Lombard/Adverbs and adverbial locutions

Lombard language course
Morphology of Lombard language

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Adjectives • Adjective degrees
Pronouns • Subject personal pronouns •• Object and term personal pronouns •• Pronominal and adverbial particles - Demonstrative pronouns •• Possessive pronouns •• Indefinite pronouns
Verbs • Moods and tenses •• Infinitive •• Gerund and gerundial complements •• Participle - Present Indicative •• Past Indicative (Perfect Indicative) •• Imperfect Indicative •• Past Perfect Indicative •• Simple Future Indicative •• Compound Future Indicative •• Present Subjunctive •• Past Subjunctive (Perfect Subjunctive) •• Imperfect Subjunctive •• Past Perfect Subjunctive •• Present Conditional •• Past Conditional •• Present Imperative •• Future Imperative •• Continuous construction ••• Irregular verbs
••• Auxiliary verbs
••• Modal verbs
••• Phrasal verbs
Prepositions and prepositional locutions
Adverbs and adverbial locutions
Pronominal and adverbial particles
Negation
Other constructions replacing the adverbs "easily" and "hardly"
Conjunctions and conjunctive locutions

The reference orthography for this page of Lombard course is New Lombard orthography

Adverb and adverbial locution of manner

Lombard adverb	Translation into English
ben	(a) well; (b) OK^[1]; (c) good^[1]
benon	very well
mal	(a) bad; (b) badly
mej	(a) better
pesg	(a) worse
inscì	(a) so; (b) thus; (c) such

↑ ^a ^b These are adjectives in English, but some lombard constructions in the type "andà" + adverb (the verb used is "andà", "to go") are transformed into English with "to be" + adjective

Under the influence of Italian language, a class of adverbs of manner has established itself, formed from the root of the adjective followed by the ending -ament:

giustament = rightly, justly

In other cases, there are some periphrases:

a la svelta = quickly

However, there are also cases of adverbs typical only of Lombard:

inevid: reluctantly, unwillingly
adasi: slowly

Adverb locutions are also widespread:

a bellasi: slowly
in genoggion: kneeling, on one's knees
a tomborlon: tumbling down
de balosset: cunningly
de cativ: badly
adasi adasi = very slowly

Adverbs and adverbial locutions of place

Adverbs of place

Lombard adverb	Translation into English	Dialet
adree (1)	(1) after (with approach motion); (2) in tow
adass (1)	below	(1) MI
dedree (1)	behind (state in place)	(1) MI
debass (1)	down, downstairs	(1) MI
apress (1) aproeuv (2)	close, near	(1) MI (2) BG
arent (1)	close
vesin (1) visin (2)	close
lontan (1)	far
dessoravia (1)	above (with enfasis for being abel to stay above or for occpying even the space above), afloat
denanz (1)	in front
impari (1)	(a) perfectly side by side and not a bit ahead or a bit behind (b) in comparison (one next to the other also in a figurative sense in order to make a comparison)
inanz (1)	forward
contra (1)	against
intorna (1) entoren (2)	around	(1) MI (2) BG
indree (1)	(a) back; (b) behind
(in) depertut (1) dapartut (2)	everywhere	(1) MI BG (2) VA
(in) depermì (in) depertì (in) depertì (in) deperlù/(in) deperlee (in) depernun (in) depervialter (in) depelor / (in) depelor	alone (1st person singular) alone (2nd person singular) alone (3rd person singular masculine/feminine) alone (1st person plural) alone (2nd person plural) alone (3rd person plural masculine/feminine)
lì (1) là (2)	there, there
lilinscì (1)	there (in reference to the activity carried out or to be carried out there), in that place
chì (1) scià (2)	here
chichinscì (1)	here (in reference to the activity carried out or to be carried out here), in this place
chì-lò (1) chì-loga (2)	here (in reference to the activity carried out or to be carried out here), in this place	(1-2) MI (archaic)
tut-intorna (1)	all around

Interrogative adverbs of place

Used for the construction of the interrogative sentences about the site/location/place.

Adverb	Translation into English	Examples	Dialects
indove (1a)^[1] indova (2a)^[1] indovè (1b-2b)^[2]	Where
de indove (1a)^[1] de indova (2a)^[1] de indovè (1b-2b)^[2]	Where .... from

Note

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d if placed at the beginning of the sentence
↑ ^a ^b if placed at the end of the sentence

Adverbial locutions of place

Locuzione avverbiale	Traduzione in italiano	Esempi	Dialet
a galla (1)	afloat
a uss a uss (1)	neighbours^[1]
chì adree (1)	nearby		MI
depos a l'uss (1)	close to home
(in) de tute i part (1)	everywhere
(in) de qualsessia part (1)	anywhere, in any place
de dree (1)	behind (state in place)
de facia (1)	opposite (state in place)
de foeura (1)	outside
de dent (1)	inside
de sora (1)	(1) above; (2) upstairs
de sota (1)	below, under
de bass (1)	downstairs
de là (1)	beyond???
in fond (1)	(1) at the end; at the bottom, down
indove (1)	where (as a pronoun) to construct relative sentences
in mez (1)	in the middle
in pari (1)	(a) perfectly side by side and not a bit ahead or a bit behind (b) in comparison (one next to the other also in a figurative sense in order to make a comparison)
a voltra (1)	out, to the surface (becoming visible while it wasn't before)	vegnì a voltra	MI
in groppa (1)	on one's back
(in) d'una quai part (1)	somewhere
in tut i canton (1)	everywhere		MI
lì adree (1)	in the neighborhood		MI

Note

↑ in English it is translated with this noun following the verb to be

Interrogative adverbial locutions of place

Used for the construction of interrogative sentences and dubitative sentences

Locution	English translation	Examples	Dialect
in de che part (1)	which way

Adverbial particle "ghe"

►►► see ►►► Adverbial particles

Adverbs and adverbial locutions of time

Adverbs of time

Adverb	Translation into English	Dialect	Corresponding conjuctive locution	Translation into English
ancamò (1) anmò (2) amò (3)	(a) again (b) still (c) yet		-
adess (1)	(a) now (b) right now		-
dessadess (1) adsedess (2) delsadess (3)	just now
despess (1)	often		-
doman	tomorrow
dopo (1) despeou (2)	later		dopo che	after
finalment (1)	finally		-
finadess (1)	(a) so far (b) up to now (c) until now		-
sgiamò (1)	already	(1) MI BG	-
incoeu (1) ancoeu (2)	today	(1) MI (2) BG
instora (1)	at this moment	(1) MI (arcaico)	-
intratanta (1)	meanwhile, in the meantime		-
intanta (1)	meanwhile		intanta che	while
jer	yesterday
mai (1)	(a) never (b) ever		-
meneman (1) maneman (2)	gradually		maneman che	as quickly as, hand in hand that
nananmò (1) gnamò (2) nancamò (3) nanmò (4) nonanmò (5)	not...yet		-
oramai (1) ormai (2)	by now	(1) MI (2) MI	-
poeu (1) po (2)	then	(1) MI (2) BG	-
prima (1)	before		prima che	before
pù (1) pioeù (2)	(a) not anymore (b) no longer	(1) MI (2) BG		-
inanz (1)	before		inanz che	before
semper (1) sempro (2)	always	(1) MI (2) Lagh	semper che	assuming (that)
sovenz (1)	frequently often
subit	immediatly, right away

Adverbial locution of time

Adverbial locution	Translation into English	Dialect	Corresponding conjuctive locution	Translation into English
a 'st'ora (1)	at this point	MI
adree a la man (1)	each time as they occur	MI
a momenti (1)	any minute, shortly	MI
al dì d'incoeu (1)	nowadays	MI
a la fin (1)	at the end, finally, in the end, eventually, ultimately	MI
a la fin di fin (1)	after all, ultimately	MI
a la svelta (1)	quickly	MI
bell bellin (1)	little by little	MI
di volte (1)	sometimes	MI
de chì inanz (1)	(a) from now on (b) from here on out	MI
de dì in dì (1)	day by day	MI
de lì adree (1)	shortly thereafter, quickly thereafter	MI
de lì e lì (1)	at any moment, at any time	MI
d'ora inanz (1)	(a) from now on (b) from here on out	MI
dent per dent (1)	from time to time	MI
de maneman (1)	gradually, a little at a time	MI
de rar (1)	rarely, seldom	MI
de spess (1)	often, frequently	MI
de solit (1)	usually	MI
de strasora (1)	after hours	MI
de tant in tant (1)	from time to time	MI
de 'sti dì (1)	these days	MI
d'un moment con l'alter (1)	at any moment, any minute now	MI
fin'a l'ultim (1) fina in ultim (2)	to the bitter end	(1) MI (2) MI
foeura d'ora (1)	after hours	MI
in d'un bof (1)	in a breath	MI
in men de quell (1)	in no time	MI
in (sui) ultim (1)	at the end	MI
in sul moment (1)	on the spot, at the time	MI
in seguit (1)	(a) after; (b) afterward	MI
per adess (1)	for now	MI
per intanta (1)	for the moment	MI
per semper (1)	forever	MI
prima de tut (1)	first of all	MI
per un poo de volte (1)	for a few times, several times	MI
poch a poch (1)	little by little, gradually	MI
(una) quai volta (1)	sometimes
quand se sia (1)	when it happens	MI
tra poch (1)	shortly	MI
via via (1)	progressively		via via che	as

Adverbial locutions of time

Usage for interrogative sentences

Adverb	Translation into English	Examples	Dialects
Quandè che (1)	When

Adverbs e adverbial locution of quantity

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs in lombard	Translation into English	Dialects
apena (1)	just	MI
altertant (1)	just as, equally	MI
almanch (1) almen (2) per el manch (3)	at least	(1) MI (2) MI (3) MI
assee (1)	quite, enough	MI
assosenn (1) sossenn (2)	very	(1) MI (archaic) (2) MI
circa (1)	about, around	MI
circumcirca (1)	roughly, approximately	MI
domà (1)	just	MI
fess (1) fiss (2)	very	(1) Eastern Lombard
fina-mai (1)	extremely	(1) MI
molto (1)	very	MI
pressapoch (1)	roughly, mor or less	MI
quasi (1) squas (2)	almost	MI
pussee (1) pioeù (2)	most	(1) MI (2) BG
trop (1)	too	MI
piuttosto (1)	pretty	MI

Locuzioni avverbiali di quantità

Locuzione in lombardo	Traduzione in italiano	Dialetto
pussee o men (1)	more or less	MI
del poch al tant (1)	slightly more or less	MI
lì adree a (1)	about, approximately	MI

Adverbs and adverbial locutions of addition

Adverbs of addition

These words, within the sentence, depending on how they are used, can also play the role of copulative conjunctions

Adverb in Lombard	translation into English	Dialect
inoltra (1)	also	(1) MI
dessorapù (1)	in addiction	(1) MI
anca (1)	also, moreover	(1) MI

Adverbial locution of addiction

Adverbial locution in Lombard	translation into English	Dialect
in pu (1)	furthermore	(1) MI
per de pu (1)	furthermore	(1) MI
de sora maross (1)	in addiction, as an extra	(1) MI
in pagament (1)	moreover, furthermore	(1) MI

Adverbs of evaluation

Affirmative adverbs and adverbial locutions

Affirmative adverbs

Adverb in Lombard	Translation into English	Dialect
si ^[1](1)	yes	MI
of ^[2](1)	(a) Pheuw (b) Yeah	MI
sigura (1)	definitively	MI

Adverbs of evaluation

Adverbial locution in Lombard	Translation into English	Examples	Dialect
de sicur (1)	definitively		MI

Other expressions: sigura de sì= yes of course

Note

↑ when used in affirmative answers can replace a whole sentence
↑ when used in affirmative answers can replace a whole sentence

Negating adverbs

Adverb in Lombard	Translation into English	Examples	Dialects
nò(1a) nò ^[1]^[2](1b) *	(a) not (b) no	(1a) Mi ghe credi nò (I don't believe it.)	(1a) MI Br PV LO (1b) All dialects
no (0) *	not	(0) Mi no credi pù a nagot I don't believe in anything anymore.	(0)
minga (1) menga (2) mia (3) mea (4) miga (5) migna (6) *	not	(1) Mi ghe credi minga (I don't believe it.)	(1) MI (2) Lagh (3) MI ^[3]BG PV (4)VA (5)Vtel (6)CO
nanca (1) nanch (2) gnanca (3) neanca (4) gnanch (5)	(a) not even (b) not either		(1-2-3-5)MI (4)Lagh

Also nananmò - and its dialectal variants - (not yet) and mai (never) are negating adverbs.

* the use of negative adverbs is explained here and here.

Note

↑ when used in affirmative answers can replace a whole sentence
↑ spelling rule is still not unique, it can also be written without accent
↑ countryside around Milan

Adverbs of doubt

Adverb in Lombard	Translation into English	Dialects
forsi (1) forse (1)	maybe	(1) MI (2) BG
magara (1)	maybe	(1) MI
probabilment (1)	probably	(1) MI
facilment (1)	probably	(1) MI
quasi (1) squas (2)	(a) almost (b) nearly	(1) MI (2) MI

Interrogative adverbs

►see►►► Direct interrogative sentences

Exclamatory adverbs

Adverb in Lombard	Translation into English	Examples	Dialect
se (1)	how	Se l'è bell! (How beatiful (it is)!)	MI
come (1)	how	Come l'è bell! (How beatiful (it is)!)	MI

Adverb and adverbial locutions for conclusions

Adverb for conclusion

Adverb in Lombard	Translation into English	Examples	Dialect
dopo-tut (1)	after all		MI

Adverbial locutions for conclusion

Adverb in Lombard	Translation into English	Dialect
a bon cunt (1)	however, after all	(1) MI
a la fin de la fera (1)	at the end of the day	(1) MI
a la fin fin (1)	ultimately, in the end	(1) MI
in fin de l'ascia (1) in coo de l'ascia (2)	at the end of the day	(1-2) MI
in fin di cunt (1)	at the end of the day	(1) MI
in tute i manere (1) de tute i manere (2)	anyway
in ogni modo (1)	anyway	(1) MI
comunque (1)	however, anyway	(1) MI

[adj1-1] These are adjectives in English, but some lombard constructions in the type "andà" + adverb (the verb used is "andà", "to go") are transformed into English with "to be" + adjective

[ini-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d if placed at the beginning of the sentence

[end-3] ↑ ^a ^b if placed at the end of the sentence

[4] English it is translated with this noun following the verb to be

[5] when used in affirmative answers can replace a whole sentence

[6] when used in affirmative answers can replace a whole sentence

[7] when used in affirmative answers can replace a whole sentence

[8] spelling rule is still not unique, it can also be written without accent

[9] untryside around Milan

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