Wikipedia

2021 Wikimedia Foundation actions on the Chinese Wikipedia

On September 13, 2021, the Wikimedia Foundation took official action on the Chinese Wikipedia after investigating users from Wikimedians of Mainland China (WMC or WMCUG), an unaffiliated Wikipedia user group.

Logo of Wikimedians of Mainland China, the user group being investigated in the action

At 16:13, September 13, 2021 GMT (00:13, September 14, 2021 Beijing Time), the Wikimedia Foundation globally banned seven accounts from editing Wikipedia, revoked the administrative rights of twelve accounts, and warned twelve other users.[1][2] Four of the top ten most active administrators on Chinese Wikipedia had their rights revoked.[3] These actions were announced on September 13, 2021 GMT by Maggie Dennis, Vice President of Community Resilience and Sustainability for the Legal Department at Wikimedia Foundation.

Background

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Despite being censored in mainland China, and as VPNs are normally not allowed to edit Wikipedia, Wikipedia administrators from China have permitted IP block exemption for a select number of mainland users. Such users are recruited to change the editorial content on Wikipedia in support of China's viewpoint and/or to support the election of pro-Chinese government administrators on Wikipedia, with the aim of gaining control of Wikipedia as part of the Chinese Communist Party's coordinated efforts to push their preferred narrative on platforms that have respected worldwide credibility.[4][5] There has also been an exodus of volunteer editors leaving Baidu Baike, a domestic competitor beset by problems of self-censorship and commercialization, to join Chinese Wikipedia because the "contributors wanted the privilege of working on a higher-quality internet encyclopedia" that also "carries a great deal of international power".[6][7] Observers have suggested that such moves are not just due to patriotic mainlanders but a "larger structural coordinated strategy the government has to manipulate these platforms" beside Wikipedia, such as Twitter and Facebook.[8]

Comments

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In an announcement on Wikimedia about the actions, Maggie Dennis acknowledged the radical nature of the Foundation's actions but stressed that the decision was based on a number of considerations and an in-depth investigation.[3] The Foundation decided to take action after Maggie Dennis told the media that editors had tried to manipulate the content of articles as well as the election of administrators and that other editors had been physically harmed. However, she did not intend to accuse the Chinese government.[9][2][Note 1]

In response, Wikimedians of Mainland China posted an open letter on Qiuwen [zh], calling the Wikimedia Foundation's actions baseless (莫須有) and declaring its intention to resist the crackdown with practical action.[10][11] The Global Times, a tabloid officially owned and operated by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, alleged that the Wikimedia Foundation "purged" the Chinese editors.[12]

In an interview with the BBC Tech Tent program commenting on the latest obsessions about China, Maryana Iskander, the new Chief Executive of the Wikimedia Foundation, emphasized the autonomy of the Wikipedia community and said, "One of the very early things that I've learned in this process is that certainly the Wikimedia Foundation does not play a role in setting editorial policy and that these are the debates that happen in communities."[13][14]

Jimmy Wales, the cofounder of Wikipedia, commented on these actions in an interview with BBC: "I have deep experience of talking to people all over the world, and the idea that people in China, for example, are so brainwashed that they can't see that neutrality is just false," but said "The idea that we are excluding China, is absurd. We welcome with open arms editors from China."[15]

Subsequent events

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On October 7, 2021, at the 62nd session of the World Intellectual Property Organization, the People's Republic of China voted against the Wikimedia Foundation's application to become an official observer of the WIPO on the grounds that Wikipedia violated the "one-China principle" and "disseminated false information".[16] China was the only country out of the 193 members of the organization to vote against the WIPO application,[17] causing Wikimedia Foundation's application to fail.

A Wikimedian showed a screenshot to Voice of America of an announcement made by globally locked user "Walter Grassroot" in the Wikimedians of Mainland China QQ group after the foundation's application was rejected. According to the announcement, after the foundation blocked Chinese users, Chinese Wikimedians submitted relevant documents to the Chinese Embassy in Geneva through various channels. Walter Grassroot also suggested that the failure of the foundation's application was good news.[18] From 2021 to 2024, all attempts by the Wikimedia Foundation and local chapters to join WIPO failed.[19]

Qiuwen Baike

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Qiuwen Baike
求闻百科
 
Type of site
Online encyclopedia
Available inSimplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese (support traditional and simplified conversion)
Predecessor(s)Chinese Wikipedia
OwnerWuxi Gongbi Quanshu Technology Company Limited (formerly Wikimedians of Mainland China) [citation needed]
URLwww.qiuwenbaike.cn
CommercialNo
Content license
CC Attribution / Share-Alike 4.0
Main article: Qiuwen Baike

In an interview with the BBC in late October 2021, globally-banned WMC member Yan "Techyan" Enming and 6 other users said the user group was attempting to create a "Chinese version of Wikipedia",[20] a platform that would represent Beijing's views on some political issues for people in mainland China to access without a VPN with oversight from the People's Republic of China government and would use some of Wikipedia's content.[20]

In December 2021, WMC member Techyan told Fast Company that "a tech giant" was negotiating a partnership with them, and that more than 40 Chinese Wikipedia editors had joined Qiuwen with has a total of 200 active editors. and that people would be involved in both Wikipedia and Qiuwen.[21]

In February 2022, ByteDance's subsidiary Baike.com denied the existence of a partnership between ByteDance and WMC to provide technical and financial support for Qiuwen baike.[22]

References

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  1. ^ Chen Guanrong. "內部編輯遭恐嚇，維基媒體基金會拔除多名「中國大陸維基人用戶組」成員" [Internal editors were intimidated, and the Wikimedia Foundation removed several members of the "Mainland China Wikipedia User Group"]. TechNews 科技新報 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived from the original on September 16, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
  2. ^ a b "维基百科以亲中势力渗透为由封禁"中国大陆维基人用户组"七名编辑" (in Chinese). BBC. Archived from the original on September 17, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2021.
  3. ^ a b 鄭樂捷 (September 15, 2021). "維基封鎖7名中國大陸用戶 指為保障用戶安全" (in Chinese). 美国之音. Archived from the original on September 15, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
  4. ^ Harrison, Stephen (October 26, 2021). "Why Wikipedia Banned Several Chinese Admins". Slate Magazine. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2022.
  5. ^ "Wikipedia blames pro-China infiltration for bans". BBC News. September 16, 2021. Archived from the original on September 18, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2022.
  6. ^ Harrison, Stephen (October 26, 2021). "Why Wikipedia Banned Several Chinese Admins". Slate Magazine. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2022.
  7. ^ "China and Taiwan clash over Wikipedia edits". BBC News. October 4, 2019. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2022.
  8. ^ "China and Taiwan clash over Wikipedia edits". BBC News. October 4, 2019. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2022.
  9. ^ "忧渗透与起底风险 维基百科对中国编辑下禁令" (in Chinese). 德國之聲. Archived from the original on September 17, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2021.
  10. ^ "維基百科禁 7 內地用戶 指有滲透起底風險 內地群組：準備鬥爭". 立場新聞 Stand News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on September 15, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
  11. ^ 观察者网 (September 17, 2021). "维基百科封禁7名中国大陆编辑：他们想搞"渗透"". 新浪新闻 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on September 18, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2021.
  12. ^ "维基百科封杀7个中文编辑，仅仅因为他们拒绝涉中话题被污染" (in Chinese). 环球时报. Archived from the original on September 18, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2021.
  13. ^ "Tech Tent: Wikipedia's editing war". BBC. Archived from the original on October 8, 2021. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
  14. ^ "Tech Tent – what next for Wikipedia?". BusinessGhana. September 18, 2021. Archived from the original on November 13, 2024. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
  15. ^ "Wikipedia in Chinese editing war of words". BBC. October 29, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  16. ^ Moody, Glyn (October 7, 2021). "If You Want To Know Why Section 230 Matters, Just Ask Wikimedia: Without It, There'd Be No Wikipedia". Techdirt. Archived from the original on October 8, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  17. ^ "【維基百科】中方「一票反對」 「維基媒體基金」二度被拒聯合國機構". RFA. October 7, 2021. Archived from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  18. ^ 郑乐捷 (October 7, 2021). "中国再度以台湾为由 阻止维基媒体基金会申请成为世界知识产权组织观察员" (in Chinese). 美国之音. Archived from the original on October 17, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2021.
  19. ^ "Wikimedia Foundation's Accreditation to World Intellectual Property Organization Blocked for a Fourth Time by China". wikimediafoundation.org. Wikimedia Foundation. July 11, 2024.
  20. ^ a b "維基百科移除親北京編輯 被逐者將建「中國版維基」". BBC News Chinese (in Chinese). October 26, 2021. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  21. ^ "The war over Chinese Wikipedia is a warning for the open internet". Fast Company. December 18, 2021. Archived from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
  22. ^ "传字节跳动与中文维基百科人员合作创建新"求闻百科"，官方称不属实" (in Chinese). 界面新闻.

Notes

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  1. ^ Chinese: 我不能够就此将矛头指向中国政府
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