The Bova Marina Synagogue (Italian: Sinagoga di Bova Marina) is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, that was located in Bova Marina, Calabria, Italy. It is the second oldest synagogue discovered in Italy and one of the oldest in Europe, dating from the 4th century CE.[2] The former site of the synagogue has been an archaeological site since 1983.
| Bova Marina Synagogue | |
|---|---|
Italian: Sinagoga di Bova Marina | |
 The archaeological site of the former synagogue, in 2014 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Judaism (former) |
| Ecclesiastical or organisational status |
|
| Status | Inactive (as a synagogue) |
| Location | |
| Location | San Pasquale, Bova Marina, Calabria |
| Country | Italy |
  Location of the former synagogue site in Calabria | |
| Geographic coordinates | 37°55′25″N 15°57′08″E / 37.923623°N 15.952291°E |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Synagogue architecture |
| Completed | 4th century CE |
| Direction of façade | South-east |
| [1] | |
History
editDiscovered in 1983, the basilica-style synagogue resembles synagogues of the Galilee in the Byzantine period, and features a mosaic floor with images of a menorah, shofar, lulav, and etrog. The site also includes artifacts such as amphora handles with menorah impressions and three thousand bronze coins. The structure was renovated in the 6th century, and appears to have been ceased functioning around 600, when the entire area was abandoned.
Bova Marina means "Bova by the sea", in Italian. Only the Ostia Synagogue is older. The ancient Jewish community of Calabria is one of the oldest in Europe.
The remains of the Bova Marina synagogue were unearthed in 1983 during road construction.[3]
Description
editThe synagogue was built in the 4th century with renovations dating to the 6th century. There appears to be an older structure beneath the site but trying to reach it would require destroying the ruins. The synagogue is a basilica-style building that resembles the Byzantine synagogues of the Galilee.[4] The building is oriented to south-east.[5] The synagogue appears to have ceased functioning around the year 600 when the entire area seemed to have been abandoned. In addition to the site itself, many artifacts have been discovered such as amphora handles with menorah impressions and three thousand bronze coins.[6]
The site features a mosaic floor with the image of a menorah and accompanying images of a shofar and a lulav to the right and an etrog on the left. In addition, there are other decorative motifs such as Solomon's Knots.[7] There is also a wall niche thought to once contain Torah scrolls.
Tourism
editIn January 2011, Calabrian newspapers reported increase funding of 600,000 Euros for restoration of the Bova Marina archaeological park. The restoration is part of a regional plan to increase tourism. The project also calls for the opening of a museum to display Jewish artifacts excavated from the site.
Local rabbi Barbara Aiello conducts tours to the site as well as other Jewish heritage sites in southern Italy.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Synagogue Complex of Bova Marina". Digital Heritage Mapping. 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
- ^ Freund, Michael. "In a small Italian town, the first Jewish wedding since Talmudic times". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
- ^ "Synagogue of Bova Marina". Visit Jewish Italy. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
- ^ Cassuto, Noemi. Dorfmann, Rivka; Dorfmann, Ben Zion (eds.). "The Italian Synagogue through the Ages". Synagogue without Jews, and the Communities that used and built them. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2010 – via Jerusalem Italian Jews Association.
- ^ Suro, Roberto (March 4, 1986). "ITALIAN SYNAGOGUE MAY BE OLDEST IN EUROPE". The New York Times. p. 3, Section C. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
- ^ Levine, Lee I; Lēwîn, Yiśrā·ēl L (2000). The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years. Yale University Press. Retrieved August 20, 2024 – via Google Books.
- ^ Ḥa̱klîlî, Rāḥēl (1009). Ancient Jewish Art and Archaeology in the Diaspora. Brill. Retrieved August 20, 2024 – via Google Books.
External links
edit
- "Museo e Parco archeologico di Bova Marina" [Archaeological Museum and Park of Bova Marina]. Direzione Regionale Musei Calabria (in Italian). Ministero della Cultura. 2016. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
- "Bova Marina Synagogue". Jewish Roots. Archived from the original on July 15, 2009.
- "Calabria: The Jews of Calabria". Jewish Italy. New York, USA: Centro Primo Levi. 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2024.