Benjamin Crémieux (1888–1944) was a French author, critic and literary historian.
Dr Benjamin Crémieux | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1 December 1888 |
| Died | 14 April 1944 Buchenwald concentration camp, Germany |
| Education | Sorbonne, PhD, 1928 |
| Occupation(s) | Writer, critic and historian |
Early life
editCrémieux was born to a Jewish family in Narbonne, France in 1888.[1] His family had long ties in the region, having 'settled in France as early as the 14th century'.[2]:452
Military service
editHe fought in World War I during his obligatory military service in the French Army and was severely wounded during battle.[1][2]:452 After the war he focused on studying Italian literature and history.[2]:452
Career
editCrémieux contributed to a variety of literary magazines and journals, including La Gazette du Franc,[3]:270 and the influential literary journal Nouvelle Revue Française (NRF). He started writing for the NRF in 1920 and Jean Paulhan invited him to be a member of the journal's editorial committee as early as 1926.[4][5][6]:22
In 1928 he defended his doctoral thesis Essai Sur l'évolution littéraire de l'Italie de 1870 á nos jours at the Sorbonne, which was published later that year.[7]:41 He published one of his most important texts in 1931, Inquiétude et Reconstruction, which provided a survey of French literature since the turn of the century.[8]:139
He also served in a variety of service roles. He was 'chief of the Italian bureau of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs'[7]:41 and the permanent secretary of the French section of the PEN Club.[8]:139
In 1940, Crémieux joined the French underground and became a leader of the Maquis.[1]
Death
editIn April 1943, two Gestapo agents detained Crémieux in Marseilles.[2]:458 He was arrested, imprisoned, and deported to Nazi Germany, where, in April 1944 he was executed in the Buchenwald concentration camp.[2]:458.
Legacy
editCrémieux introduced a number of important literary figures to the French public through his translations, including Luigi Pirandello and Italo Svevo;[8]:138 he was also an early champion of the works of Marcel Proust.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Benjamin Crémieux". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
- ^ a b c d e Braun, Sidney D. 1987. "Benjamin Crémieux: Jew and Frenchman." Judaism 36 (4) (Fall): 451. ProQuest 1304358030.
- ^ Jannarone, Kimberly (2005). "The Theatre before Its Double: Artaud Directs in the Alfred Jarry Theatre". Theatre Survey. 46 (2): 247–273. doi:10.1017/S0040557405000153. ISSN 1475-4533. S2CID 194096618.
- ^ "Benjamin Crémieux - Site Gallimard". www.gallimard.fr. Retrieved 2021-02-25.
- ^ "En Toutes Lettres: Cent Ans de Littérature à La Nouvelle Revue Française". Paris Update. 2009-10-27. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
- ^ Cornick, Martyn (1995). Intellectuals in History: The Nouvelle Revue Française Under Jean Paulhan, 1925-1940. Rodopi. ISBN 978-90-5183-797-1.
- ^ a b c Wellek, René (1955-01-01). A History of Modern Criticism, 1750-1950. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-05451-4.
- ^ a b c Eustis, Alvin (1974). "Rivière's Crew: Crémieux, Fernandez, Arland". L'Esprit Créateur. 14 (2): 138–145. ISSN 0014-0767. JSTOR 26279754.