teadma

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *teetädäk, probably derived from Proto-Finnic *tee (“road, way”) (modern Estonian tee). In this case the verb seems to have originally meant ’to know the way’. Cognates include Võro tiidmä, Livonian tied, Votic täätä; Finnish tietää, Ingrian tiitää, Livvi tiediä, Ludian tieta, Veps teta.

The standard language stem tead- originates from dialects, where the long vowel has diphthongized, which results in this word instead of the expected *teedma. Alternatively, the strong grade stem results from analogy with verb forms formed from weak grade (mostly present tense, *teedät > *teeat > tead "you know").

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈteɑ̯d̥mɑ/, [ˈteɑ̯d̥mɑ]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -eɑdmɑ
Hyphenation: tead‧ma

Verb

teadma (da-infinitive teada)

(transitive, usually atelic) to know (to have information, knowledge about something, to be aware of something)
(transitive, usually atelic) to know (to be acquainted or familiar with)
Synonym: tundma

Conjugation

Conjugation of teadma (ÕS type 34/saatma, d-ø gradation)

indicative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	tean	ei tea	1st sing.	olen teadnud	ei ole teadnud pole teadnud
2nd sing.	tead		2nd sing.	oled teadnud
3rd sing.	teab		3rd sing.	on teadnud
1st plur.	teame		1st plur.	oleme teadnud
2nd plur.	teate		2nd plur.	olete teadnud
3rd plur.	teavad		3rd plur.	on teadnud
impersonal	teatakse	ei teata	impersonal	on teatud	ei ole teatud pole teatud
past			pluperfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	teadsin	ei teadnud	1st sing.	olin teadnud	ei olnud teadnud polnud teadnud
2nd sing.	teadsid		2nd sing.	olid teadnud
3rd sing.	teadis		3rd sing.	oli teadnud
1st plur.	teadsime		1st plur.	olime teadnud
2nd plur.	teadsite		2nd plur.	olite teadnud
3rd plur.	teadsid		3rd plur.	oli teadnud
impersonal	teati	ei teatud	impersonal	oli teatud	ei olnud teatud polnud teatud
conditional
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	teaksin	ei teaks	1st sing.	teadnuksin oleksin teadnud	ei teadnuks ei oleks teadnud poleks teadnud
2nd sing.	teaksid		2nd sing.	teadnuksid oleksid teadnud
3rd sing.	teaks		3rd sing.	teadnuks oleks teadnud
1st plur.	teaksime		1st plur.	teadnuksime oleksime teadnud
2nd plur.	teaksite		2nd plur.	teadnuksite oleksite teadnud
3rd plur.	teaksid		3rd plur.	teadnuksid oleksid teadnud
impersonal	teataks	ei teataks	impersonal	oleks teatud	ei oleks teatud poleks teatud
imperative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.	tea	ära tea	2nd sing.	ole teadnud	ära ole teadnud
3rd sing.	teadku	ärgu teadku	3rd sing.	olgu teadnud	ärgu olgu teadnud
1st plur.	teadkem	ärme teame ärme tea ärgem teadkem	1st plur.	olgem teadnud	ärme oleme teadnud ärme ole teadnud ärgem olgem teadnud
2nd plur.	teadke	ärge teadke	2nd plur.	olge teadnud	ärge olge teadnud
3rd plur.	teadku	ärgu teadku	3rd plur.	olgu teadnud	ärgu olgu teadnud
impersonal	teatagu	ärgu teatagu	impersonal	olgu teatud	ärgu olgu teatud
quotative
present			perfect
voice	positive	negative	voice	positive	negative
active	teadvat	ei teadvat	active	olevat teadnud	ei olevat teadnud polevat teadnud
passive	teatavat	ei teatavat	passive	olevat teatud	ei olevat teatud polevat teatud
Nominal forms
ma-infinitive	active	passive	da-infinitive	present	past
nominative	teadma	teatama	nominative	teada	olla teadnud
illative	teadma	—	inessive	teades	olles teadnud
inessive	teadmas		participle	active	passive
elative	teadmast		present	teadev	teatav
translative	teadmaks		past	teadnud	teatud
abessive	teadmata		negative	teadmatu	—

Derived terms

adjectives

adverbs

nouns

verbs

phrases and phrasal verbs

Compounds

References

teadma in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
“teadma”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009