suma

See also: Appendix:Variations of "suma"

Languages (23)

Basque • Catalan • Cebuano • Finnish • Galician • Gothic • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Ingrian • Italian • Lithuanian • Norn • Old English • Old Norse • Old Polish • Polish • Portuguese • Romanian • Serbo-Croatian • Silesian • Spanish • Sranan Tongo • Venda • Votic

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Page categories

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s̺uma/ [s̺u.ma]
• Rhymes: -uma
• Hyphenation: su‧ma

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish suma (“sum”).

Noun

suma inan

1. (dated) amount, quantity

   Synonym: kopuru

Declension

Declension of suma (inanimate, ending in -a)

	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	suma	suma	sumak
ergative	sumak	sumak	sumek
dative	sumari	sumari	sumei
genitive	sumaren	sumaren	sumen
comitative	sumarekin	sumarekin	sumekin
causative	sumarengatik	sumarengatik	sumengatik
benefactive	sumarentzat	sumarentzat	sumentzat
instrumental	sumaz	sumaz	sumez
inessive	sumatan	suman	sumetan
locative	sumatako	sumako	sumetako
allative	sumatara	sumara	sumetara
terminative	sumataraino	sumaraino	sumetaraino
directive	sumatarantz	sumarantz	sumetarantz
destinative	sumatarako	sumarako	sumetarako
ablative	sumatatik	sumatik	sumetatik
partitive	sumarik	—	—
prolative	sumatzat	—	—

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

suma inan

1. smell (sense)

   Synonym: usaimen

Declension

Declension of suma (inanimate, ending in -a)

	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	suma	suma	sumak
ergative	sumak	sumak	sumek
dative	sumari	sumari	sumei
genitive	sumaren	sumaren	sumen
comitative	sumarekin	sumarekin	sumekin
causative	sumarengatik	sumarengatik	sumengatik
benefactive	sumarentzat	sumarentzat	sumentzat
instrumental	sumaz	sumaz	sumez
inessive	sumatan	suman	sumetan
locative	sumatako	sumako	sumetako
allative	sumatara	sumara	sumetara
terminative	sumataraino	sumaraino	sumetaraino
directive	sumatarantz	sumarantz	sumetarantz
destinative	sumatarako	sumarako	sumetarako
ablative	sumatatik	sumatik	sumetatik
partitive	sumarik	—	—
prolative	sumatzat	—	—

Further reading

• “suma”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
• “suma”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Catalan

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin summa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈsu.mə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈsu.ma]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

suma f (plural sumes)

1. sum

Derived terms

• en suma

Etymology 2

Verb

suma

1. inflection of sumar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Cebuano

Etymology 1

From Spanish suma, from Latin summa.

Verb

suma

1. to reckon
2. to tabulate

Etymology 2

Unknown.

Adjective

suma

1. according to

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sum(p)a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsumɑ/, [ˈs̠umɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -umɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): su‧ma

Noun

suma

1. logjam

   Synonym: jumi

2. traffic jam

   Synonym: ruuhka

3. (figuratively, in compounds) accumulation, bunch

   kolarisuma ― pile-up

Declension

Inflection of suma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		suma	sumat
genitive		suman	sumien
partitive		sumaa	sumia
illative		sumaan	sumiin
		singular	plural
nominative		suma	sumat
accusative	nom.	suma	sumat
	gen.	suman
genitive		suman	sumien sumain rare
partitive		sumaa	sumia
inessive		sumassa	sumissa
elative		sumasta	sumista
illative		sumaan	sumiin
adessive		sumalla	sumilla
ablative		sumalta	sumilta
allative		sumalle	sumille
essive		sumana	sumina
translative		sumaksi	sumiksi
abessive		sumatta	sumitta
instructive		—	sumin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of suma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sumani sumani accusative nom. sumani sumani gen. sumani genitive sumani sumieni sumaini rare partitive sumaani sumiani inessive sumassani sumissani elative sumastani sumistani illative sumaani sumiini adessive sumallani sumillani ablative sumaltani sumiltani allative sumalleni sumilleni essive sumanani suminani translative sumakseni sumikseni abessive sumattani sumittani instructive — — comitative — sumineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative sumasi sumasi accusative nom. sumasi sumasi gen. sumasi genitive sumasi sumiesi sumaisi rare partitive sumaasi sumiasi inessive sumassasi sumissasi elative sumastasi sumistasi illative sumaasi sumiisi adessive sumallasi sumillasi ablative sumaltasi sumiltasi allative sumallesi sumillesi essive sumanasi suminasi translative sumaksesi sumiksesi abessive sumattasi sumittasi instructive — — comitative — suminesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sumamme sumamme accusative nom. sumamme sumamme gen. sumamme genitive sumamme sumiemme sumaimme rare partitive sumaamme sumiamme inessive sumassamme sumissamme elative sumastamme sumistamme illative sumaamme sumiimme adessive sumallamme sumillamme ablative sumaltamme sumiltamme allative sumallemme sumillemme essive sumanamme suminamme translative sumaksemme sumiksemme abessive sumattamme sumittamme instructive — — comitative — suminemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative sumanne sumanne accusative nom. sumanne sumanne gen. sumanne genitive sumanne sumienne sumainne rare partitive sumaanne sumianne inessive sumassanne sumissanne elative sumastanne sumistanne illative sumaanne sumiinne adessive sumallanne sumillanne ablative sumaltanne sumiltanne allative sumallenne sumillenne essive sumananne suminanne translative sumaksenne sumiksenne abessive sumattanne sumittanne instructive — — comitative — suminenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative sumansa sumansa accusative nom. sumansa sumansa gen. sumansa genitive sumansa sumiensa sumainsa rare partitive sumaansa sumiaan sumiansa inessive sumassaan sumassansa sumissaan sumissansa elative sumastaan sumastansa sumistaan sumistansa illative sumaansa sumiinsa adessive sumallaan sumallansa sumillaan sumillansa ablative sumaltaan sumaltansa sumiltaan sumiltansa allative sumalleen sumallensa sumilleen sumillensa essive sumanaan sumanansa suminaan suminansa translative sumakseen sumaksensa sumikseen sumiksensa abessive sumattaan sumattansa sumittaan sumittansa instructive — — comitative — sumineen suminensa

Derived terms

• sumautua

 

compounds

• kolarisuma
• tukkisuma

 

Further reading

• “suma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• Samu, masu, musa, usma

Galician

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsuma/ [ˈs̺u.mɐ]
• Rhymes: -uma
• Hyphenation: su‧ma

Etymology 1

Noun

suma f (plural sumas)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

suma

1. inflection of sumir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Gothic

Romanization

suma

1. Romanization of 𐍃𐌿𐌼𐌰

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

Perhaps from Portuguese assim + como ("thus how").

Adverb

suma

1. because

Ingrian

Suma.

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian сума (suma).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsumɑ/, [ˈs̠umɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsumɑ/, [ˈʃumɑ]
• Rhymes: -umɑ
• Hyphenation: su‧ma

Noun

suma

1. bag
   • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 22:

     Siso ompeli suman.

     Sis sewed the bag.

   • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[4], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 75:

     Ohotnikka otti jänistä käpälist ja pani summaa.

     The hunter took the hare by the legs and put it in the bag.

   • 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva:

     Valja otti suman, pani bukvarin summaa ja laati paljton päälle.

     Valja took [her] bag, put a primer into the bag and put an overcoat on.

Declension

Declension of suma (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	suma	sumat
genitive	suman	summiin
partitive	summaa	summia
illative	summaa	summii
inessive	sumas	sumis
elative	sumast	sumist
allative	sumalle	sumille
adessive	sumal	sumil
ablative	sumalt	sumilt
translative	sumaks	sumiks
essive	sumanna, summaan	suminna, summiin
exessive1)	sumant	sumint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• jäsensuma
• kirjasuma

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 550

Italian

Verb

suma

1. inflection of sumere:
   1. first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Anagrams

• musa

Lithuanian

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin summa. The religious sense is borrowed from Polish suma.

Noun

sumà f (plural sùmos) stress pattern 4

1. (mathematics) sum (quantity obtained by addition)
2. sum (quantity of money)
3. (Catholicism) noon mass on a holy day; High Mass

Declension

Declension of sumà

	singular (vienaskaita)	plural (daugiskaita)
nominative (vardininkas)	sumà	sùmos
genitive (kilmininkas)	sumõs	sumų̃
dative (naudininkas)	sùmai	sumóms
accusative (galininkas)	sùmą	sumàs
instrumental (įnagininkas)	sumà	sumomìs
locative (vietininkas)	sumojè	sumosè
vocative (šauksmininkas)	sùma	sùmos

Further reading

• “suma”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024
• “suma”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2024

Norn

Etymology

From Old Norse svimma, svima, from Proto-Germanic *swimmaną.

Verb

suma

1. to swim, float

Old English

Pronoun

suma

1. feminine nominative/accusative plural of sum

Old Norse

Pronoun

suma

1. inflection of sumr:
   1. feminine accusative singular
   2. masculine accusative plural

Old Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin summa. First attested in the 15th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /suma/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /suma/

Noun

suma f

1. (attested in Masovia) sum (quantity of money)
   • 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 27:

     Czy vbodzy slyachczycy... o pewney svmmye pyenyądzi (de certa summa pecuniae) szą gednayą z nymy

     [Ci ubodzy ślachcicy... o pewnej summie pieniędzy (de certa summa pecuniae) się jednają z nimi]

   • 1950 [1437], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 493, Warsaw:

     Jakom ya nye ranczyl Jsakowi gyenyey kopy geno s they szumy, czo w xøgach m[y]a

     [Jakom ja nie ręczył Izakowi jeniej kopy jeno z tej sumy, co w księgach m[y]a]

Derived terms

nouns

• suma głowna

 

verbs

• kłaść sumę impf
• sumować impf

 

Descendants

• Polish: suma
• Silesian: suma

References

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “suma”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu.ma/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.ma/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uma
• Syllabification: su‧ma
• Homophone: Suma

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish suma.

Noun

suma f (diminutive sumka, related adjective sumowy)

1. amount, sum, figure (certain amount of money)

   Synonym: kwota

2. (mathematics) sum (quantity obtained by addition)
3. sum (quantity obtained by aggregation)

   Synonyms: całokształt, całość, ogół

4. (Roman Catholicism) mass, service (main mass help in church on Sundays and holidays)

   Hypernym: msza

5. (Middle Polish) sum, summary (short summation of text)

   Synonym: podsumowanie

Declension

Declension of suma

	singular	plural
nominative	suma	sumy
genitive	sumy	sum
dative	sumie	sumom
accusative	sumę	sumy
instrumental	sumą	sumami
locative	sumie	sumach
vocative	sumo	sumy

Derived terms

nouns

• bajońskie sumy
• suma komandytowa
• sumy neapolitańskie

 

particles

• w sumie

 

verbs

• sumować impf

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

suma m animal

1. genitive/accusative singular of sum

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), suma is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 24 times in scientific texts, 24 times in news, 22 times in essays, 6 times in fiction, and 3 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 79 times, making it the 819th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• suma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• suma in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• suma in PWN's encyclopedia
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “suma”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “SUMA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 23.03.2023
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “suma”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “suma”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “suma”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 510

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Adjective

suma

1. feminine singular of sumo

Etymology 2

Verb

suma

1. inflection of sumir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French sommer.

Verb

a suma (third-person singular present sumează, past participle sumat) 1st conjugation

1. to sum up

Conjugation

    conjugation of suma (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a suma
gerund			sumând
past participle			sumat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	sumez	sumezi	sumează	sumăm	sumați	sumează
	imperfect	sumam	sumai	suma	sumam	sumați	sumau
	simple perfect	sumai	sumași	sumă	sumarăm	sumarăți	sumară
	pluperfect	sumasem	sumaseși	sumase	sumaserăm	sumaserăți	sumaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să sumez	să sumezi	să sumeze	să sumăm	să sumați	să sumeze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		sumează			sumați
	negative		nu suma			nu sumați

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin summa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sûma/
• Hyphenation: su‧ma

Noun

sȕma f (Cyrillic spelling су̏ма)

1. sum, total

Declension

Declension of suma

	singular	plural
nominative	suma	sume
genitive	sume	suma
dative	sumi	sumama
accusative	sumu	sume
vocative	sumo	sume
locative	sumi	sumama
instrumental	sumom	sumama

Silesian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish suma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu.ma/
• Rhymes: -uma
• Syllabification: su‧ma

Noun

suma f

1. sum (amount of money)

Further reading

• suma in silling.org

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsuma/ [ˈsu.ma]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uma
• Syllabification: su‧ma

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin summa. Doublet of the inherited soma (“coarse flour”).

Noun

suma f (plural sumas)

1. sum
2. addition

   Antonym: resta

Derived terms

• en suma

 

Related terms

• somero
• sumo

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

suma

1. feminine singular of sumo

Verb

suma

1. inflection of sumar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative
2. inflection of sumir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “suma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

Likely from English someone.

Pronoun

suma

1. (interrogative) who

Noun

suma

1. Dated form of sma (“person”).

Venda

Verb

suma

1. to report

Votic

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian сума (suma).

Pronunciation

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈsumɑ/, [ˈsumɑ]
• Rhymes: -umɑ
• Hyphenation: su‧ma

Noun

suma

1. pouch, bag

Inflection

Declension of suma (type III/jalkõ, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	suma	sumad
genitive	suma	sumojõ, sumoi
partitive	summa	sumoitõ, sumoi
illative	summasõ, summa	sumoisõ
inessive	sumaz	sumoiz
elative	sumassõ	sumoissõ
allative	sumalõ	sumoilõ
adessive	sumallõ	sumoillõ
ablative	sumaltõ	sumoiltõ
translative	sumassi	sumoissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “suma”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn