wꜣḏ

Egyptian

Etymology

Possibly from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *wrḳ-. If so, cognate with Proto-Semitic *waraq- (“green”).

Pronunciation

 

• (verb): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːʀacʼ/ → /ˈwaːʀatʼ/ → /ˈwaːʔətʼ/ → /ˈwoːʔətʼ/

• (verb): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːʀacʼ/
• (verb): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːʀatʼ/
• (verb): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːʔətʼ/
• (verb): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwoːʔətʼ/

 

• (adjective): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːʀicʼ/ → /ˈwaːʀitʼ/ → /ˈwaːʔətʼ/ → /ˈwoːʔətʼ/

• (adjective): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːʀicʼ/
• (adjective): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːʀitʼ/
• (adjective): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːʔətʼ/
• (adjective): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwoːʔətʼ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɑd͡ʒ/
  • Conventional anglicization: wadj

Noun

 m

1. papyrus stem (with an umbel)
2. symbol of Lower Egypt

Inflection

Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)

singular	wꜣḏ
dual	wꜣḏwj
plural	wꜣḏw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  

wꜣḏ	wꜣḏ	wꜣḏ

Noun

 m

1. (usually in the plural) a papyriform column or pillar

Inflection

Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)

singular	wꜣḏ
dual	wꜣḏwj
plural	wꜣḏw

Noun

 m

1. a papyrus-stem-shaped amulet conveying freshness and vigour

Inflection

Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)

singular	wꜣḏ
dual	wꜣḏwj
plural	wꜣḏw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  

wꜣḏ	wꜣḏ

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) green
2. (intransitive) to be(come) fresh
3. (intransitive) to thrive, to flourish

Inflection

Conjugation of wꜣḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wꜣḏ, geminated stem: wꜣḏḏ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
wꜣḏ	wꜣḏw, wꜣḏ	wꜣḏt	wꜣḏ	wꜣḏ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
wꜣḏ	ḥr wꜣḏ	m wꜣḏ	r wꜣḏ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	wꜣḏ.n	consecutive	wꜣḏ.jn
terminative	wꜣḏt
perfective3	wꜣḏ	obligative1	wꜣḏ.ḫr
imperfective	wꜣḏ
prospective3	wꜣḏ	potentialis1	wꜣḏ.kꜣ
subjunctive	wꜣḏ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	wꜣḏ.n	—	—
perfective	wꜣḏ	wꜣḏ	wꜣḏ, wꜣḏw5, wꜣḏy5
imperfective	wꜣḏ, wꜣḏy, wꜣḏw5	wꜣḏ, wꜣḏj6, wꜣḏy6	wꜣḏ, wꜣḏw5
prospective	wꜣḏ, wꜣḏtj7	wꜣḏtj4, wꜣḏt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  

wꜣḏ	wꜣḏ	wꜣd

Derived terms

• wꜣḏw
• wꜣḏ-wr
• wꜣḏt
• swꜣḏ

 

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)

Adjective

1. perfective active participle of wꜣḏ: green, fresh, thriving, vigorous

Inflection

Declension of wꜣḏ (perfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	wꜣḏ	wꜣḏt
dual	wꜣḏwj	wꜣḏtj
plural	wꜣḏw	wꜣḏwt1, wꜣḏt2
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

Derived terms

See under the verb above.

Descendants

• Old Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)

See also

Colors in Egyptian · (jwnw) (layout · text)
basic colors	(ḥḏ)	(km)	(dšr)	(wꜣḏ)
nonbasic colors	(qnjt)	(ḫsbḏ)	(jrtjw)

Noun

 m

1. malachite

Inflection

Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)

singular	wꜣḏ
dual	wꜣḏwj
plural	wꜣḏw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  

wꜣḏ	wꜣḏ	wꜣḏ

Noun

 m

1. the happy or fortunate

Inflection

Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)

singular	wꜣḏ
dual	wꜣḏwj
plural	wꜣḏw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  

wꜣḏ

Noun

 m

1. offspring, generally in reference to the king as son of a god or Horus as son of Osiris

Inflection

Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)

singular	wꜣḏ
dual	wꜣḏwj
plural	wꜣḏw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  

wꜣḏ	wꜣḏ

Noun

 m

1. green plants in general

Inflection

Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)

singular	wꜣḏ
dual	wꜣḏwj
plural	wꜣḏw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  

wꜣḏ	wꜣḏ	wꜣḏ

Noun

 m

1. grain

Inflection

Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)

singular	wꜣḏ
dual	wꜣḏwj
plural	wꜣḏw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ  

wꜣḏ

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN