”), from estrange, from Latin extraneus (“foreign, external”) (whence also English estrange), from extra (“outside of”). Cognate with French étranger (“foreigner, stranger”) and Spanish extranjero (“foreigner”). Displaced native Old English fremde (literally “strange or unfamiliar person”).

Noun

stranger (plural strangers)

1. A person whom one does not know; a person who is neither a friend nor an acquaintance.

   That gentleman is a stranger to me.

   Children are taught not to talk to strangers.

   • 1892, Walter Besant, chapter III, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:

     In former days every tavern of repute kept such a room for its own select circle, a club, or society, of habitués, who met every evening, for a pipe and a cheerful glass. […] Strangers might enter the room, but they were made to feel that they were there on sufferance: they were received with distance and suspicion.

2. An outsider or foreigner.
   • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

     I am a most poor woman and a stranger, / Born out of your dominions.

   • 1726, George Granville, Written in a Garden in the North:

     Melons on beds of ice are taught to bear, / And strangers to the sun yet ripen here.

   • 1952 May, George Santayana, “I Like to Be a Stranger”, in The Atlantic‎^[1]:

     I like to be a stranger myself—it was my destiny; but I wish to be the only stranger.

3. One not admitted to communion or fellowship.
4. A newcomer.
   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

     […] St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London. Close-packed, crushed by the buttressed height of the railway viaduct, rendered airless by huge walls of factories, it at once banished lively interest from a stranger's mind and left only a dull oppression of the spirit.

   • 1950 April, Timothy H. Cobb, “The Kenya-Uganda Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 263:

     The first thing that strikes the stranger is the sharpness of the curves on the metre gauge; it is not unusual for a long train to be travelling in three directions at once, and the engine is frequently in full view of the windows of the ninth or tenth carriage.

   • 2023 June 17, Emma Smith, “Malta 0-4 England”, in BBC Sport‎^[2]:

     Wearing number 66 for his club side, Alexander-Arnold is no stranger to an unusual shirt number. Regardless, the sight of the right-back wearing 10 in central midfield for England was guaranteed to catch the eye.

5. (humorous) Used ironically to refer to a person who the speaker knows.

   Hello, stranger!

6. (obsolete) One not belonging to the family or household; a guest; a visitor.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     To honour and receive / Our heavenly stranger.

7. (law) One not privy or party to an act, contract, or title; a mere intruder or intermeddler; one who interferes without right.

   Actual possession of land gives a good title against a stranger having no title.

   • 1980 August 9, Jil Clark, “Lesbian Mother Fights For Son”, in Gay Community News, page 1:

     [Judge Beverly] Davis then granted the adoption to the new wife of the boy's father; this action designated the boy's natural mother a "legal stranger," terminating all rights the mother had to visit her child.

8. (obsolete) A superstitious premonition of the coming of a visitor by a bit of stalk in a cup of tea, the guttering of a candle, etc.

Synonyms

• (person whom one does not know):
• (newcomer): newbie, newcomer; see also Thesaurus:newcomer or Thesaurus:beginner

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “person whom one does not know”): acquaintance, friend
• (antonym(s) of “outsider, foreigner”): compatriot, countryman, fellow citizen, fellow countryman, national, resident
• (antonym(s) of “newcomer”):

Hyponyms

• (outsider, foreigner): alien, foreigner, foreign national, non-national/nonnational, non-resident/nonresident, outsider; see also Thesaurus:foreigner or Thesaurus:outcast

Derived terms

• be no stranger to
• don't be a stranger
• familiar stranger
• perfect stranger
• stranger crime
• stranger danger
• stranger in the night

 

Translations

person whom one does not know

• Albanian: huaj (sq) m
• Arabic: غَرِيب (ar) m (ḡarīb), غَرِيبَة f (ḡarība)
• Armenian: անծանոթ (hy) (ancanotʻ)
• Basque: arrotz
• Belarusian: незнаёмец m (njeznajómjec), незнаёмка f (njeznajómka), чужы́ m (čužý)
• Bhojpuri: अजनबी (ajanᵊbī)
• Bulgarian: непозна́т (bg) m (nepoznát)
• Catalan: desconegut (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 陌生人 (zh) (mòshēngrén)

• Czech: neznámý (cs) m, cizinec (cs) m
• Danish: fremmed (da)
• Dutch: vreemde (nl) m or f, vreemdeling (nl) m, vreemdelinge (nl) f
• Esperanto: nekonato
• Finnish: tuntematon (fi), vieras (fi)
• French: inconnu (fr) m, inconnue (fr) f
• Georgian: უცხო (ucxo), უცნობი (ucnobi)
• German: Fremder (de) m, Fremde (de) f, Fremdling (de) m, Fremdlingin (de) f
• Greek: ξένος (el) m (xénos), άγνωστος (el) m (ágnostos)

  Ancient: ξένος m (xénos)

• Hindi: अजनबी m (ajnabī)
• Hungarian: idegen (hu)
• Irish: strainséir m
• Italian: sconosciuto (it) m, straniero (it) m, straniera (it) f
• Japanese: 知らない人 (しらないひと, shiranai hito), 見ず知らず (mizushirazu)
• Kikuyu: mũgeni class 1
• Korean: 낯선 사람 (natseon saram)
• Latin: advena m or f, extrāneus, aliēnus (la)
• Macedonian: незнајник m (neznajnik), незнаник m (neznanik), туѓинец m (tuǵinec)
• Malayalam: അപരിചിതൻ (ml) m (aparicitaṉ)
• Middle English: straunger, alien
• Northern Sami: guossi
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: fremmed (no)

• Old English: fremde m
• Ottoman Turkish: یابانجی (yabancı)
• Persian: غریبه (fa) (ğaribe), اجنبی (fa) (ajnabi)
• Polish: obcy (pl) m, nieznajomy (pl) m, nieznajoma (pl) f
• Portuguese: estranho (pt) m, estranha (pt) f
• Romanian: străin (ro) m, străină (ro) f
• Russian: незнако́мец (ru) m (neznakómec), незнако́мка (ru) f (neznakómka), чужо́й (ru) m (čužój), посторо́нний (ru) m (postorónnij), чужа́к (ru) m (čužák)
• Scottish Gaelic: coimheach m, coigreach m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: стра́нац m, стра̏нкиња f

  Roman: stránac (sh) m, strȁnkinja (sh) f

• Sicilian: scanusciutu (scn) m, stranu (scn) m, strana f
• Slovak: cudzinec m
• Slovene: neznanec m, neznanka f, tujec (sl) m, tujka f
• Spanish: extraño (es) m, extraña (es) f, desconocido (es) m, desconocida (es) f
• Swedish: främling (sv)
• Tajik: аҷнабӣ (tg) (ajnabi), ғариб (tg) (ġarib)
• Tocharian B: laukito
• Turkish: yabancı (tr)
• Ukrainian: незнайо́мець m (neznajómecʹ), незнайо́мка f (neznajómka), чужи́нець m (čužýnecʹ), чужи́нка f (čužýnka), чужи́й m (čužýj)
• Urdu: اجنبی (ur) m (ajnabī)
• Vietnamese: người lạ (vi)
• Welsh: dieithryn

outsider or foreigner — see also foreigner

• Arabic: أَجْنَبِيّ m (ʔajnabiyy)
• Armenian: օտարական (hy) (ōtarakan)
• Basque: please add this translation if you can
• Belarusian: іншазе́мец m (inšazjémjec), іншазе́мка f (inšazjémka), чужазе́мец m (čužazjémjec), чужазе́мка f (čužazjémka)
• Bulgarian: чуждене́ц (bg) m (čuždenéc), чужденка́ f (čuždenká)
• Catalan: foraster (ca) m, forastera (ca) f, estranger (ca) m, estrangera (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 外國人 / 外国人 (zh) (wàiguórén)

• Czech: cizinec (cs) m, cizozemec m
• Danish: udlænding (da) c, fremmed (da)
• Dutch: buitenlander (nl) m, buitenlandse (nl) f, vreemdeling (nl) m, vreemdelinge (nl) f
• Esperanto: eksterlandano, alilandano, alilandulo, fremdulo
• Faroese: útlendingur m
• Finnish: muukalainen (fi)
• French: étranger (fr) m, étrangère (fr) f
• Georgian: უცხოელი (ucxoeli)
• German: Fremder (de) m, Fremde (de) f, Ausländer (de) m, Ausländerin (de) f, Fremdling (de) m
• Greek: ξένος (el) m (xénos), ξένη (el) f (xéni), αλλοδαπός (el) m (allodapós), αλλοδαπή (el) f (allodapí)

  Ancient: ξένος m (xénos)

• Hindi: विदेशी (hi) m (videśī), अन्यदेशीय (hi) (anyadeśīya), परदेशी (hi) m (pardeśī)
• Hungarian: idegenek (hu) pl
• Icelandic: útlendingur (is) m
• Ido: stranjero (io), stranjerulo, stranjerino
• Indonesian: orang asing
• Irish: strainséir m
• Italian: straniero (it) m, straniera (it) f
• Japanese: 外国人 (ja) (がいこくじん, gaikokujin), 外人 (ja) (がいじん, gaijin)
• Korean: 외국인(外國人) (ko) (oegugin), 이국인(異國人) (igugin)
• Latin: extrāneus m, extrānea f, hospes (la) m
• Macedonian: странец m (stranec), туѓинец m (tuǵinec)
• Maori: tautangata, pūtere, uakoau
• Middle English: stranger, alien
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: utlending m

  Nynorsk: utlending (nn) m

• Ottoman Turkish: یابانجی (yabancı)
• Persian: خارجی (fa) (xâreji), اجنبی (fa) (ajnabi)
• Polish: cudzoziemiec (pl) m, cudzoziemka (pl) f
• Portuguese: estrangeiro (pt) m, estrangeira (pt) f, forasteiro (pt) m
• Russian: иностра́нец (ru) m (inostránec), иностра́нка (ru) f (inostránka), чужезе́мец (ru) m (čužezémec), иноро́дец (ru) m (inoródec) (non-native)
• Sango: wandê (sg)
• Scottish Gaelic: coimheach m, coigreach m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: стра́нац m, стра̏нкиња f, туђи́нац m

  Roman: stránac (sh) m, strȁnkinja (sh) f, tuđínac (sh) m

• Sicilian: furisteri m, stranu (scn) m
• Slovak: cudzinec m, cudzinka f
• Slovene: tujec (sl) m, tujka f
• Spanish: forastero (es) m, forastera (es) f, extranjero (es) m, extranjera (es) f
• Swahili: mgeni (sw) class 1/2
• Swedish: utlänning (sv) c, främling (sv) c
• Tajik: хориҷӣ (tg) (xoriji), аҷнабӣ (tg) (ajnabi)
• Thai: ฝรั่ง (th) (fà-ràng)
• Turkish: yabancı (tr)
• Ukrainian: інозе́мець m (inozémecʹ), інозе́мка f (inozémka)
• Urdu: پردیشی m (pardeśī)

newcomer

• Armenian: նորեկ (hy) (norek)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 新手 (zh) (xīnshǒu)

• Danish: fremmed (da)
• Finnish: tulokas (fi)
• German: Fremder (de) m, Fremde (de) f, Neuling (de) m
• Greek: νέος (el) m (néos)
• Latin: advena m
• Macedonian: новодојденец m (novodojdenec), дојденец m (dojdenec)
• Maori: uakoau
• Polish: przybysz (pl) m, przybyszka f
• Portuguese: recém-chegado m, recém-chegada f
• Russian: новоприбы́вший (ru) m (novopribývšij), прише́лец (ru) m (prišélec)
• Scottish Gaelic: coigreach m
• Serbo-Croatian: prìdošlica (sh) m, dòšljāk (sh) m, došljàkinja (sh) f
• Swedish: främling (sv), nykomling (sv) c

one who has not been seen for a long time

• Portuguese: sumido m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} buitenstaander (nl) m, ^{(please verify)} vreemdeling (nl) m
• Georgian: ^{(please verify)} უცხო (ucxo)
• Welsh: ^{(please verify)} dyfodiad m

See also

• myall

Verb

stranger (third-person singular simple present strangers, present participle strangering, simple past and past participle strangered)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To estrange; to alienate.
   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     Dowered with our curse, and strangered with our oath

Anagrams

• granters, regrants

Middle English

Noun

stranger

1. Alternative form of straunger

Scots

Adjective

stranger

1. comparative degree of strang
2. comparative degree of strange