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Bernard "Ben" Turpin (September 19, 1869[2] – July 1, 1940) was an American comedian and actor, best remembered for his work in silent films. His trademarks were his cross-eyed appearance and adeptness at vigorous physical comedy. A sometimes vaudeville performer, he was "discovered" for film while working as the janitor for Essanay Studios in Chicago. Turpin went on to work with notable performers such as Charlie Chaplin and Laurel and Hardy, and was a part of the Mack Sennett studio team. He is believed to have been the first filmed "victim" of the pie in the face gag. When sound came to films, Turpin chose to retire, having invested profitably in real estate, although he did do occasional cameos.
| Ben Turpin | |
|---|---|
 Turpin in the 1920s | |
| Birth name | Bernard Turpin |
| Born | September 19, 1869 New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Died | July 1, 1940 (aged 70) Santa Monica, California, U.S. |
| Resting place | Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California |
| Medium |
|
| Years active | 1907–1940 |
| Genres | Silent films |
| Spouse |
Carrie Lemieux
(m. 1907; died 1925)Babette Dietz (m. 1926) |
Personal life
edit
Turpin was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on September 19, 1869,[2] the son of a candy store owner,[3] Ernest Turpin, and Sarah Buckley.[4]
Turpin and his first wife, actress Carrie Lemieux,[5] were married in Chicago on February 18, 1907.[6] In 1923, Mrs. Turpin became ill with influenza, which caused the loss of her hearing. Heartbroken, Turpin took his seriously ill wife to the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré in Quebec, hoping she would be healed.[7] She eventually became an invalid, with Turpin placing his career on hold to care for her. Carrie died on October 2, 1925.[1] Turpin remarried on July 8, 1926, to Babette Dietz in Los Angeles.[4]
He was a Roman Catholic, and a member of the Good Shepherd Parish and the Catholic Motion Picture Guild in Beverly Hills, California.[8]
Vaudeville
editTurpin worked in vaudeville, burlesque, and circuses. He had a distinctive appearance, with a small wiry frame, a brush mustache, and crossed eyes. Turpin's famous eyes, he said, only crossed as a young adult after he suffered an accident. He was convinced that the crossed eyes were essential to his comic career; his co-workers recalled that after he received any blow to the head he made a point of looking himself in the mirror to assure himself that they had not become uncrossed. He was a devout Catholic,[9][10] and his workmates occasionally goaded him by threatening to pray that his eyes would uncross, thus depriving him of his livelihood.[11]
Turpin famously bought a $25,000 insurance policy with Lloyd's of London, payable if his eyes ever uncrossed. A 1920 version of the story had the amount upped $100,000.[12]
He developed a vigorous style of physical comedy, including an ability to stage comic pratfalls that impressed even his fellow workers in the rough-and-tumble world of silent comedy. One of his specialties was a forward tumble he called the "hundred an' eight". It was basically an interrupted forward somersault initiated by kicking one leg up, turning over 180 degrees to land flat on the back or in a seated position.
Film
edit
Turpin first appeared on film in 1907 for Essanay Studios in Chicago in various small parts and comic bits. In addition to his on-screen work, he worked as a carpenter and janitor for Essanay.[13] In the 1909 film Mr. Flip, Turpin receives what is believed to have been the first pie-in-the-face.[14]
Charlie Chaplin joined the Essanay company in 1915, and the studio made Turpin his second banana. Chaplin was maturing as a filmmaker, working slowly and intuitively. Turpin, however, was impatient with Chaplin's methods. The earthy Turpin understood straightforward slapstick more than comic subtlety. The Chaplin–Turpin duo did not last long, with Chaplin abandoning Chicago for California. Turpin does share one additional credit with Chaplin: after Chaplin filmed Burlesque on Carmen in two reels, Essanay filmed new scenes with Turpin to pad the picture into a featurette, doubling its length.[15] These new scenes were staged by actor-director Leo White; Turpin and Chaplin do not appear together on screen.
Essanay did not survive Chaplin's departure and remained solvent for only a few more years. Turpin may have been aware of Essanay's instability; he left for the Vogue comedy company, where he starred in a series of two-reel comedies. Former Essanay comedian Paddy McGuire supported him. Many of Turpin's Vogue comedies were re-released under different titles (by the Cameo company, in 1920) to cash in on Turpin's subsequent stardom: Why Ben Bolted was retitled He Looked Crooked, for example.[16]
Mack Sennett and stardom
editIn 1917, Ben Turpin joined the leading comedy company, the Mack Sennett studio. Turpin's aptitude for crude slapstick suited the Sennett style perfectly, and Sennett's writers often cast the ridiculous-looking Turpin against type (a rugged Yukon miner; a suave, worldly lover; a stalwart cowboy; a fearless stuntman, etc.) for maximum comic effect. Through the 1920s his roles often spoofed serious actors and celebrities of the time – e.g., "The Shriek" for "The Sheik" – and Turpin became one of film's most popular comics. Turpin appeared in both short subjects and feature films for Sennett. Delighted with his success, he took to introducing himself with the phrase, "I'm Ben Turpin; I make $3,000 a week."
Sennett terminated most of his staff's contracts in 1928, and closed the studio to retool for the new talking pictures. Turpin was signed by the low-budget Weiss Bros.-Artclass company, perhaps the most ambitious coup that Artclass ever attempted. Turpin made 10 two-reel comedies there for one year.[17] Artclass usually traded on his peculiar vision with titles like Idle Eyes and The Eyes Have It.
Turpin in the sound era
editThis section relies largely or entirely on a single source. (November 2022) |
The year 1929 saw many silent-film stars uncertain about their future employment, with the new talking pictures requiring new skills and techniques. Ben Turpin chose to retire. He had invested his earnings in real estate and, being highly successful at this, had no financial need for more work. Producers soon sought him out for gag appearances in films. Turpin's speaking voice was a gritty rasp that retained elements of the New Orleans "Yat" accent of his youth. He commanded a flat fee of $1000 per appearance, regardless of whether it was a speaking role or a fleeting cameo. Among the most memorable of these cameos were in RKO's Wheeler and Woolsey comedy Cracked Nuts (with Turpin as a cockeyed bombardier), and Paramount's Million Dollar Legs (1932) starring W. C. Fields, Jack Oakie, and Susan Fleming (the future wife of Harpo Marx of The Marx Brothers). Turpin also offered comedy relief in Mascot's 1934 adventure serial The Law of the Wild.
Turpin starred in only one more film, the short subject Keystone Hotel (Warner Bros., 1935), a reunion of silent-era comedians. His last feature film was Laurel and Hardy's Saps at Sea in 1940, in which his cross-eyed face served as a joke punchline. He was paid his $1000 for one quick shot of his face and just 16 words of dialogue. Death prevented his scheduled appearance in Charlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator.[18]
Death
editBen Turpin died July 1, 1940, of a heart attack[19] and was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California, following a Requiem Mass at the Church of the Good Shepherd in Beverly Hills.[10] He was eulogized as "a fine member of his church, strong in his faith" by Father J. P. Concannon. His pallbearers included Andy Clyde, Billy Bevan, James Finlayson, Heinie Conklin, and Charlie Murray.[9]
Turpin had been close friends with Andy Clyde and James Finlayson, with Clyde having been the witness at Turpin's second wedding,[4] and Turpin having been one of the witnesses signing Finlayson's petition for naturalization.[20]
Turpin's crossed eyes
editTurpin and Sennett both appeared as themselves (in Technicolor) in Hollywood Cavalcade (1939), a partly fictionalized movie about the silent-film era. This movie contains a sequence in which Turpin reports for work and prepares to go onto the set in character. In the dressing room he picks up a hand mirror and checks his reflection as he deliberately crosses his eyes as extremely as possible. In this sequence, it can be seen that Turpin's left eye was actually normal when he was not performing and that he intentionally crossed it (to match his misaligned right eye) as part of his screen character.
Filmography
edit| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1909 | Mr. Flip | Mr. Flip | Short subject, uncredited |
| 1914 | Madame Double X | Mr. Von Crooks Jr. | Short subject Lost film |
| 1915 | His New Job | Film Extra in Anteroom | Short subject, uncredited |
| A Night Out | Fellow Reveler | Short subject, uncredited | |
| The Champion | Ringside Vendor | Short subject, uncredited | |
| A Burlesque on Carmen | Remendados, the Smuggler | ||
| 1917 | A Clever Dummy | A Romantic Janitor | Short subject |
| 1918 | Watch Your Neighbor | Banana Peel Victim | Short subject Lost film |
| 1919 | Yankee Doodle in Berlin | A Prussian Guardsman | |
| Salome vs. Shenandoah | Actor Playing New General | Short subject Lost film | |
| 1920 | Down on the Farm | The Faithful Wife's Husband | |
| Married Life | Rodney St. Clair – a Man's Man | ||
| Cupid's Day Off | 1st Shoe Salesman | Lost film | |
| 1921 | A Small Town Idol | Sam Smith | |
| Home Talent | Stranded Actor | ||
| Molly O | Minor Role | Uncredited | |
| 1923 | The Shriek of Araby | Bill Poster – The Sheik | |
| Hollywood | Ben Turpin | Lost film | |
| 1925 | Hogan's Alley | The Stranger | Incomplete film |
| Steel Preferred | Bartender | Lost film | |
| 1927 | The College Hero | The Janitor | |
| 1928 | The Wife's Relations | Rodney St. Clair | Lost film |
| A Woman's Way | Minor Role | Uncredited | |
| 1929 | The Love Parade | Cross-Eyed Lackey | Uncredited |
| The Show of Shows | Waiter in "What Became of the Floradora Boys" Number | ||
| 1930 | A Royal Romance | Cossack Guard | Uncredited |
| Swing High | Bartender | ||
| 1931 | Cracked Nuts | Cross-Eyed Ben | Uncredited |
| Our Wife | Wm. Gladding, justice of the peace | ||
| Ambassador Bill | The Butcher | ||
| 1932 | Make Me a Star | Ben Turpin | |
| Million Dollar Legs | Mysterious Man | ||
| Hypnotized | Himself – Cameo Appearance | Uncredited | |
| 1934 | The Law of the Wild | Henry | Serial |
| Hollywood on Parade#B-9 | Bartender | ||
| 1935 | Keystone Hotel | Count Drewa Blanc | |
| 1939 | Hollywood Cavalcade | Bartender | |
| 1940 | Saps at Sea | Cross-Eyed Plumber | (final film role) |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Wife of Ben Turpin Is Dead". Southeast Missourian. Cape Girardeau, Missouri. October 2, 1925. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
- ^ a b His birth date was given as September 19, 1869, but other years were used at various times in his Hollywood publicity material. In the 1900 United States Census he used the year "1869", and his death certificate used "1869", and that year will be used here. Encyclopædia Britannica wrongly lists the year of his birth as "1874". The New York Times obituary mentions the alternative years as fabrications. His death certificate lists his birthday as "September 19, 1869" and lists his mother's maiden name as "Buckley". The IMDb lists his birthday properly as "September 19, 1869".
- ^ Rydzewski, Steve (2013). For Art's Sake: The Biography & Filmography of Ben Turpin. BearManor Media. p. 446. ISBN 978-1-5939-3263-3.
- ^ a b c "California, County Marriages, 1850–1952, Bernard Turpin and Babette Dietz, 08 Jul 1926". FamilySearch. Los Angeles, United States, county courthouses, California; FHL microfilm 2,074,649. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ "Ben Turpin's Wife Dies". Reading Eagle. October 2, 1925. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
- ^ "Illinois, Cook County Marriages, 1871–1920, Bernard Turpin and Carrie Lemieux, 18 Feb 1907". FamilySearch. Chicago, Cook, Illinois, 451712, Cook County Courthouse, Chicago; FHL microfilm 1,030,417. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ "Longs For Tragic Roles". Montreal Gazette. April 12, 1924. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
- ^ "Our History". Church of the Good Shepherd. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- ^ a b "Funeral Services are Held For Ben Turpin". Sacramento Bee. United Press. July 4, 1940. p. 17. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- ^ a b "Ben Turpin Funeral Will Be Tomorrow". Toledo Blade. July 2, 1940. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
- ^ Rydzewski p. 100
- ^ The Little Movie Mirror Books – Ben Turpin. Ross Publishing Co. 1920. p. 6. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014.
- ^ The Little Movie Mirror Books – Ben Turpin. Ross Publishing Co. 1920. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014.
- ^ "A Very Brief History of Slapstick". Splat TV. 2003. Archived from the original on February 24, 2009. Retrieved January 29, 2009.
- ^ Huff, Theodore (1951). Charlie Chaplin. New York: Henry Schuman. p. 53.
- ^ "'Cameo Film Company' Advertisement". Motion Picture News. February 28, 1920. p. 2033. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- ^ The Film Daily. May 24, 1928. p. 10.
- ^ Rydzewski, p. 358
- ^ Ginibre, Jean-Louis (2005). Ladies or Gentlemen. New York City: Filipacchi Publishing. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-9332-3104-4. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- ^ National Archives and Records Administration; Washington, D.C.; Naturalization Records of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California, Central Division (Los Angeles), 1887–1940; Microfilm Serial: M1524. Accessed on 2016-01-22 via Ancestry.com.
Sources
edit- Rydzewski, Steve (2013). For Art's Sake: The Biography & Filmography Of Ben Turpin. Albany, Georgia: BearManor Media. ISBN 978-1593932633.
- Huff, Theodore (1951). Charlie Chaplin. New York: Henry Schuman.
- Goldwyn, Samuel (1923). Behind the Screen. New York City: George H. Doran Company.
- Seldes, Gilbert (1924). The Seven Lively Arts. New York City: Harper & Brothers.
External links
edit
- Ben Turpin at the American Film Institute Catalog
- Ben Turpin at the TCM Movie Database
- Ben Turpin at Virtual History: Film history of the 20th century
- Ben Turpin at IMDb
- Works
- Works by or about Ben Turpin at the Internet Archive
- "BEN TURPIN: The Rear Guard of Saxicolous Wayfarers of Cinematic Finitude"
- Mr. Flip available for free download from Internet Archive
- Turpin in "The Florodora Boys" skit (at 3:45), speaking a verse and performing his signature somersault
- Papers
- Ben Turpin Collection Archived January 31, 2021, at the Wayback Machine at The Historic New Orleans Collection
- Ben Turpin on the cover of Life magazine, posthumously (9 years after his death), September 5, 1949
- Turpin biography on entertainment.msn.com