tricher

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French tricher, from Old French tricher, trichier (“to defraud, conceal, cheat”), of disputed origin. Possibly from Vulgar Latin *triccāre, from Late Latin tricāre, from Latin trīcārī (“dodge, shun, look for detours; quibble, haggle”), from trīcae. Compare Italian treccare, Old Occitan trichar, Catalan and Occitan trigar, Portuguese trigar.

Alternatively possibly of Germanic origin, from Middle High German trechen (as in zuotrechen (“to obtain falsely or deceitfully, wangle, finagle”)); compare also Middle Dutch treck, trec (“stratagem, ruse, guile, trick, sleight”), English trick. More at trick.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʁi.ʃe/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

tricher

1. to cheat

   Je l’ai vu tricher pendant le devoir surveillé.

   I saw him cheating during the test.

   • 1966, Jacques Brel (lyrics and music), “Ces gens-là”:

     Faut vous dire Monsieur que chez ces gens-là / On ne vit pas Monsieur, on ne vit pas, on triche

     You must know, sir, that with these people / They don't live, sir, they don't live, they cheat

Conjugation

Conjugation of tricher (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	tricher
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	trichant /tʁi.ʃɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		triché /tʁi.ʃe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	triche /tʁiʃ/	triches /tʁiʃ/	triche /tʁiʃ/	trichons /tʁi.ʃɔ̃/	trichez /tʁi.ʃe/	trichent /tʁiʃ/
	imperfect	trichais /tʁi.ʃɛ/	trichais /tʁi.ʃɛ/	trichait /tʁi.ʃɛ/	trichions /tʁi.ʃjɔ̃/	trichiez /tʁi.ʃje/	trichaient /tʁi.ʃɛ/
	past historic2	trichai /tʁi.ʃe/	trichas /tʁi.ʃa/	tricha /tʁi.ʃa/	trichâmes /tʁi.ʃam/	trichâtes /tʁi.ʃat/	trichèrent /tʁi.ʃɛʁ/
	future	tricherai /tʁiʃ.ʁe/	tricheras /tʁiʃ.ʁa/	trichera /tʁiʃ.ʁa/	tricherons /tʁiʃ.ʁɔ̃/	tricherez /tʁiʃ.ʁe/	tricheront /tʁiʃ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	tricherais /tʁiʃ.ʁɛ/	tricherais /tʁiʃ.ʁɛ/	tricherait /tʁiʃ.ʁɛ/	tricherions /tʁi.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/	tricheriez /tʁi.ʃə.ʁje/	tricheraient /tʁiʃ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	triche /tʁiʃ/	triches /tʁiʃ/	triche /tʁiʃ/	trichions /tʁi.ʃjɔ̃/	trichiez /tʁi.ʃje/	trichent /tʁiʃ/
	imperfect2	trichasse /tʁi.ʃas/	trichasses /tʁi.ʃas/	trichât /tʁi.ʃa/	trichassions /tʁi.ʃa.sjɔ̃/	trichassiez /tʁi.ʃa.sje/	trichassent /tʁi.ʃas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	triche /tʁiʃ/	—	trichons /tʁi.ʃɔ̃/	trichez /tʁi.ʃe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• tricheur

Further reading

• “tricher”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Old French

Verb

tricher

1. alternative infinitive of trichier

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of tricher (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		tricher			avoir triché
gerund		en trichant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		trichant
past participle		triché
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	triche	triches	triche	trichons	trichez	trichent
	imperfect	trichoie, tricheie, trichoe, tricheve	trichoies, tricheies, trichoes, tricheves	trichoit, tricheit, trichot, tricheve	trichiiens, trichiens	trichiiez, trichiez	trichoient, tricheient, trichoent, trichevent
	preterite	trichai	trichas	tricha	trichames	trichastes	tricherent
	future	tricherai	tricheras	trichera	tricherons	tricheroiz, trichereiz, tricherez	tricheront
	conditional	tricheroie, trichereie	tricheroies, trichereies	tricheroit, trichereit	tricheriiens, tricheriens	tricheriiez, tricheriez	tricheroient, trichereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	triche	triches	triche	trichons	trichez	trichent
	imperfect	trichasse	trichasses	trichast	trichissons, trichissiens	trichissoiz, trichissez, trichissiez	trichassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	triche	—	trichons	trichez	—

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Greek τρικέρι (trikéri).

Noun

tricher n (plural trichere)

1. triple candlestick

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	tricher	tricherul		trichere	tricherele
genitive-dative	tricher	tricherului		trichere	tricherelor
vocative	tricherule			tricherelor