tīrs

See also: tirs

Latvian

Etymology

From the past tense stem *tīr- of an earlier verb *tirt (“to rub”), from Proto-Baltic *tir-, from the zero grade *tr̥- of Proto-Indo-European *ter- (“to rub, to rub by turning, twisting; to turn, to drill”), whence also Latvian trīt (“to whet”), and also Russian тереть (teretʹ, “to rub, to scrub”), dialectal тирать (tiratʹ). Cognates include Lithuanian tyrùs (“bright, light, clean; fresh; without vegetation, empty”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [tīːɾs]

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Adjective

tīrs (definite tīrais, comparative tīrāks, superlative vistīrākais, adverb tīri)

(of objects) clean (which is not dirty, has no stains, no undesirable substances, etc.)
tīrs apģērbs, galdauts ― clean clothing, tablecloth

tīra glāze ― clean glass

tīra grīda ― clean floor

tīra istaba ― clean room

tīrs ciemats ― clean village

Kārlis nolēma uzklāt gultai tīrus palagus ― Kārlis decided to put clean sheets on the bed

lai turētu mājas arvien tīras, lapas sagrāba un sakrāva orēs ― in order to keep the house(s) always clean, he gathered all the leaves and shoveled them into carts
(of living beings, their bodies) clean (such that it has no dirt, stains, etc. on any body part, clothes, etc.)
tīras rokas ― clean hands

tīri mati ― clean hair

tīrs suns ― clean dog

strēlnieki dzied klusu, sejas tīras, skūtas ― the riflemen sing quiently, (their) faces clean, shaven

kaķis ir vienmēr vientuļš apdzīvotā mājā, vienmēr skaists un tīrs ― the cat is always lonely in an inhabited house, always nice and clean
(of substances) pure, clean (not containing any unnecessary or undesirable impurities)
tīrs zelts ― pure gold

tīrs parafīns ― pure paraffin

tīrs māls ― pure clay

ķīmiski tīrs benzols ― chemically pure benzene

tīrs ūdens, gaiss ― clean water, air

ūdens silts un tīrs; katru akmentiņu un lielāku smilšu graudu var skaidri cauri redzēt ― the water is warm and clean; every little stone or larger grain of sand can be clearly seen through (it)
(of technology) clean (such that it does not pollute the environment)
jauniem enerģijas avotiem jāatbilst divām pamatprasībām: tiem jābūt spēcīgiem un ekoloģiski tīriem ― new energy sources must meet two basic requirements: they must be powerful and ecologically clean
clean, empty, clear (in which something is not; which is not filled with, taken by, something; from which something was removed)
no nezālēm tīra augsne ― soil clean of weeds

tīrā papuve ― the clean fallow (= with no crops)

tīra papīra lapa ― clean, empty page (= with nothing written on it)

tīra tāfele ― clean, empty blackboard

tīrs audekls ― clean, empty canvas

debesis bija tīras, neviena mākonīša ― the sky was clear, not a single little cloud
(of money, resources) net (calculated by excluding certain component elements)
tīrais ienākums ― net income

tīrais laiks ― net time

tīrā produkcija ― net production

vecais aprēķināja, ka saņēmis trīspadsmit latus un deviņdesmit vienu santīmu un, ja atskaitīja ceļa naudu, tad tīrā peļņa tik un tā iznāca vairāk nekā divpadsmit latu ― the old man calculated that, having received thirty lats and ninety-one cents, if one deducts the travel money, then the net profit would come to more than twentyt lats
(of living beings) pure (such that no other species are involved in its origin)
tīras koku un krūmu sugas ― pure tree and shrub species

tīras rases ― pure races

tīras vietējās bites ― pure local bees

tīras asinis ― pure blood (e.g., horse)
(of people) pure, genuine, real (such that no other ethnic or social group, no other kinds of people are involved in a person's origin)
tīrs latvietis ― a pure, genuine Latvian

tīrs aristokrāts ― a pure, genuine aristocrat

tīrs pilsētnieks ― a real, genuine city person
(of topics) pure (existing by itself, without depending on others; not applied, not used for some goal outside of itself)
tīrā matemātika ― pure mathematics

tīrā zinātne ― pure science

tīrā māksla ― pure art
clean, pure, perfect (fully meeting a certain set of requirements, criteria, ideals, etc.)
tīrs tonis ― pure tone

tīrs soprāns ― pure soprano

baltu gaismu sadalot spektrā, iegūst tīrās spektrālās krāsas ― splitting white light into a spectrum, one obtains pure spectral colors

Annas Sakses valoda bija vicaur gramatiski pareiza, tīra un labskanīga ― Anna Sakse's language was grammatically correct, pure and well-sounding throughout

tie bija jauni cilvēki, ar labu apņemšanos, tīrām biogrāfijām un teicamiem raksturojumiem ― these were young people, committed to good, with clean, pure biographies and excellent characters

nav brīnums, ka jūsu mājā jaunā paaudze runā tīru latviešu valodu ― no wonder that the young generation in your house speaks pure Latvian
(of people, their behavior) pure, innocent (which corresponds consistently to certain moral norms or ideals)
tīra sirdsapziņa ― a clean conscience

tīra dzīve ― a clean, pure life

tīras jūtas ― pure, innocent feelings

tīrs prieks ― pure, innocent joy

tīra dvēsele ― pure, innocent soul

tīra sirds ― pure heart

domāju par Anitu, kāda viņa bija tad, kad tu viņu atvedi pie mums: tāda tīra, skaidra kā bērns ― I thought about Anita as she was when you brought her to us; pure and clear (= innocent) as a child

tādai vajag būt mīlestībai: tīrai; lai nav ko kaunēties ― such love should be: pure; so that there is nothing to be ashamed of

viņas smiekli ir tik tīri kā bērnam ― her laugh is as pure as a child's

ja es vēl ilgāk klusēšu, spēle vairs nebūs tīra, Sala domāja ― if I keep silent any longer, the game will not be clean (= honest) anymore
(usually definite forms) pure, sheer, perfect (which has all the relevant features and characteristics of its type)
tīrā patiesība ― the pure, sheer, naked truth

tīrā laime ― pure, sheer happiness

tīrā nejaušība ― sheer coincidence

tīrās muļķības ― pure, utter nonsense, stupidity

“jūs vēl esat tik jauniņa”, viņš sacīja, “vēl tīrais bērns” ― you are still so young, he said, still just (lit. a pure) child

Declension

indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of tīrs

	masculine (vīriešu dzimte)		feminine (sieviešu dzimte)
	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	tīrs	tīri	tīra	tīras
accusative (akuzatīvs)	tīru	tīrus	tīru	tīras
genitive (ģenitīvs)	tīra	tīru	tīras	tīru
dative (datīvs)	tīram	tīriem	tīrai	tīrām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	tīru	tīriem	tīru	tīrām
locative (lokatīvs)	tīrā	tīros	tīrā	tīrās
vocative (vokatīvs)	—	—	—	—

Synonyms

(of "pure" (people, behavior)): nevainīgs
(of "clear" (liquid, air)): skaidrs, dzidrs
(of "corresponding to certain ideals"): īsts

Antonyms

netīrs

Derived terms

Related terms

References

^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “tīrs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎^[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[1] Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “tīrs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎^[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[1]