sycophant
English
editEtymology
editFirst attested in 1537. From Latin sȳcophanta (“informer, trickster”), from Ancient Greek συκοφάντης (sukophántēs), itself from σῦκον (sûkon, “fig”) + φαίνω (phaínō, “I show, demonstrate”). The gesture of "showing the fig" was a vulgar one, which was made by sticking the thumb between two fingers, a display which vaguely resembles a fig, which is itself symbolic of a σῦκον (sûkon), which also meant vulva. The story behind this etymology is that politicians in ancient Greece steered clear of displaying that vulgar gesture, but secretly urged their followers to taunt their opponents by using it.
Cognate with Italian sicofante, Spanish sicofanta.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsycophant (plural sycophants)
- One who uses obsequious compliments to gain self-serving favour or advantage from another; a servile flatterer.
- Synonyms: ass-kisser, brown noser, suck-up, yes man; see also Thesaurus:sycophant
- 1683, John Dryden, The Art of Poetry:
- A sycophant will everything admire: / Each verse, each sentence, sets his soul on fire
- 1743, Henry Fielding, “Of True Greatness. An Epistle to George Dodington, Esq”, in Miscellanies, […], volume I, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 3:
- VVhile a mean Crovvd of Sycophants attend, / And favvn and flatter, creep and cringe and bend; / The Fav'rite bleſſes his ſuperior State, / Riſes o'er all, and hails Himſelf the Great.
- One who seeks to gain through the powerful and influential.
- Synonyms: parasite, flunky, lackey; see also Thesaurus:sycophant
- (obsolete) An informer; a talebearer.
- a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:
- [H]is mind had no eye to espy goodness; and therefore accusing sycophants, of all men, did best sort to his nature.
Derived terms
editTranslations
editone who uses compliments to gain self-serving favor or advantage from another person.
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Verb
editsycophant (third-person singular simple present sycophants, present participle sycophanting, simple past and past participle sycophanted)
- (transitive, obsolete) To inform against; hence, to calumniate.
- 1642, John Milton, Apology for Smectymnuus:
- As therefore he began in the title, so in the next leaf he makes it his first business to tamper with his reader by sycophanting and misnaming the work of his adversary.
- (transitive, rare) To play the sycophant toward; to flatter obsequiously.
Further reading
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Categories:
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- (shine)
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- English 3-syllable words
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