vanus

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vanhuc.

Noun

vanus (genitive vanuse, partitive vanust)

1. age

Declension

Declension of vanus (ÕS type 9/katus, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		vanus	vanused
accusative	nom.
	gen.	vanuse
genitive			vanuste
partitive		vanust	vanuseid
illative		vanusesse	vanustesse vanuseisse
inessive		vanuses	vanustes vanuseis
elative		vanusest	vanustest vanuseist
allative		vanusele	vanustele vanuseile
adessive		vanusel	vanustel vanuseil
ablative		vanuselt	vanustelt vanuseilt
translative		vanuseks	vanusteks vanuseiks
terminative		vanuseni	vanusteni
essive		vanusena	vanustena
abessive		vanuseta	vanusteta
comitative		vanusega	vanustega

Derived terms

• vanusepiir

Further reading

• “vanus”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
• “vanus”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
• “vanus”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
• vanus in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *wānos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“empty, leave, abandon, give out”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *wanaz, Sanskrit ऊन (ūná).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈu̯aː.nus/, [ˈu̯äːnʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈva.nus/, [ˈväːnus]

Adjective

vānus (feminine vāna, neuter vānum, superlative vānissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. vain, empty, vacant, void

   Synonyms: vacuus, inānis, irritus

   Antonyms: plenus, refertus, opīmus, implētus, explētus, complētus, frequens

   • 4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, 2 Paralipomenon 32:15

     non vos ergo decipiat Ezechias nec vana persuasione deludat neque credatis ei si enim nullus potuit deus cunctarum gentium atque regnorum liberare populum suum de manu mea et de manu patrum meorum consequenter nec Deus vester poterit eruere vos de hac manu (Therefore let not Ezechias deceive you, nor delude you with a vain persuasion, and do not believe him. For if no god of all the nations and kingdoms, could deliver his people out of my hand, and out of the hand of my fathers, consequently neither shall your God be able to deliver you out of my hand.)

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. unsubstantial
3. (figuratively) groundless, baseless, meaningless, pointless, worthless, ineffectual, mindless, empty, idle, without foundation
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.287:

     “Ille nihil, nec mē quaerentem vāna morātur, [...].”

     “[About all of] that, [Hector says] nothing, nor does my idle inquiry delay him, [...].”

4. ostentatious, boastful
5. deceptive, untrustworthy

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	vānus	vāna	vānum		vānī	vānae	vāna
genitive	vānī	vānae	vānī		vānōrum	vānārum	vānōrum
dative	vānō	vānae	vānō		vānīs
accusative	vānum	vānam	vānum		vānōs	vānās	vāna
ablative	vānō	vānā	vānō		vānīs
vocative	vāne	vāna	vānum		vānī	vānae	vāna

Related terms

• vānēscō
• vānitās
• vānum

Descendants

• Italian: vano
  • → Romanian: van
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: va
• Old French: vain, vaine
  • French: vain
  • → Middle English: vein
    • English: vain
    • Scots: vane, vain, vaine
• Piedmontese: van
• West Iberian
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: vão
    • Galician: van
    • Portuguese: vão
  • Old Spanish:
    • Spanish: vano
• ⇒ Aromanian: vãnãt
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: vānitāre (or from vānitās)
  • Italian: vantare
  • Old French: vanter, vaunter
    • French: vanter
    • → Middle English: vaunten
      • English: vaunt
      • Scots: vaunt
  • Romanian: *vânta
    • ⇒? Romanian: vântă
• →⇒ English: vaniloquence

References

• “vanus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “vanus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vanus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• vanus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.