ta³¹

See also: tʰa³⁵, taʔ³¹, ta̠ʔ⁵⁵, tʰaʔ⁵⁵, and tʰɔʔ⁵⁵

Pela

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ta³¹/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik (“one”), with the coda -k dropped. Cognate with, Burmese တစ် (tac), Nuosu ꋍ (cyp), Old Chinese 隻 (*tjaːɡ, “single”), Tibetan གཅིག (gcig, “one”), Nusu thi̱⁵³, Lisu ꓕꓲꓽ (tʰì), Hani qiq, Naxi ddeeq, Tangut 𘎤 (*tjɨ¹, “one”), Japhug tɤɣ and Situ kə tᴇk. Compare Lhao Vo da, Zaiwa ra and Longchuan Achang ta⁵⁵.

Numeral

Pela numbers ^(edit)

		10
		1	2  →	10  →
Cardinal: ta³¹     Ordinal: nam³¹pat⁵⁵ ta³¹

ta³¹ (reduced form tă-)

1. one

Derived terms

• i̠³⁵ ta³¹ nɛʔ⁵⁵ (“several days”)
• tă ja⁵⁵ (“ one hundred”)
• tă tsap³¹ (“a moment; a while”)
• tă tʃɿ³⁵ (“a few, a little”)
• tă tʰai⁵⁵ (“ten”)
• tă xɛ̃³⁵ (“other”)

 

Etymology 2

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“eat”). Cognate with Burmese စား (ca:), Tibetan ཟ (za), Old Chinese 咀 (*ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ, “chew”), Nuosu ꋠ (zze), Nusu dza⁵⁵, Lisu ꓜꓽ (dzɑ̀), Hani zaq, Naxi zzee, Tangut 𗡅 (*dzji¹), Situ ka za, Khroskyabs dzî and Jingpho sha. Compare Lhao Vo zo:, Zaiwa zo, Longchuan Achang tɕɔ³¹ andHpon sà(ʔ).

Verb

ta³¹

Pela verb set

Base	ta³¹
Causative	ta̠³⁵

1. eat

Derived terms

• kʰau³¹ ta⁵¹ kʰau³¹ ʃauʔ⁵⁵ (“to eat and drink on the sly; furtive”)
• ta³¹ tsai⁵⁵ (“food”)
• ta³¹ ʃauʔ⁵⁵ (“eat and drink; livelihood”)
• ta⁵⁵ (“cooked rice; meal”)
• ta⁵⁵ ta⁵¹ (“to have a meal”)
• xa³¹ ta⁵¹ xa³¹ ʃauʔ⁵⁵ (“to earn a living (lit. to look for eating and drinking)”)

 

Etymology 3

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa ~ za (“child”). Cognate with Burmese သား (sa:), Tibetan བཙའ་བ (btsa' ba, “give birth”), Old Chinese 子 (*ʔslɯʔ, “child”), Nuosu ꌺ (sse, “son”), Nusu za⁵⁵ (“son”), Lisu ꓤꓽ (zɑ̀, “son; child”), Hani aq ssaq (“son”), Naxi sso (“son”), Tangut 𘁮 (*zjɨ̣¹), Situ tə tsa (“son”), Horpa ze (“son”), Jingpho sha (“son; child”) and Tedim Chin tâ (“son”). Compare Lhao Vo zo:, Zaiwa zo, Longchuan Achang tsɔ³¹ and Hpon ăsà (“son; child”).

Noun

ta³¹

1. child
2. offspring

   tʃʰɛ⁵⁵ a³¹ ŋai³¹ ta⁵¹.

   This is my child.

Derived terms

• ta³¹ maʔ⁵⁵ (“son-in-law”)
• ta³¹ tsam⁵⁵ (“twins”)
• tă au⁵⁵ (“niece; son-in-law”)
• tă ʃɔ̃⁵⁵ (“child”)

 

See also

• a³¹ nuŋ⁵⁵ (“mother”)
• a³¹ va⁵⁵ (“father”)
• mi̠⁵⁵ pʰa³¹ (“parents”)

Suffix

-ta³¹

1. (in compounds) member of a group, especially an ethnic one
2. (unproductive) noun diminutive suffix

Derived terms

• mɔ̃³¹ ta³¹ (“old person”)
• məi³¹ ta³¹ (“grandson; grandchild”)
• pə̆.la⁵⁵ ta³¹ (“ Pela person”)
• ta̠u̠ŋ⁵⁵ ta⁵¹ (“Jingpho people, Kachin people”)
• tʃɔŋ³¹ ta³¹ (“student”)
• ŋə̆ ta³¹ (“fish”)

 

Etymology 4

Compare Burmese သာ (sa), Lhao Vo zo: and Zaiwa za.

Particle

ta³¹

1. only, just
2. non-obligatory emphasiser of adverbial phrases

   kji³¹ ʃaʔ⁵⁵ tă ta³¹ ɛʔ⁵⁵!

   Eat till you are full!

   ŋa⁵⁵ maŋ³¹ ʃɿ³¹ mɛ̃³¹ tă tɛ̃⁵⁵ tă tă la³⁵ ɣu³⁵ vɛ³¹.

   I have been to Mangshi only once.

References

• Dai Qingxia, Jiang Ying, Kong Zhien, A Study of Pela Language (2007; Publishing House of Minority Nationalities, Beijing)
• Mangshi Jinghpo ethnicity Association of Development and Progress Studies(芒市景颇族发展进步研究学会)(ed.), Han-Zaiwa-Pela Dictionary (汉文载瓦文波拉语对译词典) (2018; Dehong Nationalities Publishing House, Mangshi)