Wikipedia

Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum

Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum (JFCBS) is a NATO command with its headquarters at Brunssum, the Netherlands. It was established in 2004, as part of a reorganisation that reduced the number of NATO Military Command Structure headquarters.

Joint Force Command Brunssum
Coat of arms
ActiveAFCENT: 1953-2000
RHQ AFNORTH: 2000-2004
JFC-Brunssum: 2004-present
Part ofAllied Command Operations, Casteau, Belgium
HeadquartersBrunssum, Netherlands
Motto(s)Many Nations: One Mission
Websitejfcbs.nato.int Edit this at Wikidata
Commanders
CommanderGeneral Guglielmo Luigi Miglietta, Italian Army
Deputy CommanderLieutenant General Luis Lanchares, Spanish Army
Chief of StaffLieutenant General Krzysztof Król, Polish Army
Command Sergeant MajorChief Petty Officer 1st Class Stanley Ryan, Royal Canadian Navy

History

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Allied Forces Central Europe from 1953

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The Henry IV quarter at the Palace of Fontainebleau
(48°24′10″N 2°42′8″E / 48.40278°N 2.70222°E / 48.40278; 2.70222) in 1965. Prior to World War II these offices housed the Artillery School.

The command traces its history to Headquarters, Allied Forces Central Europe (AFCENT), which was activated in August 1953 in Fontainebleau, outside Paris, France.[1]

Ensuring interoperability among land forces of the different NATO Member States has always been a challenge,[2] which is why a variety of NATO standardization activities, such as the NATO Standardization Office, have been underway since the 1950s.[3]

After General Dwight D. Eisenhower was appointed as Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) in 1950, he found that devising command arrangements in the Central Region, which contained the bulk of NATO's forces, was to be complicated.[4] General Eisenhower considered naming an overall Commander-in-Chief (CINC) for the Central Region but soon realized it would be difficult to find an arrangement that would satisfy all three major powers with forces in the Centre - the United States, United Kingdom and France - because their views on the proper relationship of air and ground power differed significantly. Moreover, he wanted to control the most important region, Central Region, himself.[5]

Drawing upon his Second World War experience, Eisenhower decided to retain overall control himself and did not appoint a CINC for the Central Region. Instead there would be three separate commanders-in-chief (for Allied Air Forces Central Europe, Allied Land Forces Central Europe and Flag Officer Central Europe (FLAGCENT)), all reporting directly to SACEUR. Vice Admiral Robert Jaujard of the French Navy was appointed as Flag Officer Central Europe, and served from 2 April 51 until 20 August 1953.[6] On 20 August 1953 General Ridgeway, Eisenhower's successor, established a single Commander-in-Chief (CINCENT) for the region with subordinate land, air and naval commanders (COMLANDCENT, COMAIRCENT, and COMNAVCENT respectively).[1]

 
Arms of Allied Forces Central Europe, bearing the motto (supposedly that of Charlemagne) "In Scelus Exsurgo Sceleris Discrimina Purgo", which translates roughly as "I fight against Aggression and punish the Aggressor".[7]

One of the command's exercises in the 1950s was Operation Counter Punch. Counter Punch was a September 1957 AFCENT air-ground military exercise that also tested NATO's integrated air-defense system in its central European front. The exercise involved the national air-defense systems of Britain, France, Belgium and the Netherlands, with Général d'Armée Jean-Étienne Valluy, French Army, NATO's Commander-in-Chief Allied Forces Central Europe (CINCENT), in overall command.[8] Operation Counter Punch revealed deficiencies in the Integrated NATO Air Defense System as well as air force responsiveness to theoretical Soviet and Warsaw Pact ground advances.[9]

After July 1962 and the establishment of Commander Allied Forces Baltic Approaches (COMBALTAP), German naval forces were shifted into that command.[4] Thereafter there was no longer any need for the small headquarters of Allied Naval Forces Central Europe and its two subordinate commands, and they were disestablished in 1962, leaving naval liaison provided by a US naval officer.[1]

AFCENT remained in France under French command until 1967, when France removed itself from the military command structure. The headquarters was moved to Brunssum in 1967 and activated under German command.[1]

Subordinate AFCENT commands in 1989

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Main articles: CENTAG wartime structure in 1989 and NORTHAG wartime structure in 1989
 
Command Structure of AFCENT in 1989 (click to enlarge)
 
NATO corps sectors in the Central Region in the 1980s

During the Cold War, AFCENT commanded the following units:

 
AFCENT command badges in the 1980s

The III Corps (US) was allocated as NORTHAG reserve. On activation, it would have deployed to Europe from bases in the United States. A forward element, 3rd Brigade, US 2nd Armored Division, was located at Garlstedt, Germany.[10] The U.S. III Corps also maintained a forward headquarters at Tapijn Kazerne, Maastricht, Netherlands.[11]

The commander of US Army Europe, Gen. William W. Crouch, assumed an additional role as commander of NATO LANDCENT on 15 February 1996. He was the first American to command LANDCENT since its 1993 activation. Originally, the LANDCENT command was to be rotated between German and Dutch generals. The dual command of United States Army Europe (USAREUR) and LANDCENT allowed the continued integration of US Army Europe into NATO's post-Cold War structure. All NATO corps, except for the de:IV. Korps (Bundeswehr), were then multinational. In the mid-late 1990s there were four multinational main defence corps in NATO's Central Region: one Danish-German (LANDJUT), one Dutch-German (I GE/NL Corps) and two German-United States (II GE/US and V US/GE). In addition, an agreement was made which set out the arrangements under which the European Corps, consisting of units from Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg and Spain, would be made available to NATO in times of crisis.[12]

LANDCENT's missions were to:[13]

  1. Protect the peace and deter aggression in NATO's central region (Germany, Belgium, Luxemburg and the Netherlands).
  2. Plan, prepare and direct operations of land forces under NATO command.
  3. Plan, coordinate and conduct the land and air subcampaign jointly with NATO's Allied Air Command, Central.
  4. Develop plans for, and participate in, the MCP and Partnership for Peace (PfP) initiative.
  5. Support the flanks of the area of responsibilities.

The departure from the Cold War era brought the implementation of a new NATO Integrated Military Structure and LandCENT was formally designated Joint Headquarters Centre (JHQ CENT) in a ceremony held on March 9, 2000.[14]

Establishment of JFC Brunssum

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In 2000, the deactivation of Headquarters, Allied Forces Northern Europe (AFNORTH) in Kolsås, Norway led to the redesignation of AFCENT as Regional Headquarters, Allied Forces Northern Europe (RHQ AFNORTH). The headquarters operated as RHQ AFNORTH until 2004, when it was renamed Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum (JFC-B) to add flexibility to the military command structure by removing regional restrictions.[15]

Circa 2010, JFC Brussum appears to be responsible for Contingency Plan Eagle Guardian, NATO's Article 5 plan to defend Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia.[16]

Until March 2013 Command Component Land Heidelberg (FC Heidelberg (Land)), the land component command, was under the control of this headquarter and located at Heidelberg in Germany.[17]

Facilities

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General Sir James Everard, Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe meets General Riccardo Marchiò, NATO JFC-B Commander at Brunssum during 2018

Hendrik van Nassau-Ouwerkerk Camp

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Hendrik van Nassau-Ouwerkerk Camp is the headquarters and main base area of JFC Brunssum.[18] Other organizations located on Hendrik van Nassau-Ouwerkerk Camp are the NATO Communication and Information Systems Services Agency, Sector Brunssum (NCSA-B)[19] and the NATO Airborne Early Warning & Control Programme Management Agency (NAPMA).[20]

Hendrik van Nassau-Ouwerkerk Camp also boasts an all ranks club called Club 13, a small tax-free department store called the B&S Store, a film theatre, a swimming pool, tennis courts and a gymnasium. Additional services are provided by the AAFES on US Army Garrison Brunssum.[21]

Static War Headquarters Castlegate

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Main article: Static War Headquarters Castlegate

Static War Headquarters Castlegate is a NATO command and communications bunker located approximately 2 km north-east of the town of Linnich, Germany.[22] SWHQ Castlegate is operated in caretaker status by a German military contingent.[23]

Commanders

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The commander of JFC-B is known as Commander, Joint Force Command Brunssum. The position was formerly known as Commander-in-Chief North (CINCNORTH) and Commander-in-Chief Central (CINCCENT). JFC-B is normally commanded by a German General.

No. Portrait Name Title Took office Left office Time in office Country
1Juin, AlphonseAlphonse Juin
(1888–1967)		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe20 August 1953September 19563 years  France
2Valluy, Jean-EtienneJean Étienne Valluy
(1899–1970)		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central EuropeOctober 1956May 19603 years, 7 months  France
3Challe, MauriceMaurice Challe
(1905–1979)		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central EuropeMay 1960February 19619 months  France
4Jacquot, PierrePierre-Elie Jacquot [fr]
(1902–1984)		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central EuropeMarch 1961December 19632 years, 10 months  France
5Crépin, JeanJean Albert Emile Crépin
[a]		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central EuropeDecember 1963June 19662 years, 6 months  France
6Kielmansegg, JohannJohann Adolf Graf von Kielmansegg
(1906–2006)		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe15 March 19671 April 19681 year  Germany
7Bennecke, JürgenJürgen Bennecke [de]
(1912–2002)		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe1 July 196830 September 19735 years, 2 months  Germany
8Ferber, ErnstErnst Ferber [de]
(1914–1998)		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe1 October 197330 September 19751 year, 11 months  Germany
9Schnell, KarlKarl Schnell [de]
(1916–2008)		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe1 October 19757 January 19771 year, 3 months  Germany
10Schulze, FranzFranz-Joseph Schulze
(1918–2005)		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe7 January 197730 September 19792 years, 8 months  Germany
11Senger, FerdinandFerdinand von Senger und Etterlin
(1923–1987)		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe1 October 197928 September 19833 years, 11 months  Germany
12Chalupa, LeopoldLeopold Chalupa [de]
(born 1927)		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe28 September 19831 October 19874 years  Germany
13Sandrart, HansHans-Henning von Sandrart [de]
(1933–2013)		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe1 October 198727 September 19913 years, 11 months  Germany
14Ondarza, HenningHenning von Ondarza [de]
(born 1933)		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe27 September 199123 March 19942 years, 5 months  Germany
15Hansen, HelgeHelge Hansen
(born 1936)		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe1 April 1994March 19961 year, 11 months  Germany
16Stöckmann, DieterDieter Stöckmann
(born 1941)		Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central EuropeMarch 199630 March 19982 years  Germany
17Spiering, JoachimJoachim Spiering [de]
(born 1940)
[b]		Commander in Chief Allied Forces North Europe30 March 1998March 20012 years, 11 months  Germany
18Deverell, JackSir Jack Deverell
(born 1945)		Commander in Chief Allied Forces North EuropeMarch 2001January 20042 years, 10 months  United Kingdom
19Back, GerhardGerhard W. Back [de]
(born 1944)
[c]		Allied Joint Force Command BrunssumJanuary 200426 January 20073 years  Germany
20Ramms, EgonEgon Ramms
(born 1948)		Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum26 January 200729 September 20103 years, 8 months  Germany
21Langheld, WolfWolf-Dieter Langheld [de]
(born 1950)		Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum29 September 201014 December 20122 years, 2 months  Germany
22Domröse, HansHans-Lothar Domröse
(born 1952)		Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum14 December 20123 March 20163 years, 2 months  Germany
23Farina, SalvatoreSalvatore Farina
(born 1957)		Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum4 March 201616 February 20181 year, 11 months  Italy
24Riccardo MarchiòRiccardo Marchiò
(born 1955)		Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum16 February 201831 March 20196 years, 10 months  Italy
25Buhler, ErhardErhard Bühler
(born 1956)		Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum31 March 201922 April 20201 year  Germany
26Vollmer, JörgJörg Vollmer
(born 1957)		Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum22 April 20203 June 20222 years, 1 month  Germany
27Miglietta, Guglielmo LuigiGuglielmo Luigi Miglietta
(born 1961)
[24]		Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum3 June 2022Incumbent2 years, 6 months  Italy

Notes

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  1. ^ from July 1, 1966 France was no longer part of NATO's military command structure
  2. ^ Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe until March 3, 2000
  3. ^ Commander in Chief Allied Forces North Europe until July 1, 2004

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Allied Forces Central Europe". Retrieved 21 June 2014.
  2. ^ Derleth, James (16 June 2015). "Enhancing interoperability: the foundation for effective NATO operations". NATO Review. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  3. ^ Wragg, David W. (1973). A Dictionary of Aviation (first ed.). Osprey. p. 11. ISBN 9780850451634.
  4. ^ a b Dr Gregory Pedlow, Evolution of NATO's Command Structure
  5. ^ "Forging the Weapon: The origins of SHAPE" (PDF). NATO. 7 December 2012. p. 15. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  6. ^ North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Senior officials in the NATO military structure, from 1949 to 2001 (PDF) Responsible for Rhine Flotillas.
  7. ^ "Allied Forces Central Europe (AFCENT), NATO - Coat of arms (crest) of the Allied Forces Central Europe (AFCENT), NATO". Heraldry-wiki.com. 25 February 2018. Retrieved 2019-10-19.
  8. ^ "Emergency Call". Time. 30 September 1957. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2008.
  9. ^ Trauschweizer, Igor (2006). Creating Deterrence for Limited War: The U.S. Army and the Defense of West Germany, 1953–1982 (PDF). College Park, Maryland: University of Maryland. p. 179. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  10. ^ David Isby; Charles Kamps (1985). Armies of NATO's Central Front. Jane's Publishing Company. pp. 373, 455. ISBN 0-7106-0341-X.; U.S. Army Europe (22 May 1980). Strengthening NATO: Stationing of the 2nd Armored Division (Forward) in Northern Germany (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27.
  11. ^ Simon Duke, U.S. Military Forces and Installations in Europe, SIPRI/Oxford University Press, 1989, p. 20 - 30 ish.
  12. ^ "Eurokorps begrüßt Österreich und Finnland". Austrian Armed Forces. 25 February 2003. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  13. ^ Crouch adds NATO role. Vol. 51. Soldiers. 1 April 1996. p. 7. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  14. ^ Allied Land Component Headquarters Heidelberg, History of the Headquarters, updated September 15, 2004
  15. ^ "What is JFC Brunssum?". NATO. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
  16. ^ Wikileaks/The Guardian, search Eagle Guardian
  17. ^ "Deactivation of Command Component Land Heidelberg".
  18. ^ AFNORTH: About us Archived October 10, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ NATO Communication and Information Systems Services Agency Archived July 10, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ "NAPMA | NATO AEW&C Programme Management Agency | Homepage". Napma.nato.int. Retrieved 2013-04-07.
  21. ^ "Army and Air Force Exchange Service (AAFES) locations". US Army Garrison Benelux. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  22. ^ "Militärstandorte um und in Aachen". Users.cuci.nl. Archived from the original on 2015-10-26. Retrieved 2013-04-07.
  23. ^ Joint Force Command Brunssum Team [dead link‍]
  24. ^ "Commander JFC-Brunssum".
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50°56′18.41″N 5°58′43.46″E / 50.9384472°N 5.9787389°E / 50.9384472; 5.9787389

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