zullen
Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Dutch solen, suelen, sollen, sullen, from Old Dutch sulan, from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną. Compare German sollen, English shall, Danish skulle.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editzullen
- (auxiliary, present tense) used to form the future tense of a verb, together with an infinitive; will, going to
- Ik zal zingen.
- I shall sing.
- Het zal toch niet werken.
- It will not work anyway.
- Dat zal niet gebeuren.
- That will not happen.
- (auxiliary, past tense) used to form the conditional mood of a verb, together with an infinitive; would
- Het werk zou nu af zijn geweest als jij je niet had verslapen.
- The work would have been finished now if you hadn't overslept.
- Dat zou ik niet doen als ik jou was.
- I would not do that if I were you.
- (modal auxiliary) used to indicate intent or disposition to perform an action in the future: will, shall, be going to, may, might
- Het zou vandaag regenen.
- It was going to rain today.
- Zal ik eerst gaan?
- Shall I go first?
Usage notes
edit- In the second-person singular, the forms je / u zult and je / u zal are both entirely correct, but the latter is considered more informal in the Netherlands; especially u zal is rarely seen in writing. In Belgium both sets of forms are used interchangeably.[1][2][3] Historically, u (U. E. in obsolete usage) was a third-person pronoun and very often took zal (or sal), although second-person forms of zullen are often attested early as well.
- Like most Germanic languages, Dutch prefers to use the present tense when the context already expresses the future: Volgende week koop ik een nieuwe auto. (“Next week I [will] buy a new car.”) The future tense is used chiefly when needed for comprehension. Using it in sentences such as the aforementioned is grammatical, but may sound clumsy especially when repeated in consecutive sentences.
Conjugation
editConjugation of zullen (preterite-present) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | zullen | |||
past singular | zou | |||
past participle | — | |||
infinitive | zullen | |||
gerund | zullen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | zal | zou | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | zult, zal, zul2 | zou | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | zult, zal | zou | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | zult | zoudt | ||
3rd person singular | zal | zou | ||
plural | zullen | zouden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | zulle | zoude | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | zullen | zouden | ||
imperative sing. | zal | |||
imperative plur.1 | zult | |||
participles | zullend | — | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Descendants
editReferences
edit- ^ Wat is goed: ‘Je zult wel moe zijn’ of ‘Je zal wel moe zijn’? at OnzeTaal.nl
- ^ U wil, zal, kan / wilt, zult, kunt at Taaladvies.net
- ^ 2.3.6.6 Zullen in Algemene Nederlandse Spraakkunst
Categories:
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