summa

See also: Summa, summą, and šumma

English

Etymology

From Latin summa.

Noun

summa (plural summas or summae)

1. A comprehensive summary of, or treatise on a subject, especially theology or philosophy.
2. (figuratively) A culmination or archetypal example.
   • 1987, Svetlana Alpers, “The Mapping Impulse in Dutch Art”, in David Woodward, editor, Art and Cartography: Six Historical Essays, page 57:

     In size, scope, and graphic ambition [the map] is a summa of the mapping art of the day, represented in paint by Vermeer.

   • 1993, Franca Falletti, The David and the Accademia Gallery, page 6:

     The painting is a “summa” of the various trends that intertwined and developed during those crucial years of the early sixteenth century in Florence.

   • 1999, Eric Nash, Manhattan Skyscrapers, page 93:

     Rockefeller Center is at once a summa of the Art Deco style, and a look ahead to the Internationalist style that dominated after World War II.

Related terms

• summa cum laude

Anagrams

• Mumas, maums, ummas

Estonian

Etymology

From Latin summa.

Noun

summa (genitive summa, partitive summat)

1. sum

Declension

Declension of summa (type pere)

	singular	plural
nominative	summa	summad
genitive	summa	summade
partitive	summat	summasid
illative	summasse	summadesse
inessive	summas	summades
elative	summast	summadest
allative	summale	summadele
adessive	summal	summadel
ablative	summalt	summadelt
translative	summaks	summadeks
terminative	summani	summadeni
essive	summana	summadena
abessive	summata	summadeta
comitative	summaga	summadega

Further reading

• “summa”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
• “summa”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
• “summa”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
• summa in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Finnish

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin summa, probably through Swedish summa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsumːɑ/, [ˈs̠umːɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -umːɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): sum‧ma

Noun

summa

1. sum (result of addition)
2. (in particular) sum, amount (especially of money)

   Synonyms: rahasumma, potti

3. (mathematics, uncommon) addition

   Synonyms: yhteenlasku, pluslasku, summaus

Declension

Inflection of summa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		summa	summat
genitive		summan	summien
partitive		summaa	summia
illative		summaan	summiin
		singular	plural
nominative		summa	summat
accusative	nom.	summa	summat
	gen.	summan
genitive		summan	summien summain rare
partitive		summaa	summia
inessive		summassa	summissa
elative		summasta	summista
illative		summaan	summiin
adessive		summalla	summilla
ablative		summalta	summilta
allative		summalle	summille
essive		summana	summina
translative		summaksi	summiksi
abessive		summatta	summitta
instructive		—	summin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of summa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative summani summani accusative nom. summani summani gen. summani genitive summani summieni summaini rare partitive summaani summiani inessive summassani summissani elative summastani summistani illative summaani summiini adessive summallani summillani ablative summaltani summiltani allative summalleni summilleni essive summanani summinani translative summakseni summikseni abessive summattani summittani instructive — — comitative — summineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative summasi summasi accusative nom. summasi summasi gen. summasi genitive summasi summiesi summaisi rare partitive summaasi summiasi inessive summassasi summissasi elative summastasi summistasi illative summaasi summiisi adessive summallasi summillasi ablative summaltasi summiltasi allative summallesi summillesi essive summanasi summinasi translative summaksesi summiksesi abessive summattasi summittasi instructive — — comitative — summinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative summamme summamme accusative nom. summamme summamme gen. summamme genitive summamme summiemme summaimme rare partitive summaamme summiamme inessive summassamme summissamme elative summastamme summistamme illative summaamme summiimme adessive summallamme summillamme ablative summaltamme summiltamme allative summallemme summillemme essive summanamme summinamme translative summaksemme summiksemme abessive summattamme summittamme instructive — — comitative — summinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative summanne summanne accusative nom. summanne summanne gen. summanne genitive summanne summienne summainne rare partitive summaanne summianne inessive summassanne summissanne elative summastanne summistanne illative summaanne summiinne adessive summallanne summillanne ablative summaltanne summiltanne allative summallenne summillenne essive summananne summinanne translative summaksenne summiksenne abessive summattanne summittanne instructive — — comitative — summinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative summansa summansa accusative nom. summansa summansa gen. summansa genitive summansa summiensa summainsa rare partitive summaansa summiaan summiansa inessive summassaan summassansa summissaan summissansa elative summastaan summastansa summistaan summistansa illative summaansa summiinsa adessive summallaan summallansa summillaan summillansa ablative summaltaan summaltansa summiltaan summiltansa allative summalleen summallensa summilleen summillensa essive summanaan summanansa summinaan summinansa translative summakseen summaksensa summikseen summiksensa abessive summattaan summattansa summittaan summittansa instructive — — comitative — summineen summinensa

Derived terms

adjectives

• -summainen
• summaton

 

adverbs

• summittain

 

verbs

• summata
• summautua

 

compounds

• alasumma
• arviosumma
• bruttosumma
• jakosumma
• jättisumma
• kokonaissumma
• korvaussumma
• könttisumma
• könttäsumma
• lisäsumma
• loppusumma
• lunastussumma
• lämpösumma
• maksusumma
• neliösumma
• nollasummapeli
• osasumma
• palkintosumma
• rahasumma
• sadesumma
• siirtosumma
• summamuoto
• summamutikassa
• tilasumma
• urakkasumma
• vakuutussumma
• vedonlyöntisumma
• vekselisumma
• velkasumma
• veloitussumma
• voittosumma
• välisumma
• yhteissumma

 

idioms

• osiensa summa

 

Further reading

• “summa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• ammus, sammu, samum

Icelandic

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin summa (“sum, summary, total”).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ʏmːa

Noun

summa f (genitive singular summu, nominative plural summur)

1. (arithmetic) a sum; (a quantity obtained by addition or aggregation)

Declension

Declension of summa (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	summa	summan	summur	summurnar
accusative	summu	summuna	summur	summurnar
dative	summu	summunni	summum	summunum
genitive	summu	summunnar	summa	summanna

Derived terms

• bein summa (“direct sum”)
• dálksamtala (“column total”)
• dálksumma (“column total”)
• deilasumma (“divisor sum”)
• dulritunargátsumma (“cryptographic checksum”)
• dulritunarprófsumma (“cryptographic checksum”)
• ferningasumma (“sum of squares”)
• ferningssumma frávika (“deviance”)
• gátsumma (“checksum”)
• heildarsumma (“grand total, total, total sum”)
• hjátrefjasumma (“cofibred sum”)
• hlutsumma (“partial sum”)
• hornasumma (“angle sum”)
• liðun í beina summu (“direct decomposition”)
• línusamtala (“row total”)
• línusumma (“row total”)
• lokasumma (“total, total sum”)
• núllsummuleikur (“zero-sum game”)
• prófsumma (“checksum”)
• summuaðferð (“method of summation”)
• summuferill (“ogive”)
• summumyndum (“summation”)
• summumyndunaraðferð (“method of summation”)
• summustúfur (“partial sum”)
• summutákn (“summation sign”)
• trefjasumma (“cofibred sum”)
• tvíveldasumma (“sum of squares”)
• tætisumma (“hash total”)
• undirsumma (“lower sum”)
• vigursumma (“resultant vector, vectorial sum”)
• víxlmerkjasumma (“alternating sum”)
• yfirsumma (“upper sum”)
• þversumma (“digit sum, transverse sum”)

 

Ingrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian сумма (summa).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsumːɑ/, [ˈs̠umː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsumːɑ/, [ˈʃumːɑ]
• Rhymes: -umː, -umːɑ
• Hyphenation: sum‧ma

Noun

summa

1. sum, amount
2. (arithmetic) sum (result of an addition)
   • 1937, N. S. Popova, translated by Mihailov and D. I. Efimov, Arifmetiikan oppikirja alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 8:

     Cislaa 132 kutsutaa summaks, a cisloja 38, 36, 32 ja 26 — lisättäviks.

     The number 132 is called the sum, and the numbers 38, 36, 32 and 26 are called the summands.

Declension

Declension of summa (type 3/koira, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	summa	summat
genitive	summan	summiin
partitive	summaa	summia
illative	summaa	summii
inessive	summaas	summiis
elative	summast	summist
allative	summalle	summille
adessive	summaal	summiil
ablative	summalt	summilt
translative	summaks	summiks
essive	summanna, summaan	summinna, summiin
exessive1)	summant	summint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• suursummain

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 550

Latin

Etymology 1

From summus, superlative of superus (“upper, higher”).

Pronunciation

• summa: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈs̠ʊmːä]
• summa: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]
• summā: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.maː/, [ˈs̠ʊmːäː]
• summā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]

Noun

summa f (genitive summae); first declension

1. top, summit, highest point or place
2. the principal or main thing
3. (also mathematics) sum, summary, total
4. (Medieval Latin) the quarter, an English unit of weight and volume equal to ¼ ton or tun or 8 bushels
   • c. 1300, Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris:

     Saccus lane debet ponderare viginti & octo petras & solebat ponderare unam summam frumenti

     A sack of wool ought to weigh twenty & eight stone & is accustomed to weigh one quarter of wheat.

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	summa	summae
genitive	summae	summārum
dative	summae	summīs
accusative	summam	summās
ablative	summā	summīs
vocative	summa	summae

Derived terms

• ad summam
• summa summārum
• summālis
• summare
• summārium
• summās
• summātim
• summātus

 

Related terms

• superus

Descendants

• → Albanian: shumë
• Aromanian: sumã
• → Catalan: suma
• → English: summa, sum
• French: somme
• Friulian: sume
• Galician: soma
• → German: Summe, Summa (archaic)
• → Irish: suim
• Italian: somma
• → Old Polish: suma (learned)
  • Polish: suma
  • Silesian: suma
• Portuguese: soma
• → Romanian: sumă
• → Russian: су́мма (súmma)
• Sicilian: suma
• Spanish: soma
• → Spanish: suma

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• summa: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈs̠ʊmːä]
• summa: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]
• summā: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.maː/, [ˈs̠ʊmːäː]
• summā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]

Adjective

summa

1. inflection of summus:
   1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Adjective

summā

1. ablative feminine singular of summus

Etymology 3

From summum (“highest place”), from summus, superlative of superus (“upper, higher”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈs̠ʊmːä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]

Noun

summa

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of summum

References

• “summa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “summa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• summa in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• summa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to live to a very great age: ad summam senectutem pervenire
    
  • to be reduced to (abject) poverty: ad egestatem, ad inopiam (summam omnium rerum) redigi
    
  • to attain to the highest eminence: ad summam auctoritatem pervenire
    
  • to become famous, distinguish oneself: gloriam colligere, in summam gloriam venire
    
  • to dwell only on the main points: res summas attingere
    
  • to be plunged into the depths of despair: ad (summam) desperationem pervenire, adduci (B. C. 2. 42)
    
  • to rouse a person's expectation, curiosity to the highest pitch: aliquem in summam exspectationem adducere (Tusc. 1. 17. 39)
    
  • to compute the total of anything: summam facere alicuius rei
    
  • to elevate to the highest dignity: aliquem ad summam dignitatem perducere (B. G. 7. 39)
    
  • to confer supreme power on a person: imperium, rerum summam deferre alicui
    
  • to be commander-in-chief: imperii summam tenere (Rep. 2. 28)
    
  • to be commander-in-chief: imperii summae praeesse
    
  • to appoint some one commander-in-chief: imperii summam deferre alicui or ad aliquem, tradere alicui
    
  • to sum up..: ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam
    
  • (ambiguous) the surface of the water: summa aqua
    
  • (ambiguous) in the height of summer, depth of winter: summa aestate, hieme
    
  • (ambiguous) to be entirely destitute; to be a beggar: in summa egestate or mendicitate esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to be bound by the closest ties of friendship: artissimo amicitiae vinculo or summa familiaritate cum aliquo coniunctum esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to be in a dignified position: dignitas est summa in aliquo
    
  • (ambiguous) to be in a dignified position: summa dignitate praeditum esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to praise, extol, commend a person: (maximis, summis) laudibus efferre aliquem or aliquid
    
  • (ambiguous) to have reached the highest pinnacle of eminence: summa gloria florere
    
  • (ambiguous) ideal perfection: absolutio et perfectio (not summa perfectio)
    
  • (ambiguous) the learned men are most unanimous in..: summa est virorum doctissimorum consensio (opp. dissensio)
    
  • (ambiguous) to honour the gods with all due ceremonial (very devoutly): deum rite (summa religione) colere
    
  • (ambiguous) to stand in very intimate relations to some one: summa necessitudine aliquem contingere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be in severe pecuniary straits: in summa difficultate nummaria versari (Verr. 2. 28. 69)
    
  • (ambiguous) the welfare of the state: summa res publica (or summa rei publicae)
    
  • (ambiguous) to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour: summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria)
    
  • (ambiguous) the command-in-chief: summa belli, imperii (B. G. 2. 4. 7)
    
  • (ambiguous) deep peace: summa pax
    

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• summet

Verb

summa

1. inflection of summe:
   1. simple past
   2. past participle

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin summa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/
• Rhymes: -umma
• Syllabification: sum‧ma

Noun

summa f

1. (historical) summa (medieval didactics literary genre written in Latin, born during the 12th century, and popularized in 13th century Europe)
2. summa (comprehensive summary of, or treatise on a subject, especially theology or philosophy)

   Synonym: podsumowanie

3. summa (culmination or archetypal example)

Declension

Declension of summa

	singular	plural
nominative	summa	summy
genitive	summy	summ
dative	summie	summom
accusative	summę	summy
instrumental	summą	summami
locative	summie	summach
vocative	summo	summy

Further reading

• summa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• summa in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• summa in PWN's encyclopedia

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin summa.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

summa c

1. sum, result of addition
2. amount of money

Declension

Declension of summa

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	summa	summas
	definite	summan	summans
plural	indefinite	summor	summors
	definite	summorna	summornas

Derived terms

• borgenssumma
• bötessumma
• engångssumma
• fantasisumma
• försäkringssumma
• försäljningssumma
• garantisumma
• huvudsumma
• hyressumma
• inköpssumma
• jättesumma
• klumpsumma
• köpesumma
• lånesumma
• lönesumma
• lösensumma
• lösesumma
• penningsumma
• poängsumma
• prissumma
• rekordsumma
• slutsumma
• småsumma
• stipendiesumma
• struntsumma
• summa summarum
• summakolumn
• totalsumma
• transfersumma
• tvärsumma
• utgiftssumma
• vinkelsumma
• vinstsumma
• övergångssumma

 

Further reading

• summa in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
• summa in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Anagrams

• mumsa