See also: Werfen

German

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Etymology

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From Middle High German wërfen, from Old High German werfan, from Proto-West Germanic *werpan, from Proto-Germanic *werpaną. Cognate with Old Saxon werpan, Dutch werpen, English warp.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈvɛrfən/, [ˈvɛʁ-], [ˈvɛɐ̯-], [ˈʋɛʁ-], [ˈʋɛɐ̯-], [-fən], [-fn̩], [-fɱ̍]
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  • Audio:(file)

Verb

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werfen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present wirft, past tense warf, past participle geworfen, past subjunctive würfe, auxiliary haben)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to throw
  2. (transitive, computing, exception handling) to throw
    Der Konstruktor mit dem einen Parameter wirft in diesem Falle eine Ausnahme.
    The constructor with this one parameter throws an exception in this case.
  3. (transitive) to cast; to project
    einen Schatten werfento cast a shadow
    ein Bild an/auf die Wand werfento project an image on the wall
  4. (transitive, intransitive) to give birth (of some animals)
    Die Sau wirft ihre Jungen.
    The sow is birthing her young.
  5. (reflexive) to throw oneself (on a bed etc.)

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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Further reading

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Luxembourgish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle High German werfen, from Old High German werfan, from Proto-Germanic *werpaną.

While the verb as such is probably inherited, the form seems to have undergone an irregular development, perhaps under influence of German werfen; the regular development is found in dialectal wierfen.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈværfen/, [ˈvæχ.fən]

Verb

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werfen (third-person singular present wërft, past participle geworf, auxiliary verb hunn)

  1. (intransitive, transitive) to throw; to toss
  2. (transitive) to cast; to throw (a glance, look, etc.)
    e Bléck werfento cast a glance; to take a look
  3. (reflexive) to throw oneself

Conjugation

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Irregular
infinitive werfen
participle geworf
auxiliary hunn
present
indicative
imperative
1st singular werfen
2nd singular wërfs werf
3rd singular wërft
1st plural werfen
2nd plural werft werft
3rd plural werfen
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel.

Synonyms

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Middle High German

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Etymology

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From Old High German werfan, from Proto-Germanic *werpaną. Akin to Old Saxon werpan, Dutch werpen, Old English weorpan.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈwɛrfən/

Verb

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wërfen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present wirfet, past tense warf, past participle geworfen, past subjunctive würfe, auxiliary hān)

  1. to throw

Conjugation

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Descendants

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  • Central Franconian: werpe, werfe (Moselle Franconian; now also Ripuarian via standard German)
  • German: werfen
  • Luxembourgish: werfen
  • Yiddish: וואַרפֿן (varfn)

References

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  • Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “wërfen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
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