streng

See also: Streng

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sd̥ʁaŋˀ]

Etymology 1

From Old Danish sthrængh, from Proto-Germanic *strangijaz (“tight, tense”), cf. German streng. It is variant of the adjective Proto-Germanic *strangaz, Old Norse strangr, English strong.

Adjective

streng

1. strict, tight, stringent
2. hard, severe, rigorous
3. stiff
4. stern
5. austere

Inflection

Inflection of streng

	positive	comparative	superlative
indefinite common singular	streng	strengere	strengest2
indefinite neuter singular	strengt	strengere	strengest2
plural	strenge	strengere	strengest2
definite attributive1	strenge	strengere	strengeste

¹ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
² The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

References

• “streng,2” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology 2

From Old Norse strengr, from Proto-Germanic *strangiz, from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ-.

Noun

streng c (singular definite strengen, plural indefinite strenge)

1. string
2. strand

Declension

Declension of streng

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	streng	strengen	strenge	strengene
genitive	strengs	strengens	strenges	strengenes

Derived terms

• strengbeton
• strengeinstrument
• strengeleg
• strengeleje
• strengespil

 

References

• “streng,1” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /strɛŋ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: streng
• Rhymes: -ɛŋ

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch strenge, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *strangijaz (“tight, tense”), *strangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“taut”). Compare German streng, English strong, Danish streng.

Adjective

streng (comparative strenger, superlative strengst)

1. strict, severe, rigorous, unbending, cruel

Declension

Declension of streng
uninflected	streng
inflected	strenge
comparative	strenger
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		streng	strenger	het strengst het strengste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	strenge	strengere	strengste
	n. sing.	streng	strenger	strengste
	plural	strenge	strengere	strengste
definite		strenge	strengere	strengste
partitive		strengs	strengers	—

Derived terms

• gestreng, strengelijk
• gestrengheid, strengheid
• streng in de leer

Descendants

• Afrikaans: streng
• → Papiamentu: strèn
• → Manado Malay: streng

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *strangiz, from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ-. Compare Low German Strenge, German Strang, English string, Danish streng.

Noun

streng f or m (plural strengen, diminutive strengetje n)

1. string, twined object, as most ropes or cords

Derived terms

• navelstreng
• strengel
• strengenkabel
• strengkoker
• strengpan

Descendants

• → Papiamentu: strèn

References

• Prof. dr. G. Geerts e.a., van Dale. Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal. Utrecht - Antwerp, Van Dale Lexicografie, 1984 (eleventh edition). [leading Dutch dictionary in Dutch, commonly known as ‘de Grote Van Dale’]

Anagrams

• grenst

German

Etymology

From Middle High German strenge, from Old High German strengi (“strong”), strangi, from Proto-Germanic *strangijaz (“tight, tense”), *strangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“taut”); related to Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“stiff”). Compare German Strenge, Dutch streng, Danish streng, English strong.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Austria):

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /ʃtʁɛŋ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: streng

Adjective

streng (strong nominative masculine singular strenger, comparative strenger, superlative am strengsten)

1. severe, rigid, strict

   Synonyms: autoritär; genau, grundsätzlich, gnadenlos, erbarmungslos, entschieden; hart, schwer; puritanisch, einfach, schlicht; scharf, penetrant, beißend

   Antonym: gelind

   • 1787 CE: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Egmont

     Ich sehe kein Mittel, weder strenges noch gelindes, dem Übel zu steuern.

     I see no means, neither severe nor mild, by which to stem the evil.

Declension

Positive forms of streng

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist streng	sie ist streng	es ist streng	sie sind streng
strong declension (without article)	nominative	strenger	strenge	strenges	strenge
	genitive	strengen	strenger	strengen	strenger
	dative	strengem	strenger	strengem	strengen
	accusative	strengen	strenge	strenges	strenge
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der strenge	die strenge	das strenge	die strengen
	genitive	des strengen	der strengen	des strengen	der strengen
	dative	dem strengen	der strengen	dem strengen	den strengen
	accusative	den strengen	die strenge	das strenge	die strengen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein strenger	eine strenge	ein strenges	(keine) strengen
	genitive	eines strengen	einer strengen	eines strengen	(keiner) strengen
	dative	einem strengen	einer strengen	einem strengen	(keinen) strengen
	accusative	einen strengen	eine strenge	ein strenges	(keine) strengen

Comparative forms of streng

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist strenger	sie ist strenger	es ist strenger	sie sind strenger
strong declension (without article)	nominative	strengerer	strengere	strengeres	strengere
	genitive	strengeren	strengerer	strengeren	strengerer
	dative	strengerem	strengerer	strengerem	strengeren
	accusative	strengeren	strengere	strengeres	strengere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der strengere	die strengere	das strengere	die strengeren
	genitive	des strengeren	der strengeren	des strengeren	der strengeren
	dative	dem strengeren	der strengeren	dem strengeren	den strengeren
	accusative	den strengeren	die strengere	das strengere	die strengeren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein strengerer	eine strengere	ein strengeres	(keine) strengeren
	genitive	eines strengeren	einer strengeren	eines strengeren	(keiner) strengeren
	dative	einem strengeren	einer strengeren	einem strengeren	(keinen) strengeren
	accusative	einen strengeren	eine strengere	ein strengeres	(keine) strengeren

Superlative forms of streng

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist am strengsten	sie ist am strengsten	es ist am strengsten	sie sind am strengsten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	strengster	strengste	strengstes	strengste
	genitive	strengsten	strengster	strengsten	strengster
	dative	strengstem	strengster	strengstem	strengsten
	accusative	strengsten	strengste	strengstes	strengste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der strengste	die strengste	das strengste	die strengsten
	genitive	des strengsten	der strengsten	des strengsten	der strengsten
	dative	dem strengsten	der strengsten	dem strengsten	den strengsten
	accusative	den strengsten	die strengste	das strengste	die strengsten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein strengster	eine strengste	ein strengstes	(keine) strengsten
	genitive	eines strengsten	einer strengsten	eines strengsten	(keiner) strengsten
	dative	einem strengsten	einer strengsten	einem strengsten	(keinen) strengsten
	accusative	einen strengsten	eine strengste	ein strengstes	(keine) strengsten

Related terms

• Strenge

Adverb

streng

1. very much, strictly
   • 1993, Die Ärzte, Lieber Tee:

     Da rauchen sie dann Haschisch ... aber das ist streng geheim.

     There they smoke hashish ... but that is strictly secret.

Further reading

• “streng” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “streng” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
• “streng” in Duden online

Icelandic

Noun

streng m

1. inflection of strengur:
   1. indefinite accusative singular
   2. indefinite dative singular

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish sreng, from Old Norse strengr.

Noun

streng f (genitive singular streng, plural strengyn)

1. string, cord, line
2. wire

Mutation

Manx mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
streng	hreng after "yn", treng	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Middle English

Alternative forms

• strenge, stringe

Etymology

From Old English strenġ, from Proto-West Germanic *strangiz.

Variants with /ɡ/ are unexpected, in contrast to henge, and probably show influence from Old Norse strengr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstrend͡ʒ(ə)/, /ˈstrind͡ʒ(ə)/, /ˈstrenɡ(ə)/, /ˈstrinɡ(ə)/

Noun

streng (nominative plural strenges)

1. string

Descendants

• English: string (see there for further descendants)

References

• “streng, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse strangr.

Adjective

streng (neuter singular strengt, definite singular and plural strenge, comparative strengere, indefinite superlative strengest, definite superlative strengeste)

1. strict
2. stringent
3. harsh (e.g. winter)

Etymology 2

From Old Norse strengr, in computing a semantic loan from English string.

Noun

streng m (definite singular strengen, indefinite plural strenger, definite plural strengene)

1. a cord or string
2. (music) a string
3. (computing) a string

Derived terms

• buestreng
• g-streng
• navlestreng
• strengeinstrument

References

• “streng” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Anagrams

• trengs

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse strangr. Doublet of strang.

Adjective

streng (neuter strengt, definite singular and plural strenge, comparative strengare, indefinite superlative strengast, definite superlative strengaste)

1. strict
2. stringent
3. harsh (e.g. winter)

Etymology 2

From Old Norse strengr, from Proto-Germanic *strangiz. The computing sense is a semantic loan from English string.

Noun

streng m (definite singular strengen, indefinite plural strenger or strengar, definite plural strengene or strengane)

1. a cord or string
2. (music) a string
3. (computing) a string

Derived terms

• g-streng
• navlestreng
• strengeinstrument

References

• “streng” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• rengst, trengs

Old English

Alternative forms

• strenċ

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *strangiz, from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ-. Compare Old High German strang and Old Norse strengr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /strenj/, [strend͡ʒ]

Noun

strenġ m

1. string, rope, cord

Declension

Declension of strenġ (strong i-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	strenġ	strenġas
accusative	strenġ	strenġas
genitive	strenġes	strenġa
dative	strenġe	strenġum

Derived terms

• -strenġe

Descendants

• Middle English: streng, string
  • English: string

Old Norse

Noun

streng

1. accusative singular indefinite of strengr m
2. dative singular indefinite of strengr m