sumir

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese sumir~somir, from Latin sūmere.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [suˈmiɾ]

Verb

sumir (first-person singular present sumo, third-person singular present some, first-person singular preterite sumín, past participle sumido)
sumir (first-person singular present sumo, third-person singular present some, first-person singular preterite sumim or sumi, past participle sumido, reintegrationist norm)

1. to cave in; to sink

   Synonym: afundir

2. to consume; to decrease

   Synonyms: gastar, minguar

   • c. 1840, Ramón Varela Vahamonde, Conversa entre os arrieiros:

     Por eso non queren suba
     Na sisa nin na taberna
     E, en tanto que os demais paguen,
     Eles recachan a perna.
     E como serán sumidos
     En bebedelas, o aumento,
     Dan a sisa pol-os tragos
     E miran outros pr’o vento.

     That's why they don't want an increase
     in the surcharge nor in the tavern
     and, as long as the others pay,
     they uncover the leg [they sunbathe].
     And since they are gonna be consumed
     in binges, the augment,
     they give the surcharge for the gulps
     and others look into the wind.

3. to submerge

   Synonym: mergullar

4. (figuratively) to cause to fall, to trip up
5. (figuratively) to fall into (a state of being)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sumir (u-o alternation in present singular)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	sumir
Personal	sumir	sumires	sumir	sumirmos	sumirdes	sumiren
Gerund
	sumindo
Past participle
Masculine	sumido			sumidos
Feminine	sumida			sumidas
Indicative
Present	sumo	somes	some	sumimos	sumides	somen
Imperfect	sumía	sumías	sumía	sumiamos	sumiades	sumían
Preterite	sumín	sumiches	sumiu	sumimos	sumistes	sumiron
Pluperfect	sumira	sumiras	sumira	sumiramos	sumirades	sumiran
Future	sumirei	sumirás	sumirá	sumiremos	sumiredes	sumirán
Conditional	sumiría	sumirías	sumiría	sumiriamos	sumiriades	sumirían
Subjunctive
Present	suma	sumas	suma	sumamos	sumades	suman
Imperfect	sumise	sumises	sumise	sumísemos	sumísedes	sumisen
Future	sumir	sumires	sumir	sumirmos	sumirdes	sumiren
Imperative
Affirmative		sume	suma	sumamos	sumide	suman
Negative (non)		non sumas	non suma	non sumamos	non sumades	non suman

    Reintegrated conjugation of sumir (u-o alternation in present singular) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	sumir
Personal	sumir	sumires	sumir	sumirmos	sumirdes	sumirem
Gerund
	sumindo
Past participle
Masculine	sumido			sumidos
Feminine	sumida			sumidas
Indicative
Present	sumo	somes	some	sumimos	sumides, sumis	somem
Imperfect	sumia	sumias	sumia	sumíamos	sumíades, sumíeis, sumíais1	sumiam
Preterite	sumim, sumi	sumiste, sumiche1	sumiu	sumimos	sumistes	sumírom, sumiram
Pluperfect	sumira	sumiras	sumira	sumíramos	sumírades, sumíreis, sumírais1	sumiram
Future	sumirei	sumirás	sumirá	sumiremos	sumiredes, sumireis	sumirám, sumirão
Conditional	sumiria	sumirias	sumiria	sumiríamos	sumiríades, sumiríeis, sumiríais1	sumiriam
Subjunctive
Present	suma	sumas	suma	sumamos	sumades, sumais	sumam
Imperfect	sumisse	sumisses	sumisse	sumíssemos	sumíssedes, sumísseis	sumissem
Future	sumir	sumires	sumir	sumirmos	sumirdes	sumirem
Imperative
Affirmative		some	suma	sumamos	sumide, sumi	sumam
Negative (nom)		nom sumas	nom suma	nom sumamos	nom sumades, nom sumais	nom sumam

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• consumir
• ensumir

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “sumir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “sumir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “sumir”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “sumir”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “sumir” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “sumir”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Icelandic

Etymology

Old Norse sumr.

Pronoun

sumir m pl (feminine plural sumar, neuter plural sum)

1. some

Old Norse

Pronoun

sumir

1. masculine nominative plural of sumr

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese sumir~somir, from Latin sūmere.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /suˈmi(ʁ)/ [suˈmi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /suˈmi(ʁ)/ [suˈmi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /suˈmi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /suˈmi(ʁ)/ [suˈmi(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /suˈmi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /suˈmiɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /suˈmiɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /suˈmi.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: su‧mir

Verb

sumir (first-person singular present sumo, third-person singular present some, first-person singular preterite sumi, past participle sumido)

1. (intransitive) to vanish, to disappear

   Synonyms: desaparecer, evaporar

   O rapaz sumiu! ― The boy vanished!

2. to submerge, to sink

   Synonyms: afundar, submergir

3. to be wasted or consumed

   O dinheiro some. ― Money is wasted away

4. to hide [with com]

   Synonym: esconder

   Vou sumir com seus cigarros! ― I'm going to hide your cigarettes!

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sumir (u-o alternation in present singular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	sumir
Personal	sumir	sumires	sumir	sumirmos	sumirdes	sumirem
Gerund
	sumindo
Past participle
Masculine	sumido			sumidos
Feminine	sumida			sumidas
Indicative
Present	sumo	somes	some	sumimos	sumis	somem
Imperfect	sumia	sumias	sumia	sumíamos	sumíeis	sumiam
Preterite	sumi	sumiste	sumiu	sumimos	sumistes	sumiram
Pluperfect	sumira	sumiras	sumira	sumíramos	sumíreis	sumiram
Future	sumirei	sumirás	sumirá	sumiremos	sumireis	sumirão
Conditional	sumiria	sumirias	sumiria	sumiríamos	sumiríeis	sumiriam
Subjunctive
Present	suma	sumas	suma	sumamos	sumais	sumam
Imperfect	sumisse	sumisses	sumisse	sumíssemos	sumísseis	sumissem
Future	sumir	sumires	sumir	sumirmos	sumirdes	sumirem
Imperative
Affirmative		some	suma	sumamos	sumi	sumam
Negative (não)		não sumas	não suma	não sumamos	não sumais	não sumam

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish somir, from Latin sūmere.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suˈmiɾ/ [suˈmiɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: su‧mir

Verb

sumir (first-person singular present sumo, first-person singular preterite sumí, past participle sumido)

1. to submerge

   Synonym: sumergir

2. (reflexive, figurative) to be devoured (by); to wallow in; to get tied up (in)

   Synonym: enredar

   • 1864, Eugenio de Ochoa (translator), José Garnier, Elementos de economía política:

     la sociedad volvería a sumirse en la barbarie

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1922, Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, La tierra de todos:

     Se sumió otra vez el joven en su monótona labor de dibujante lineal; pero á los pocos instantes sus ojos volvieron á levantarse del papel.

     Once again the young man wallowed in his tedious work as a line drawer, but a short while later he looked back up from the paper.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sumir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			sumir
gerund			sumiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		sumido		sumida
		plural		sumidos		sumidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	sumo	sumestú sumísvos	sume	sumimos	sumís	sumen
	imperfect	sumía	sumías	sumía	sumíamos	sumíais	sumían
	preterite	sumí	sumiste	sumió	sumimos	sumisteis	sumieron
	future	sumiré	sumirás	sumirá	sumiremos	sumiréis	sumirán
	conditional	sumiría	sumirías	sumiría	sumiríamos	sumiríais	sumirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	suma	sumastú sumásvos2	suma	sumamos	sumáis	suman
	imperfect (ra)	sumiera	sumieras	sumiera	sumiéramos	sumierais	sumieran
	imperfect (se)	sumiese	sumieses	sumiese	sumiésemos	sumieseis	sumiesen
	future1	sumiere	sumieres	sumiere	sumiéremos	sumiereis	sumieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		sumetú sumívos	suma	sumamos	sumid	suman
	negative		no sumas	no suma	no sumamos	no sumáis	no suman

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of sumir

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive sumir
	dative	sumirme	sumirte	sumirle, sumirse	sumirnos	sumiros	sumirles, sumirse
	accusative	sumirme	sumirte	sumirlo, sumirla, sumirse	sumirnos	sumiros	sumirlos, sumirlas, sumirse
with gerund sumiendo
	dative	sumiéndome	sumiéndote	sumiéndole, sumiéndose	sumiéndonos	sumiéndoos	sumiéndoles, sumiéndose
	accusative	sumiéndome	sumiéndote	sumiéndolo, sumiéndola, sumiéndose	sumiéndonos	sumiéndoos	sumiéndolos, sumiéndolas, sumiéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative sume
	dative	súmeme	súmete	súmele	súmenos	not used	súmeles
	accusative	súmeme	súmete	súmelo, súmela	súmenos	not used	súmelos, súmelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative sumí
	dative	sumime	sumite	sumile	suminos	not used	sumiles
	accusative	sumime	sumite	sumilo, sumila	suminos	not used	sumilos, sumilas
with formal second-person singular imperative suma
	dative	súmame	not used	súmale, súmase	súmanos	not used	súmales
	accusative	súmame	not used	súmalo, súmala, súmase	súmanos	not used	súmalos, súmalas
with first-person plural imperative sumamos
	dative	not used	sumámoste	sumámosle	sumámonos	sumámoos	sumámosles
	accusative	not used	sumámoste	sumámoslo, sumámosla	sumámonos	sumámoos	sumámoslos, sumámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative sumid
	dative	sumidme	not used	sumidle	sumidnos	sumíos	sumidles
	accusative	sumidme	not used	sumidlo, sumidla	sumidnos	sumíos	sumidlos, sumidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative suman
	dative	súmanme	not used	súmanle	súmannos	not used	súmanles, súmanse
	accusative	súmanme	not used	súmanlo, súmanla	súmannos	not used	súmanlos, súmanlas, súmanse

Related terms

• sumirse

 

Further reading

• “sumir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28
• Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983) “sumir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume V (Ri–X), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 336