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2023 Slovenia floods

In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. Due to the event, the National Flood Protection and Rescue Plan was activated. Slovenia had already experienced heavier rains in the second half of July. This extra water in the system meant that floods and major river overflows were caused by downpours that crossed Slovenia on the night of 3–4 August. The first rivers flooded in Upper Carniola and Posočje. These floods began on 3 August at around 20.00h. The Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO) also warned that there was a possibility of sea flooding.[1] The floods were similar to those that occurred in 1990, 1998 and 2004.[2]

2023 Slovenia floods
River Sava in Ljubljana on 4 August 2023
Date3 August 2023 – 23 August 2023
LocationSlovene Littoral, Upper Carniola, Carinthia and Styria
Deaths7
Property damageAt least 7€ billion

According to ARSO, the worst flooding was in the foothills of the Julian Alps, from Idrija through the Ljubljana basin to Slovenian Carinthia, where 150–200 mm (6–8 in) fell, on Loibl fell 275 mm (10.8 in) in 48 hours.[3][4] A red hydrological warning was also applied to rivers.[5] ARSO issued a red warning for north-eastern, north-western and central Slovenia due to prolonged downpours, which was put into effect at midnight on 4 August.[3]

Victims

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At least seven people were killed during the floods. Two elderly Slovenes drowned in flooded rivers, and two Dutch men, aged 52 and 20, who had hiked to Mount Veliki Draški vrh, were also killed.[6] The police stated that they had probably been struck by lightning. A man was found in a river in the eastern part of Slovenia, and a person helping fell into a cesspool.[7] In Klagenfurt a man fell into the Glan.[4]

Overview

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A landslide near Miner's house (Slovene: Rudarska hiša) on 4 August 2023. About 70 m long with ca. 250 m3 of mud and clay soil taking out farming areas.
 
The river Kamnik Bistrica destroyed a bridge in Godič near Kamnik

According to data from the Administration for Protection and Rescue, 168 fire brigades took part in 1039 interventions within 12 hours. In so doing, they pumped water from flooded buildings, covered triggered avalanches, and removed debris and vehicles that had been swept away.[8] In Kamnik, Komenda, the municipalities of Maribor, Ptuj, Kranj, Celje and Ljubljana, and in the municipalities of Duplek, Starše and Slovenj Gradec, sirens sounded to warn against danger from flooding and landslides.[3] Full-scale interventions were announced in several municipalities,[9] particularly in the municipalities of Kamnik and Komenda.[10][11]

Gradaščica and Sora were flooded, and a flood wave was also expected to occur in Savinja, Pšata and Kamniška Bistrica.[3] In the settlement of Bistričica, an elderly person was allegedly carried away by torrential flooding, but the exact cause of death is not yet known.[12] The General Police Directorate is said to have received several reports of fatalities.[2]

Due to flooded roads and several landslides on the surrounding roads towards Idrija and Škofja Loka, Žiri was cut off. Both the Sora and Račeva rivers flooded in Žiri, and more than 100 buildings were damaged.[10] Two residential buildings were evacuated in Baška grapa.[8] The evacuation took place in Sorška gaj in the Lipnica valley. Displaced residents were moved to the Medvode Sports Hall; evacuations were also carried out. All transit connections to the Kanomlja valley have been cut off, and rescue service interventions in the wider Idrija area were complicated by impassable roads.[13]

In Tolmin, Cerkno and Idrija, waterways flooded several houses. Residential and other buildings were also flooded in the municipalities of Vodice and Škofja Loka. Moste and Rečica ob Savinji were completely flooded. Luče, Mežica, Dravograd, Laško, Mozirje, Nazarje, Gornji Grad, Škofja Loka, Šoštanj, Florjan, Topolšica, Celje, Begunje na Gorenjskem and Poljče were also flooded. The worst flooding was in the Poljanska and Selška valleys. According to Klemno Šmid, the commander of the Gorenjska civil defense, "Gorenjska is completely under water".[10] In Ljubljana, the Sava and Gradaščica rivers flooded in its upper reaches. In the Polhov Gradec Hills, settlements were mainly threatened by landslides.[14] In Ljubno ob Savinji, the rising river washed away three houses, people were evacuated to the local elementary school. An evacuation was ordered in the center of Celje.[15]

As a result of the floods, the Gorenjska highway and the Styrian highway were closed on two sections on 4 August, at 4:00 p.m. Due to this, traffic is also allowed on the highways for vehicles without a vignette. The Kranj–Jesenice, Ruše–Pilberk railway connections, the Bohinj railway tunnel and the Velenje line are also closed. Due to flooded roads and railways, public transport is difficult.[16] Several roads, both regional and local, were also closed, mainly due to collapse of the carriageway, landslides, deposits of sand and mud or high water on the roadway.[9] A bridge was washed away on Otliške Vrh and the Slovenian Army is studying the possibilities of erecting a pontoon bridge.[2] Most of the roads in Zgornje Savinjsko were also closed.[15]

The Ministry of Defense activated the Vihra plan, which includes the assistance of the Slovenian Army in the intervention.[10] Helicopters were dispatched to several flooded areas. The army also dispatched armored vehicles.[2] The European Union has expressed readiness for the possible activation of the mechanism for civil assistance.[17]

Around 16000 people lost electricity in the flooded areas.[18] Boil water orders and notifications were issued as a precautionary measure.[9] Due to the floods in Begunje in Gorenjska, operations were disrupted, and the hospital administration began to search for suitable places to relocate patients.[11]

Amazing solidarity was shown by the people of Slovenia as on the first day of the floods certain groups and organizations have self-organized gathering and distributions of aid (food, water, personal hygiene products, ...) for the victims of floods. Beside professional humanitarian agencies like International Red Cross (IRC) and Slovenska Karitas there was IPO Slovenija which was one of the first to start and at the end in 30 days managed to gather and distribute record-breaking 415 tons of aid to the victims of floods. [19]

Flooding in neighboring areas

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Austrian Carinthia, Styria

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Floods and landslides occurred in southern Austria. In the morning of 4 August 2023 about 4000 households were without electricity according to utility company Energie Steiermark. In Carinthia roads to multiple villages were disrupted, particularly in the Völkermarkt district.[20][21][22] In Sankt Paul im Lavanttal, 70 households have been evacuated as a precaution for fear of flooding.[23]

Water was being pumped out of a dam in the Viktring district of Klagenfurt, Carinthia, after concerns are raised over its stability and could break.[24]

Croatia

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The flood crest created by the rainfall in Austria and Slovenia entered Continental Croatia in the night of 5–6 August, causing localised flooding and breaking records at several gauges. The villages of Drenje Brdovečko and Autoput were among the flooded areas.

In the Drnje municipality near the confluence of Mura and Drava, a century-old high-water record was broken by more than half a metre (2 ft). Mura reached a level of 543 cm (17 ft 10 in) at 5 am local time. Croatian Armed Forces deployed 150 soldiers to assist with flood defences.[25] Upriver of Mura's confluence, Drava's flood wave was flattened through a system of dams and reservoirs, but this was not possible on Mura.

In the morning of 7 August, Drava unexpectedly broke a channel near the Mura confluence. Water flowed through a railway embankment and flooded a large area with a 4–5-metre (13–16 ft) wave, including Lake Šoderica in Legrad municipality. The lake was scoured and the weekend houses around it inundated.[26][27] In the Drnje municipality near Koprivnica, the settlement of Hlebine was in danger,[28] and the Roma village of Autoput was flooded.[29] The Botovo gauge, downriver of Šoderica, reached 616 cm (20 ft 3 in) late in the afternoon of 7 August.[30] The village of Drnje and Torčec were successfully defended. Torčec was under threat of the Gliboki stream, which was fed by Drava waters through Lake Šoderica. On 9 August, Drava's flood crest was in Virovitica-Podravina County, and agricultural areas and weekend houses were flooded in three villages.[27]

River Sava also caused damages. Part of the village of Drenje Brdovečko near Zaprešić, northwest of Zagreb, was flooded on early 5 August. Some areas near Zaprešić, including Brdovec, lack embankments and had to be defended by sandbags. One of the bridges over Sava was flooded and closed to traffic. Sava crested in Zagreb on the same day. The Sava–Odra–Sava diversion canal near Jankomir was opened in order to protect Zagreb. Four people had to be rescued from the canal bed, which is otherwise commonly used for recreational purposes.[31][32] In the city, part of the parkland between Lake Jarun and Sava was flooded by groundwaters.[33] The Sava course downriver of Zagreb, after Rugvica, is vulnerable due to the almost flat terrain, and was defended by sandbags and flooding retention areas such as Lonjsko Polje. The Rugvica gauge exceeded 932 cm (30 ft 7 in).[28]

As of 9 August, the flood crest had not yet reached eastern Slavonia.

Meteorology

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See also: 2023 European heat waves § Storms and floods

Using high resolution data from ECWMS Reanalysis v5 a study from the University of Bologna found hints to a secondary peak in cyclogenesis during the summer, additionally to spring.[34][35] There is a cyclone track via the Ligurian sea, northern Italy and the northern Adriatic Sea.[36]

The storm was named Petar, and moved from the Mediterranean via Italy, Slovenia, Austria, northwards to Germany, Poland and the baltic sea.[37]

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2023 floods in Slovenia.

References

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  1. ^ "Začelo se je: reke naraščajo, padavine bodo zajele vso državo". siol.net (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d S, A. ""Toliko padavin ni v enem dnevu padlo nikoli. Posledice so hude." Ni še konec". rtvslo.si (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d "Nočna mora na Gorenjskem in Koroškem. Razmere so katastrofalne. #video". siol.net (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  4. ^ a b red, ORF at/Agenturen (6 August 2023). "Hochwasser: Ein Todesopfer in Kärnten". news.ORF.at (in German). Archived from the original on 6 August 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  5. ^ "Vode - opozorila". www.arso.gov.si. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  6. ^ "Noodweer in Slovenië, twee Nederlanders omgekomen". NOS (in Dutch). 4 August 2023. Archived from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  7. ^ "Zahl der Toten bei Überschwemmungen in Slowenien steigt auf sechs". tagesschau.de (in German). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Ponoči evakuacija ljudi iz treh kampov #foto". siol.net (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  9. ^ a b c "Zaprte številne ceste, tudi del gorenjske in štajerske avtoceste". www.24ur.com (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  10. ^ a b c d "Izredne razmere: 'Cela Gorenjska je pod vodo'". www.24ur.com (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  11. ^ a b S, A. "Gorenjska je pod vodo. Poziv ljudem, da ostanejo doma". rtvslo.si (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  12. ^ "Poplave na Kamniškem naj bi terjale tudi življenje #video". siol.net (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  13. ^ Ma, Al. "Severna Primorska: Plazovi otežujejo delo reševalcem". rtvslo.si (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  14. ^ K, G. "Osrednjeslovenska regija: V Ljubljani se je oglasila sirena za nevarnost". rtvslo.si (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  15. ^ a b K, G. "Zgornjesavinjska dolina: Materialna škoda je nepopisna, evakuacija tudi v Celju". rtvslo.si (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  16. ^ "Kolaps prometa v državi. Zaprtih nešteto cest. Poplavljene tudi železnice". siol.net (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  17. ^ V, B. "Komisar Lenarčič ob poplavah: Pripravljeni smo aktivirati mehanizem za civilno zaščito". rtvslo.si (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  18. ^ "Ljudje ujeti v hišah, v Lučah so se nekateri zatekli na strehe". www.24ur.com (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  19. ^ "STA: Iz zbirnega centra IPO v prvi dneh po poplavah več kot 330 ton pomoči". www.sta.si. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  20. ^ "Slovenia, Austria floods leave 3 dead". Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  21. ^ "At least 3 killed amid heavy rains, floods in Slovenia and Austria". Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  22. ^ "Slovenia, Austria floods leave 3 dead". Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  23. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  24. ^ (DW) Archived 7 August 2023 at the Wayback Machine [1] Archived 5 August 2023 at the Wayback Machine
  25. ^ "Drava srušila stoljetni rekord: Na teren stižu vojnici, oštećene su i kuće, odroni na cesti" [Drava breaks 100-year-old record: Soldiers arrive at the scene, homes inundated, roads blocked by mudslides]. Dnevnik.hr (in Croatian). Nova TV. 6 August 2023. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  26. ^ "Drava probila i u Šodericu: "Jutros smo odmah krenuli s evakuacijom. Spasili smo dva objekta, dva, nažalost, ne možemo"" [Drava breaks into Šoderica: "We began the evacuation in the morning. We saved two objects, but unfortunately, two more were lost"]. Dnevnik.hr (in Croatian). Nova TV. 7 August 2023. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  27. ^ a b "Nove snimke otkrivaju razmjere poplava, Drava se opet izlila. "Vodni val je na vrhu"" [New videos reveal extents of the floods, Drava breaks through defences again. "The flood wave is at its crest"]. Index.hr (in Croatian). 9 August 2023. Archived from the original on 9 August 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  28. ^ a b "Duž Drave traje utrka s vremenom: "Povijesni maksimumi odavno su skinuti, ali voda još uvijek raste"" [Battle with time continues along Drava: "High-water marks are long gone, but the water is still rising"]. Dnevnik.hr (in Croatian). Nova TV. 7 August 2023. Archived from the original on 8 August 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  29. ^ "Romsko naselje pod vodom: "Bez svega smo ostali"" [Roma settlement underwater: "We have lost everything"] (in Croatian). Croatian Radiotelevision. 7 August 2023. Archived from the original on 9 August 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  30. ^ "Zbog navale Drave i dalje kritično u Koprivničko-križevačkoj županiji" [Drava situation still critical in Koprivnica-Križevci County] (in Croatian). Croatian Radiotelevision. 8 August 2023. Archived from the original on 8 August 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  31. ^ "Vodeni val na vrhuncu, ovo su snimke iz zraka najkritičnijih točki oko Zagreba". Jutarnji list (in Croatian). 5 August 2023. Archived from the original on 6 August 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  32. ^ Jurić, Duška (6 August 2023). "Novo jutro, novi genijalci: Iz oteretnog kanala spašene dvije osobe, pokušale se autom probiti kroz vodu" [Another morning, another pair of geniuses: Two people saved from the diversion canal while trying to ford floodwaters in a car]. Jutarnji list (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  33. ^ "Dio staza na Jarunu pod vodom, zabranjen pristup vozilima" [Some paths around Jarun underwater, access forbidden to road vehicles]. Dnevnik.hr (in Croatian). Nova TV. 7 August 2023. Archived from the original on 9 August 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  34. ^ Aragão, Leonardo; Porcù, Federico (1 March 2022). "Cyclonic activity in the Mediterranean region from a high-resolution perspective using ECMWF ERA5 dataset". Climate Dynamics. 58 (5): 1293–1310. doi:10.1007/s00382-021-05963-x. hdl:11585/880546. ISSN 1432-0894. Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  35. ^ Setchell, Helen (19 February 2020). "ECMWF Reanalysis v5". ECMWF. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  36. ^ Conrad, V. (1 April 1943). "The Climate of the Mediterranean Region". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 24 (4): 127–145. doi:10.1175/1520-0477-24.4.127. ISSN 0003-0007. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  37. ^ NDR. "Sturm im Norden: Fährausfälle auch am Mittwoch". www.ndr.de (in German). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
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