templum

Faroese

templum

Term of uncertain origin, with no parallels in other Italic languages.

Possibly a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *temp- (“to stretch, pull”),^[1]^[2]^[3] whence Latvian tem̃pti (“to pull, stretch”), Old Norse þǫmb (“bow”), and further possibly Proto-Slavic *tętivà (“bowstring”), Old Armenian թամբ (tʻamb, “saddle”). Assuming a shift from “to stretch” to “to measure”, meant as the calculation of the aruspices. Compare also extempulō and more distantly tempus, tendō.
Parallel formation to Ancient Greek τέμενος (témenos, “sacred enclosure”),^[4] reflecting Proto-Indo-European *témh₁-lom, from *temh₁- (“to cut”). The -p- would hence be epenthetic as in exemplum. Further related to temnō, tondeō.

templum n (genitive templī); second declension

Romance borrowings

→ Asturian: templu
→ Catalan: temple
→ Friulian: templi
→ Italian: tempio, templo
→ Occitan: temple
→ Old French: temple
- French: tempe
- → Middle English: temple
  - English: temple
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: templo
- Galician: templo
- Portuguese: templo
→ Old Spanish: templo
- Spanish: templo
→ Piedmontese: tempi, templi

Non-Romance borrowings

→ Albanian: tempull, tëmbla
→ Byzantine Greek: τέμπλον (témplon)
- Greek: τέμπλο (témplo)
→ Hungarian: templom
→ Old Irish: tempul (see there for further descendants)
→ Proto-Brythonic: *temple
- Breton: templ
- Cornish: tempel
- Middle Welsh: temhyl
  - Welsh: teml
→ Proto-West Germanic: *templ (see there for further descendants)

^ Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954) “templum”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 659ff.
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “temp-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1064f.
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 610f.
^ Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “templum”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎^[1] (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 681

“templum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“templum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
templum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
templum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to make a pilgrimage to the shrines of the gods: templa deorum adire
“templum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“templum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin