Wikipedia

Economy of Lithuania


The economy of Lithuania is the largest economy among the three Baltic states.[35][36] Lithuania is a member of the European Union and belongs to the group of very high human development countries and is a member of the WTO and OECD.

Economy of Lithuania
Vilnius CBD
CurrencyEuro (EUR, €)
Calendar year
Trade organisations
EU, WTO, OECD
Country group
Statistics
PopulationIncrease 2,893,887 (2024 September)[4]
GDP
  • Increase $78.346 billion (nominal, 2023 est.)[5]
  • Increase $137.389 billion (PPP, 2023 est.)[5]
GDP rank
GDP growth
  • 4.94% (2021)
  • 1.84% (2022e)
  • 2.59% (2023e)[5]
GDP per capita
  • Increase $28,094 (nominal, 2023 est.)[5]
  • Increase $49,266 (PPP, 2023 est.)[5]
GDP per capita rank
GDP by sector
  • 1.3% (2020 est.)[5]
  • 2.2% (2019)[5]
  • 2.5% (2018)[5]
Population below poverty line
  • 20.9% – monthly income below €510 (2022)[7]
  • Positive decrease 26.3% at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE, 2019)[8]
Positive decrease 35.4 medium (2019, Eurostat)[9]
Decrease 61 out of 100 points (2023)[11] (34th)
Labour force
  • Decrease 1,439,700 (2019)[12]
  • Decrease 78.5% employment rate (2023)[13]
Labour force by occupation
Unemployment
  • Decrease 6.4% (April 2022)[14]
  • Negative increase 23.1% youth unemployment (15 to 24 year-olds; July 2020)[15]
Average gross salary
€2,238 per month (2024 Q2)[16]
€1,376 per month (2024 Q2)[16]
Main industries
Petroleum refining, food processing, energy supplies, chemicals, furniture, wood products, textile and clothing[17]
External
ExportsIncrease €44.31 billion (2022)[18]
Export goods
Mineral products, furniture, vehicles and their parts, plastics, machinery, electrical machinery and equipment, wood[18]
Main export partners
ImportsIncrease €52.54 billion (2022)[18]
Import goods
Mineral products, vehicles and their parts, machinery, electrical machinery and equipment, plastics, pharmaceutical products, iron and steel[18]
Main import partners
FDI stock
  • Increase €29.74 billion (31 December 2022)[19]
  • Increase Abroad: €10.58 billion (31 December 2022)[19]
Increase $364 million (2017 est.)[3]
Negative increase $34.48 billion (31 March 2016 est.)[3]
Public finances
  • Negative increase 36.3% of GDP (2019)[20]
  • Negative increase €17.524 billion (2019)[20]
  • €129 million surplus (2019)[20]
    • +0.3% of GDP (2019)[20]
Revenues35.2% of GDP (2019)[20]
Expenses34.9% of GDP (2019)[20]
Economic aid
  • Standard & Poor's:[23]
  • A- (Domestic)
  • A- (Foreign)
  • AAA (T&C Assessment)
  • Outlook: Stable
  • Moody's:[24]
  • A3 (long-term)
  • (P)P-2 (short-term)
  • Outlook: Stable
  • Fitch:[25]
  • A- (long-term)
  • F1 (short-term)
  • Outlook: Positive
  • Scope:[26]
  • A (long-term rating)
  • Positive (long-term Outlook)
  • S-1 (short-term rating)
Decrease €3.9 billion (October 2018)[27]
[28][29][30][31][32][33][34]
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.

In the 1990s, Lithuania rapidly moved from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, implementing numerous liberal reforms. It enjoyed high growth rates after joining the European Union along with the other Baltic states, leading to the notion of a Baltic Tiger. Lithuania's economy (GDP) grew more than 500 percent since regaining independence in 1990. The Baltic states have a combined workforce of 3.3 million people, with 1.5 million of these working people living in Lithuania.

GDP growth reached its peak in 2008, and was approaching the same levels again in 2018.[37] Similar to the other Baltic States, the Lithuanian economy suffered a deep recession in 2009, with GDP falling by almost 15%. After this severe recession, the country's economy started to show signs of recovery already in the 3rd quarter of 2009. It returned to growth in 2010, with a positive 1.3 outcome and with 6.6 per cent growth during the first half of 2011. The country is one of the fastest growing economies in the EU.[38] GDP growth had resumed in 2010, albeit at a slower pace than before the crisis.[39][40] The success of the crisis taming is attributed to the austerity policy of the Lithuanian government.[41]

Lithuania has a sound fiscal position. The 2017 budget resulted in a 0.5% surplus, with the gross debt stabilising at around 40% of the GDP. The budget remained positive in 2017, and was expected to continue to do so in 2018.[42]

Lithuania is ranked 11th in the world in the Ease of Doing Business Index prepared by the World Bank Group,[43] 16th out of 178 countries in the Index of Economic Freedom, measured by The Heritage Foundation[44] and 8th out of 165 countries in the Economic Freedom of the World 2021[45] by Fraser Institute. On average, more than 95% of all foreign direct investment in Lithuania comes from European Union countries. Sweden is historically the largest investor with 20% – 30% of all FDI in Lithuania.[46] FDI into Lithuania spiked in 2017, reaching its highest ever recorded number of greenfield investment projects. In 2017, Lithuania was the third country, after the Republic of Ireland and Singapore by the average job value of investment projects.[47]

Based on OECD data, Lithuania is among the top 5 countries in the world by postsecondary (tertiary) education attainment.[48] This educated workforce attracted investments, especially in the ICT sector during the past years. The Lithuanian government and the Bank of Lithuania simplified procedures for obtaining licences for the activities of e-money and payment institutions.[49] positioning the country as one of the most attractive for the financial technology initiatives in the EU.

History of economy

edit

The history of Lithuania can be divided into seven major periods. All the periods have some interesting and important facts that affected the economic situation of the country in those times.

History up to the 20th century

edit
 
Lithuanian long silver currency, 12th–15th centuries
 
Various types of trade ships in Nemunas near Kaunas, 19th century

The first Lithuanians formed a branch of an ancient ethno-linguistic group known as the Balts. Up to the 4th century, Lithuanian tribes maintained close trade contacts with the Roman Empire[50][self-published source?] via Aquileia processing center and Carnuntum.[51][52] Amber was the main good provided to the Roman Empire from Baltic Sea coast, via a long route called the Amber Road.

Afterwards, the trading ties persisted with the central European tribes, fostering a consistent exchange of goods. Alongside the most prized commodity of amber, items such as leathers, furs, beeswax, and limited algicultural productss were among the other traded commodities.[51] The connections can be seen through the shared name for amber - the Hungarian gyanta, gyantar are closely related to the Lithuanian gintaras. It's still debated which language group could have loaned the word from another.[51]

Consolidation of the Lithuanian lands began in the late 12th century. King Mindaugas was the first Catholic King of Lithuania in 1253. The expansion of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania reached its height in the middle of the 14th century under the Grand Duke Gediminas (reigned 1316–1341), who established a strong central government which later came to dominate the territories from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. Grand Duke Gediminas issued letters to the Hanseatic league, offering free access to his domains for men of every order and profession from nobles and knights to tillers of the soil. Economic immigrants and immigrants, seeking religious freedom improved the level of handicrafts. During the reign of Duke Kęstutis (1297–1382), the first cash taxes were introduced, although most taxes were still paid in goods (e.g., wheat, cattle, horses).

In 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth formed through the union of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The economy of the Commonwealth was dominated by feudal agriculture based on the exploitation of the agricultural workforce (serfs). Poland–Lithuania played a significant role in supplying 16th-century Western Europe with exports of three sorts of goods: grain (rye), cattle (oxen) and fur. These three articles amounted to nearly 90% of the country's exports to western markets by overland and maritime trade.[citation needed] There was even a Lithuanian trading vessel – vytinė, used for four hundred years to transport grain via Nemunas river. Statutes of Lithuania were the main collections of law statements and rules for nearly three centuries since being published in 1529.

The Commonwealth was famous for Europe's first and the world's second modern codified national constitution, the so-called Constitution of 3 May, declared on 3 May 1791 (after the 1788 ratification of the United States Constitution). Economic and commercial reforms, previously shunned as unimportant by the Szlachta, were introduced, and the development of industries was encouraged.

Following the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, 1793 and 1795, the Russian Empire controlled the majority of Lithuania. During the administration of the Lithuanian lands by the Russian Empire from 1772 to 1917, one of the most important events that affected economic relations was the emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia. The reform amounted to the liquidation of serf dependence previously suffered by peasants; it boosted the development of capitalism. However, Lithuania, as did its neighbouring provinces, remained an agricultural supplier for the post Industrial Revolution European markets.

Lithuania in the 20th century

edit

Lithuania had stagnant economic growth in the interwar period (1919–1940).[53] Its GDP growth resembled newly established agricultureal states such as Estonia and Poland.[53] Lithuania's economy did not undergo contraction during the Great Depression.[53]

 
Construction of Lietūkis agricultural cooperative's warehouse in Klaipėda.

On 16 February 1918, the Council of Lithuania passed a resolution for the re-establishment of the Independent State of Lithuania. Soon, many economic reforms for sustainable economic growth were implemented. A national currency, called the Lithuanian litas, was introduced in 1922. It proved to become one of the strongest and most stable currencies in Europe during the inter-war period.[54] Lithuania had a monometalism system where one litas was covered by 0.150462 grams of gold stored by the Bank of Lithuania in foreign countries. Litas remained stable even in the period of Great Depression. During the time of its independence, 1918–1940, Lithuania made substantial progress. For example, Lithuania was the third-ranking flax producer and exporter in the world market (export of flax constituted about 30 percent of all export share[55]), being surpassed only by Soviet Russia and Poland;[56] Lithuanian farm products such as meat, dairy products, many kinds of grain, potatoes, etc. were of superior quality in the world market. Lithuanian farmers were joining into cooperative companies – e.g. Lietūkis, Pienocentras, Linas, which helped farmers to process and sell their products more efficiently and profitably.

Having taken advantage of favorable international developments, and driven by its foreign policy aims directed against Lithuanian statehood, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) occupied Lithuania in 1940.[57] Land and the most important objects for the economy were nationalized, and most of the farms collectivized. Just after one year of occupation, poverty level, unemployment increased dramatically, lack of food products appeared. Later, many inefficient factories and industry companies, highly dependent on other regions of USSR, were established in Lithuania. Despite that, in 1990, GDP per capita of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic was $8,591, which was above the average for the rest of the Soviet Union of $6,871 but lagging behind developed western countries.

The Soviet era brought Lithuania intensive industrialization and economic integration into the USSR, although the level of technology and state concern for environmental, health, and labor issues lagged far behind Western standards.[58] Urbanization increased from 39% in 1959 to 68% in 1989. From 1949 to 1952 the Soviets abolished private ownership in agriculture, establishing collective and state farms. Production declined and did not reach pre-war levels until the early 1960s. The intensification of agricultural production through intense chemical use and mechanization eventually doubled production but created additional ecological problems. This changed after independence, when farm production dropped due to difficulties in restructuring the agricultural sector.[58]

The overall damage, resulted from the Soviet occupation (including the loss of gross domestic product), estimated according to the UN recognised methodologies amounted to approximately US$800 billion; direct damage (including genocide and deportations of the citizens, property looting) estimation is US$20 billion.[59]

According to a 2019 study by economic historians, Lithuania had above average economic growth from 1937 to 1973 (when compared to other economies), but below average growth from 1973 to 1990.[60]

Development since the 1990s

edit
 
Countries with larger GDP PPP per capita than Lithuania in 1995 vs 2022

Reforms since the mid-1990s led to an open and rapidly growing economy. Open to global trade and investment, Lithuania now enjoys high degrees of business, fiscal, and financial freedom. Lithuania is a member of the EU and the WTO, so regulation is relatively transparent and efficient, with foreign and domestic capital subject to the same rules. The financial sector is advanced, regionally integrated, and subject to few intrusive regulations.[44]

One of Lithuania's most important reforms was the privatization of state-owned assets. The first stage of privatization was being implemented between 1991 and 1995. Citizens were given investment vouchers worth €3.1 billion in nominal value, which let them participate in assets selling.[61] By October 1995, they were used as follows: 65% for acquisition of shares; 19% for residential dwellings; 5% for agricultural properties; and 7% remained unused.[61] More than 5,700 enterprises with €2.0 billion worth of state capital in book value were sold using four initial privatization methods: share offerings; auctions; best business plans competitions; and hard currency sales.[61]

The second privatization step began in 1995 by approving a new law that ensured greater diversity of privatization methods and that enabled participation in the selling process without vouchers. Between 1996 and 1998, 526 entities were sold for more than €0.7 billion.[61] Before the reforms, the public sector totally dominated the economy, whereas the share of the private sector in GDP increased to over 70% by the 2000 and 80% in 2011.[62]

Monetary reform was undertaken in the early nineties to improve the stability of the economy. Lithuania chose a currency board system controlled by the Bank of Lithuania independent of any government institution. On 25 June 1993, the Lithuanian litas was introduced as a freely convertible currency, but on 1 April 1994 it was pegged to the United States dollar at a rate of 4 to 1. The mechanism of the currency board system enabled Lithuania to stabilize inflation rates to single digits. The stable currency rate helped to establish foreign economic relations, therefore leading[citation needed] to a constant growth of foreign trade.[63]

By 1998, the economy had survived the early years of uncertainty and several setbacks, including a banking crisis. However, the collapse of the Russian ruble in August 1998 shocked the economy into negative growth and forced the reorientation of trade from Russia towards the West.[58]

 
Share of private sector in GDP

Lithuania was invited to the Helsinki EU summit in December 1999 to begin EU accession talks in early 2000.[64]

After the Russian financial crisis, the focus of Lithuania's export markets shifted from East to West. In 1997, exports to the Soviet Union's successor entity (the Commonwealth of Independent States) made up 45% of total Lithuanian exports. This share of exports dropped to 21% of the total in 2006, while exports to EU members increased to 63% of the total.[58] Exports to the United States made up 4.3% of all Lithuania's exports in 2006, and imports from the United States comprised 2% of total imports. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2005 was €0.8 billion.

On 2 February 2002 the litas was pegged to the euro at a rate of 3.4528 to 1, which remained until Lithuania adopted the euro in 2015. Lithuania was very close to introducing the euro in 2007, but the inflation level exceeded the Maastricht requirements.[65] On 1 January 2015, Lithuania became the 19th country to use the euro.[66]

The Vilnius Stock Exchange, now renamed the NASDAQ OMX Vilnius, started its activity in 1993 and was the first stock exchange in the Baltic states. In 2003, the VSE was acquired by OMX. Since 27 February 2008 the Vilnius Stock Exchange has been a member of NASDAQ OMX Group, which is the world's largest exchange company across six continents, with over 3,800 listed companies.[67] The market cap of Vilnius Stock Exchange was €3.4 billion on 27 November 2009.[68]

During the last decade (1998–2008) the structure of Lithuania's economy has changed significantly. The biggest changes were recorded in the agricultural sector as the share of total employment decreased from 19.2% in 1998 to just 7.9% in 2008. The service sector plays an increasingly important role. The share of GDP in financial intermediation and real estate sectors was 17% in 2008 compared to 11% in 1998. The share of total employment in the financial sector in 2008 has doubled compared with 1998.[69][70]

Lithuania in the 21st century

edit
 
Real GDP growth in Lithuania, 1996–2019

Between 2000 and 2017, the Lithuanian GDP grew by 308%.[71]

 
Shopping mall in Vilnius with international brandmarks

One of the most important factors contributing to Lithuania's economic growth was its accession to the WTO in 2001 and the EU in 2004, which allows free movement of labour, capital, and trade among EU member states. On the other hand, rapid growth caused some imbalances in inflation and balance of payments. The current account deficit to GDP ratio in 2006–2008 was in the double digits and reached its peak in the first quarter of 2008 at a threatening 18.8%.[72] This was mostly due to rapid loan portfolio growth as Scandinavian banks provided cheap credit under quite lax rules in Lithuania. The volume of loans to acquire lodgings has grown from 50 million LTL in 2004 up to 720 million LTL in 2007.[citation needed] Consumption was affected by credit expansion as well. This led to high inflation of goods and services, as well as trade deficit. A housing bubble was formed.

 
Economic sentiment indicator and its components

The global credit crunch which started in 2008 affected the real estate and retail sectors. The construction sector shrank by 46.8% during the first three-quarters of 2009 and the slump in retail trade was almost 30%.[39][73] GDP plunged by 15.7% in the first nine months of 2009.[39]

 
Balance of payments in Lithuania, quarterly data

Lithuania was the last among the Baltic states to be hit by recession because its GDP growth rate in 2008 was still positive, followed by a slump of more than 15% in 2009. In the third quarter of 2009, compared to the previous quarter, GDP again grew by 6.1% after five-quarters with negative numbers.[39] Austerity policy (four-fifths of the fiscal adjustment consisted of expenditure cuts)[74] introduced by the Kubilius government helped to balance the current account from −15.5 in 2007 to 1.6 in 2009.[75] Economic sentiment and confidence of all business activities have rebounded from a record low at the beginning of the year 2009.

Sectors related to domestic consumption and real estate still suffer from the economic crisis, but exporters have started making profits even with lower levels of revenue. The catalysts of growing profit margins are lower raw material prices and staff expense.

At the end of 2017, investment of Lithuania's enterprises abroad amounted to EUR 2.9 billion. The largest investment was made in Netherlands (24.1 per cent of the total direct investment abroad), Cyprus (19.8 per cent), Latvia (14.9 per cent), Poland (10.5 per cent) and Estonia (10.3 per cent). Lithuania's direct investment in the EU member states totalled EUR 2.6 billion, or 89.3 per cent of the total direct investment abroad.[76]

Based on the Eurostat's data, in 2017, the value of Lithuanian exports recorded the most rapid growth not only in the Baltic countries, but also across Europe, which was 16.9 per cent.[77] Lithuania performs well in few measures of well-being in the Better Life Index by OECD, ranking above the average in education and skills, and work-life balance. It is below the average in income and wealth, jobs and earnings, housing, health status, social connections, civic engagement, environmental quality, personal security, and subjective well-being.[78] Lithuanian people are the happiest people in the Baltic States.[79][80]

Euro adoption

edit
 
Real GPD per capita development of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania

On 1 January 2015, Lithuania became the 19th country to adopt the euro. Joining the euro would relieve the Bank of Lithuania of defending the value of the litas, and "it would give Lithuania a say in the decision-making of the European Central Bank (ECB), as well as access to the ECB single-resolution fund and cheaper borrowing costs".[66]

Business climate

edit
Further information: Taxation in Lithuania

In 2024, Lithuania ranks 9th in the International Tax Competitiveness Index, confirming its attractiveness for business. In the Index of Economic Freedom, this European country ranks 15th, and 11th in the Ease of Doing Business Index, underscoring its status as one of the most favorable jurisdictions for entrepreneurship in Europe.[81]

Cumulative foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2017 was EUR 14.7 billion, or 35 per cent of GDP, EUR 5215 per capita.[82] The largest FDI flow in Lithuania was into manufacturing (EUR 73.7 million), agriculture, forestry, fishery (EUR 27.4 million), information and communication (EUR 10 million). Sweden, The Netherlands and Germany have remained the largest investors.[82]

Lithuania seeks to become an innovation hub by 2020. To reach this goal, it is putting its efforts into attracting FDI to added-value sectors, especially IT services, software development, consulting, finance, and logistics.[83] Well-known international companies such as Microsoft, IBM, Transcom, Barclays, Siemens, SEB, TeliaSonera, Paroc, Wix.com, Philip Morris, Thermo Fisher Scientific established a presence in Lithuania.

 
Aerial view of the Kaunas Free Economic Zone

Lithuanian FEZs (Free economic zone) offer developed infrastructure, service support, and tax incentives. A company set up in an FEZ is exempt from corporate taxation for its first six years, as well as a tax on dividends and real estate tax.[84] 7 FEZ operate in Lithuania – Marijampolė Free Economic Zone, Kaunas Free Economic Zone, Klaipėda Free Economic Zone, Panevėžys Free Economic Zone, Akmenė Free Economic Zone, Šiauliai Free Economic Zone, Kėdainiai Free Economic Zone. There are nine industrial sites in Lithuania, which can also provide additional advantages by having a well-developed infrastructure, offering consultancy service and tax incentives.[85] Lithuania is ranked third among developed economies by the quantity (16) of Special Economic Zones – after USA (256) and Poland (21).[86]

Lithuanian municipalities provide special incentives to investors who create jobs or invest in infrastructure. Municipalities may tie designation criteria to additional factors, such as the number of jobs created or environmental benefits. Strategic investors' benefits could include favorable tax incentives for up to ten years. Municipalities may grant special incentives to induce investments in municipal infrastructure, manufacturing, and services.[87]

About 40 percent of surveyed investors confirmed that they are carrying out Research and experimental development (R&D) or plan to do it in their Lithuanian branches.[88] In 2018 Lithuania ranked as the second most attractive location for manufacturers in the Manufacturing Risk Index 2018.[89] In 2019, Lithuania was 16th in Top 20 European FDI destination countries list, created by the Ernst & Young.[90]

Regional situation

edit

Lithuania is divided into ten counties. There are four cities with a population over 100,000 and two cities of over 50,000 people. The gross regional product is concentrated in the two largest counties – Vilnius and Kaunas. These two counties account for 2/3 of the GDP with just 50% of the population.[91]

In 2023-Q3 Vilnius County was the only one with the average salary above the national average, while Utena County had the lowest with 20% below it.[92]

In order to achieve balanced regional distribution of GDP, nine public industrial parks (Akmene Industrial Park, Alytus Industrial Park, Kedainiai Industrial Park, Marijampolė Industrial Park, Pagegiai Industrial Park, Panevėžys Industrial Park, Radviliskis Industrial Park, Ramygala Industrial Park and Šiauliai Industrial Park) and three private industrial parks (Tauragė Private Industrial Park, Sitkunai Private Industrial Park, Ramučiai Private Logistic and Industrial Park) were established to provide some tax incentives and prepared physical infrastructure.[85]

 
Lithuanian counties by GDP per capita, 2022
County Area
(km2) 		Population (2024 January)[91] GDP (billion EUR)[93] GDP per capita (EUR)[93] Av. monthly wage (2024 Q1)
Gross (€)[92] Net (€)[92]
Alytus County 5,425 134,181 1.8 13,600 1,742 1,121
Kaunas County 8,089 585,430 13.7 23,900 2,146 1,326
Klaipėda County 5,209 339,831 7.0 21,300 2,000 1,252
Marijampolė County 4,463 134,663 2.0 14,400 1,735 1,118
Panevėžys County 7,881 209,093 3.6 17,100 1,802 1,152
Šiauliai County 8,540 266,803 4.6 17,600 1,799 1,151
Tauragė County 4,411 90,534 1.2 13,200 1,853 1,178
Telšiai County 4,350 130,913 2.2 16,900 1,925 1,214
Utena County 7,201 126,192 1.7 13,800 1,724 1,122
Vilnius County 9,731 868,251 29.4 35,300 2,399 1,468
Lithuania 65,300 2,885,891 67.4 23,800 2,161 1,333

Sectors of economy

edit

In 2022, the sector with the highest number of companies registered in Lithuania is Services with 53,386 companies followed by Unknown industry and Wholesale Trade with 50,660 and 26,974 companies respectively.[94]

Services

edit

One of the most important sub-sectors is information and communication technologies (ICT). Around 37,000 employees work for more than 2,000 ICT companies. ICT received 9.5% of total FDI. Lithuania hosts 13 of the 20 largest IT companies in the Baltic States.[95] Lithuania exported EUR 128 million worth ICT services in II quarter of 2018.

Development of shared services and business process outsourcing are some of the most promising fields. Companies that have outsourced their business operations to Lithuania include, Danske Bank, CITCO Group, Western Union, Uber, MIRROR, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Anthill, Adform, Booking Holdings (Kayak.com, Booking.com), HomeToGo, Visma, Unity, Yara International, Nasdaq Nordic, Bentley Systems, Ernst & Young and many more.

Financial services

edit
 
Lending and saving data

The financial sector concentrates mostly on the domestic market. There are thirteen commercial banks that hold a license from the Bank of Lithuania and eight foreign bank branches.[96] Most of the banks belong to international corporations, mainly Scandinavian. The financial sector has demonstrated incredible growth in the pre-crisis period (1998–2008). Bank assets were only €3.2 billion or 25.5% from GDP in 2000, half of which consisted of loan portfolio.[97]

By the beginning of the year 2009, bank assets grew to €26.0 billion or 80.8% to GDP, the loan portfolio reached €20.7 billion.[98] The loan-to-GDP ratio was 64%. The growth of deposits was not as fast as that of loans. At the end of 2008, the loan portfolio was almost twice as big as that of deposits. It demonstrated high dependence on external financing. Contraction in the loan portfolio has been recorded over the past year, so the loans to deposits ratio are slowly getting back to healthy levels.

Moody's Corporation declared about opening its office in Vilnius.[99]

FinTech
edit

The country has increasingly sought to position itself as the EU's main fintech hub, hoping to attract international firms by promising to provide European operational licences within three months, compared to a waiting period of up to a year in countries like Germany or the UK.[100] In 2017 only, 35[101] FinTech companies came to Lithuania – a result of Lithuanian government and Bank of Lithuania simplified procedures for obtaining licences for the activities of e-money and payment institutions.[49] Europe's first international Blockchain Centre launched in Vilnius in 2018.[102] Since 2021, Lithuania has issued hundreds of licenses for cryptocurrency exchange and storage services, making it one of the leading countries in the EU for such permits.[103] The government of Lithuania also aims to attract financial institutions looking for a new location after Brexit.[104][105] Lithuania has granted a total of 39 e-money licenses, second in the EU only to the U.K. with 128 licenses. In 2018, Google set up a payment company in Lithuania,[106] Vilnius was ranked a seventh FinTech city by foreign direct investment (FDI) performance in 2019.[107]

Bank of Lithuania, the Central Bank of Lithuania established a Regulatory sandbox[108] to test financial innovations in a live environment under the guidance and supervision of the Bank of Lithuania. Bank of Lithuania has also developed LBChain which is the world's first blockchain-based sandbox developed by a financial market regulator, combining technological and regulatory infrastructures.[109]

Manufacturing

edit
 
Linpra - the largest association for engineering and manufacturing companies in The Baltic States

Lithuania has a much larger manufacturing sector share in the economy's structure than the other Baltic countries. In this regard, Lithuania is closer to some Central European countries like the Czech Republic or Germany.[110]

Manufacturing constitutes the biggest part of gross value added in Lithuania. The food processing sector constitutes 11% of total exports. Dairy products, especially cheese, are well known in neighbouring countries. Another important manufacturing activity is chemical products. The manufacturing of machinery and equipment sector in Lithuania comprises 7.1% of the country's GDP. 80% of production is exported so chemical products constitute 12.5% of total exports. Year 2019 was exemplary – more than 10 new factories were opened in Lithuania, working in the fields in engineering, high precision instruments, furniture and medical products.

Furniture

Furniture production employs more than 50,000 people and has seen double-digit growth over the last three years. The biggest companies in this field work in cooperation with IKEA, which owns one of the biggest wood processing companies in Lithuania. Lithuania is the fourth biggest supplier of furniture for IKEA after Poland, Italy and Germany.[111]

Automotive industry

Continental AG in 2018 started to build a factory for high precision car electronics – the biggest greenfield investment project in Lithuania so far.[112] Another German manufacturer of lighting technology Hella opened a plant in 2018 in Kaunas FEZ, which will produce sensors, actuators and control modules for the automotive industry.[113] Lithuania's automotive cluster experienced significant growth during the past 5 years.

Companies in the automotive and engineering sector are relatively small but offer flexible services for small and non-standard orders at competitive prices. The sector employs about 3% of the working population and receives 5.6% of FDI.[114] Vilnius Gediminas Technical University prepares experts for the sector.

Biotechnology and life sciences

Lithuania's life science sector is growing around 20–25% annually; with special focus on the production and research of biotechnology, pharmaceutical and medical devices.[115]

Laser technology

Lithuanian laser companies were among the first ones in the world to transfer fundamental research into manufacturing. Lithuania's laser producers export laser technologies and devices to nearly 100 countries. Half of all picosecond lasers sold worldwide are produced by Lithuanian companies, while Lithuanian-made femtosecond parametric light amplifiers, used in generating the ultrashort laser pulses, account for as much as 80% of the world market.[116]

Tourism

edit

Tourism in Lithuania is becoming increasingly important for the local economy, constituting around 5.3% of GDP in 2016.[117] Lithuania has 22,000 rivers and rivulets, 3,000 lakes, a well-developed rural tourism network, a unique coastal area of almost 100 km and four UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Lithuania receives more than 1.4 million foreign tourists a year.[118] Germany, Poland, Russia, Latvia, and Belarus supply the most tourists, and a significant number arrive from the UK, the USA, Finland, and Italy as well.

Agriculture

edit
Main article: Agriculture in Lithuania

Despite a decreased share in GDP, the agricultural sector is still important for Lithuania as it employs almost 8% of the work force and supplies materials for the food processing sector.[119] In 2023 it, together with food produsts, combined for 19.6% of all Lithuanian exports.[120] 44.8% of the land is arable[120] and the total crop area was 1.8 million hectares in 2008.[121] Cereals, wheat, and triticale are the most popular production of farms. The number of livestock and poultry has decreased twofold compared to the 1990s. The number of cattle in Lithuania at the beginning of the year 2009 was 770,000, the number of dairy cows was 395,000, and the number of poultry was 9.1 million.[122]

Lithuanian food consumption has evolved; between 1992 and 2008, consumption of vegetables increased by 30% to 86 kg per capita, and consumption of meat and its products increased by 23% during the same period to 81 kg per capita.[123] On the other hand, consumption of milk and dairy products has decreased to 268 kg per capita by 21%, and the consumption of bread and grain products decreased to 114 kg per capita by 19% as well.[123]

Lithuania produced in 2018:

In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products, like apple (92 thousand tons), maize (87 thousand tons)and rye (44 thousand tons).[124]

Corporations

edit

Lithuania traditionally has strong agricultural, furniture, logistics, meatpacking & poultry, biotechnology and laser industries. Maxima is a retail chain operating in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland and Bulgaria and it is the largest Lithuanian capital company and the largest employer in the Baltic states. Girteka Logistics is Europe's largest transport company.[125] Biotechpharma [lt] is a biopharmaceutical research and development company with a focus on recombinant protein technology development. The BIOK Laboratory is a startup founded by biochemistry scientists which is the biggest producer of Lithuanian natural cosmetic products. UAB SANITEX is the largest wholesale, distribution and logistics company in Lithuania and Latvia, also active in Estonia and Poland. SoliTek – the largest photovoltaic module and energy storage battery manufacturer in Northern Europe. One of the leaders of cellular IoT gateways producers in Europe – UAB Teltonika.

In the "Baltic Top 50", the biggest Baltic states companies rating created by Coface, more than half – 27 – companies are from Lithuania. Together they account for 69.1% combined turnover, 67.1% net profit, and 76.2% employees of all the listed companies.[126]

Largest companies

edit

The total revenue of the 1000 largest companies in Lithuania reached 77.9 billion euros in 2023, and seen a 2.6% year-to-year contraction.[127] There were the largest companies of Lithuania in 2023 financial year, by revenue:[128][129]

Rank
[a]		 Name Headquarters Revenue
(bil. €)		 Employees Industry
01.   Orlen Lietuva, AB Mažeikiai 6.427   1,545 Oil, petrol
02.   Maxima LT, UAB Vilnius 2.143   11,704 Retail
03.   Ignitis, UAB Vilnius 1.381   404 Electric power industry
04.   Linas Agro [de; lt], AB Panevėžys 1.177   216 Agribusiness
06.   Viada LT, UAB Vilnius 0.897   1,197 Petrol stations
05.   Circle K Lietuva, UAB Vilnius 0.894   1.025
07.   Iki Lietuva, UAB Vilnius 0.887   5,650 Retail
09.   Lidl Lietuva, UAB Vilnius 0.871   3,071
08.   Thermo Fisher Scientific Baltics, UAB Vilnius 0.821   1,556 Biotechnology, pharmaceutical
010.   Sanitex [lt; de], UAB Kaunas 0.806   1,260 Wholesale, logistics
  1. ^ In the VŽ list

Most valuable companies

edit

Largest Lithuanian companies by valuation (EUR € billions) according to 15min (2024).[130]

Rank Name Headquarters Valuation
(bil. €)		 Industry
01   Maxima Group, UAB Vilnius 2.865   Retail
02   Thermo Fisher Scientific Baltics, UAB Vilnius 2.404   Life sciences
03   Avia Solutions Group, PLC Vilnius 2.394   Aviation
04   Orlen Lietuva, AB Mažeikiai 2.196   Oil, petrol
05   Luminor Bank, AS Lietuvos skyrius Vilnius 1.583   Banking
06   Swedbank, AB Vilnius 1.441  
07   Ignitis grupė, AB Vilnius 1.354   Electric power
08   Baltic Classifieds Group, PLC Vilnius 1.284   Web portal
09   SEB bankas, AB Vilnius 1.217   Banking
10   Girteka Group, UAB Vilnius 1.097   Logistics
11   Telia Lietuva, AB Vilnius 0.926   Telecommunications
12   Tele2, UAB Vilnius 0.809  
13   Lithuanian Railways, AB Vilnius 0.706   Rail transport
14   Bitė Lietuva, UAB Vilnius 0.672   Telecommunications

Workforce

edit
 
Population with higher education, 2001–2008
 
Salaries and unemployment, 2001–2009

The number of the population aged 15 years and over is 1.45 million, activity rate was 60 percent in 2017.[131]

During the period of 1995–2017 average salary grew more than four times in Lithuania.[132] Despite this, labour costs in Lithuania are among the lowest in the EU. Average monthly net salary in IV quarter 2018 was EUR 800 and increased by 9.5 percent. Unemployment in Lithuania has been volatile. Since the year 2001, the unemployment rate has decreased from almost 20% to less than 4% in 2007 thanks to two main reasons. Firstly, during the time of rapid economic expansion, numerous work places were established. This caused a decrease in the unemployment rate and a rise in staff expenses. Secondly, emigration has also reduced unemployment problems since accession to the EU. However, the economic crisis of year 2008 has lowered the need for workers, so the unemployment rate increased to 13.8% and then stabilized in the third quarter of 2009. Unemployment rate in I quarter of 2018 was 6.3 percent.[133]

Lithuania is among the top 5 countries in the world by postsecondary (tertiary) education attainment.[48]As of 2016, 54.9% of the population aged 25 to 34, and 30.7% of the population aged 55 to 64 had completed tertiary education.[134] The share of tertiary-educated 25–64-year-olds in STEM (Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields in Lithuania were above the OECD average (29% and 26% respectively), similarly to business, administration and law (25% and 23% respectively).[135]

The level of labour productivity in Lithuania today is about one-third below the OECD average.[136] Lithuania is ranked 15th in Employment Flexibility Index.[137]

Largest employers by municipality

edit

The following companies provided the most jobs (at least 1000 laborers) within the specific municipalities in 2024. Employment agencies are excluded from the list.[138]

Municipality Company Industry No. Employees Perc. of workforce
Vilnius Maxima LT Retail 4,576 040%
Švenčionys Intersurgical [de] Health technology 2,191 100%
Panevėžys PKC Group Lithuania [fi] Automotive electronics 2,094 [139]
Klaipėda (district) Vlantana [de] Logistics 1,909 079%
Kaunas (district) Hoptransa Logistics 1,670 094%
Kaunas Maxima LT Retail 1,634 014%
Marijampolė Mantinga Bakery 1,603 100%
Visaginas Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant Radioactive waste management 1,599 100%
Mažeikiai Orlen Lietuva Oil, petrol 1,467 100%
Vilnius (district) Vilniaus paukštynas Poultry farming 1,296 100%
Šiauliai Trasis Logistics 1,239 078%
Telšiai Žemaitijos pienas Dairy products 1,239 100%
Utena Biovela-Utenos mėsa [lt] Meat-packing 1,196 100%
Jonava Achema Fertilizers 1,157 100%
Kėdainiai Krekenavos agrofirma Meat-packing 1,084 100%

Income and wealth distribution

edit
See also: List of Lithuanians by net worth

Lithuania belongs to high income group according to Credit Suisse Global Wealth Report 2019.[140] As of 2019, Lithuanian average wealth per adult was $50,254 (an increase of 82% from $27,507 in the year 2017) [141] Household debt is among the lowest among EU countries – 49 percent of net disposable income in 2015.[142]

Municipalities by median home value

edit
 
Lithuanian municipalities by median home value (government estimate), 2021
 
Neringa Municipality has highest home prices in Lithuania surpassing capital city by almost two times
 
Didžiasalis, Ignalina District. In 1989 it had population of 2,600 while in 2021 it was only around 1,000.
Municipality Median home value (government estimate), Eur[143]
Neringa
111,000
Vilnius
060,100
Klaipėda
047,400
Palanga
044,100
Kaunas (district)
043,900
Kaunas
040,700
Klaipėda (district)
039,800
Šiauliai
036,400
Vilnius (district)
035,100
Druskininkai
030,200
Panevėžys
029,200
Birštonas
025,500
Trakai
025,100
Kretinga
024,000
Tauragė
023,500
Marijampolė
023,300
Alytus
020,800
Elektrėnai
020,600
Utena
017,300
Jonava
017,000
Mažeikiai
015,000
Plungė
013,700
Telšiai
013,700
Šiauliai (district)
013,100
Raseiniai
012,600
Jurbarkas
012,500
Šilutė
011,900
Širvintos
011,800
Ukmergė
011,100
Vilkaviškis
010,700
  
Municipality Median home value (government estimate), Eur[143]
Kazlų Rūda
10,300
Visaginas
10,000
Šakiai
09,900
Kėdainiai
09,600
Kalvarija
08,800
Kaišiadorys
08,200
Radviliškis
07,900
Rietavas
07,800
Joniškis
07,800
Šilalė
07,600
Skuodas
07,400
Švenčionys
07,300
Panevėžys (district)
06,800
Šalčininkai
06,400
Lazdijai
06,400
Prienai
06,300
Biržai
06,200
Alytus (district)
06,200
Molėtai
06,200
Pagėgiai
06,000
Akmenė
05,700
Kelmė
05,700
Pakruojis
05,600
Rokiškis
05,300
Varėna
05,100
Kupiškis
05,000
Anykščiai
04,800
Pasvalys
04,700
Zarasai
04,200
Ignalina
03,700

Infrastructure

edit

The transport, storage, and communication sector has increased its importance to the economy of Lithuania. In 2008, it accounted for 12.1% of GDP compared to 9.1% in 1996.[144]

Communications

edit
Main article: Telecommunications in Lithuania

Lithuania has a broadly developed radio, television, landline and mobile phone, as well as broadband internet networks.

Lithuanian National Radio and Television, the public broadcaster in Lithuania operates 3 television channels, including a satellite channel, as well as 3 radio stations. Privately owned commercial TV and Radio broadcasters operate a multitude national, regional and local channels.[145]

There are four TIER III datacenters in Lithuania.[146] Lithuania is 44th globally ranked country on data center density according to Cloudscene.[147]

The fixed landline network connects 625 thousand households and businesses (down from the record 845 thousand in 2005).[148] The decline in subscription and utilization of the landline network has been driven by increased availability of mobile phone services. The mobile telephony penetration rate in Lithuania (of 151 per 100 population in 2013) has been one of the highest in the world.[149] In 2013, there were 13 providers of mobile phone services, with the three largest ones – BITĖ Lietuva, Omnitel, and Tele2 – operating their own cellular networks.

Lithuanian retail internet sector is competitive, with more than 100 service providers. Retail internet connectivity in Lithuania was among the cheapest in Europe; however, the internet penetration rate (64% of households using internet in 2013) was lower than in other EU countries in the region – Estonia (79%), Latvia (70%) and Poland (69%). Lithuanian internet connection speeds have been claimed to be among the fastest in the world[150] based on user-initiated tests at Speedtest.net.

Energy

edit
Main article: Energy in Lithuania
 
Heating energy data

The utilities sector accounts for more than 3% of gross value added in Lithuania. Electricity production exceeded 12 billion kWh in 2007, and consumption exceeded 9.6 billion kWh. Surplus electricity is exported.

Lithuania operated a nuclear power plant in Visaginas, which produced 72% of electricity in Lithuania.[151] The plant was shut down on 31 December 2009 in line with the commitments made when Lithuania joined EU in 2004. A new nuclear power plant in Visaginas has been proposed but the status of the project is uncertain after it was rejected by the voters in a referendum in 2012.

The supply of heating energy was modernized during the decade (1998–2008). Technological loss in the heat energy system has decreased significantly from 26.2% in the year 2000 to 16.7% in 2008. The amount of air pollution was reduced by one-third. The share of renewable energy resources in the total fuel balance for heat production increased to almost 20%.

In order to break down Gazprom's monopoly[152][153] in the natural gas market of Lithuania, the first large scale LNG import terminal (Klaipėda LNG FSRU) in the Baltic region was built in the port of Klaipėda in 2014. The Klaipėda LNG terminal was called Independence, thus emphasising the aim to diversify the energy market of Lithuania. Norvegian company Equinor supplies 540 million cubic metres (19 billion cubic feet) of natural gas annually from 2015 until 2020.[154] The terminal is able to cover 100% of Lithuania's demand and 90% of Latvia's and Estonia's national demand in the future.[155]

Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant operates as pumped-storage providing a spinning reserve of the power system, in order to regulate the load curve of the power system 24 hours a day. In 2015 Kruonis Industrial Park was established as a place for data centers.[156]

In 2018 synchronising the Baltic States' electricity grid with the Synchronous grid of Continental Europe has started.[157]

Transport

edit
Main article: Transport in Lithuania
 
Volume of goods transported, million tonne-kilometers
 
Funding of roads

Lithuania forms part of the transport corridor between the East and the West. The volume of goods transported by road transport has increased fivefold since 1996. The total length of roadways is more than 80,000 km, and 90% of them are paved.[119] The government spending on road infrastructure exceeded €0.5 billion in 2008. Via Baltica highway passes through Kaunas, while membership in the Schengen Agreement allows for smooth border crossing to Poland and Latvia.

Rail transport in Lithuania provides long-distance passenger and cargo services. Railways carry approximately 50 million tons of cargo and 7 million passengers a year.[158] Direct rail routes link Lithuania with Russia, Belarus, Latvia, Poland, and Germany. Also, the main transit route between Russia and Russia's Kaliningrad Region passes through Lithuania. Lithuanian Railways AB transports about 44% of the freight carried through Lithuania.[159] This is a very high indicator compared to other EU countries, where freight transportation by rail amounts to only 10% of the total.[160]

An ice-free seaport of Klaipeda is located in the western part of Lithuania. The port is an important regional transport hub connecting the sea, land and railway routes from east and west. It handles roughly 7,000 ships and 30 million tons of cargo every year, and accepts large-tonnage vessels (dry-cargo vessels up to 70,000 DWT, tankers up to 100,000 DWT and cruise ships up to 270 meters long). The seaport of Klaipėda is able to receive Panamax-type vessels.[158] One of the fastest growing segments of sea transport is passenger traffic, which has increased fourfold since 2002. The inland river cargo port in Marvelė, linking Kaunas and Klaipėda, received first cargo in 2019.[161]

Lithuania has four international airports – Vilnius Airport (VNO), Kaunas Airport (KUN), Šiauliai Airport (SQQ) and Palanga Airport (PLQ). More than 30 domestic airports being used by aeroclubs and amateur pilots.

Storage

edit

There are more than 600,000 m2 of modern logistics and warehousing facilities in Lithuania.[162] The biggest supply of new, modern warehousing facilities is in the capital city Vilnius (after the completion of several new projects in the third quarter of 2009, the supply of modern warehousing premises has increased by nearly 12% in Vilnius and currently reaches 334,400 m2 of the rentable area). Kaunas is in the second place (around 200,000 m2), and Klaipėda in the third (122,500 m2).[158] Since the beginning of the year 2009, prices for warehousing premises have dropped by 20–25% in Vilnius, Kaunas, and Klaipėda, and the current level of rents has reached the level of 2003.[162] The costs for renting new warehouses in Vilnius, Kaunas, and Klaipėda are similar and reach 0.75 to 1.42 EUR/m2, while the rents of old warehouses are 0.35 to 0.67 EUR/m2.

International trade

edit

Lithuanian economy is highly open and International trade is crucial. As a result, the ratio of foreign trade to GDP for Lithuania has often exceeded 100%.

The EU is the biggest trade partner of Lithuania with a 67% of total imports and 61.3% of total exports during 2015.[163] The Commonwealth of Independent States is the second economic union that Lithuania trades the most with, with a share of imports of 25% and a share of exports of 23.9% during the same period.[163] The vast majority of commodities, including oil, gas, and metals have to be imported, mainly from Russia, however in the recent years Lithuania's energy dependence has shifted towards other countries such as Norway and the US. Mineral products constitute 25% of imports and 18% of exports, mainly driven by the presence of ORLEN Lietuva oil refinery with a refining capacity of 9 million tons a year, owned by Polish concern PKN Orlen.[164] Orlen Lietuva sold over €3.5 billion worth of products outside Lithuania,[164] compared to the total Lithuanian exports of €24 billion in 2014.

Some sectors are directed mainly at export markets. Transport and logistics export ⅔ of their products and/or services; the biotechnology industry exports 80%; plastics export 52%; laser technologies export 86%; metal processing, machinery and electric equipment export 64%; furniture and wood processing export 55%; textile and clothing export 76%; and the food industry exports 36%.[165]

Foreign trade partners, January–December 2022[18]
(structure of the statistics is highly affected by oil refinery ORLEN Lietuva importing and exporting big amounts of oil products)
Rank Country Combined
share 		Country Import Country Share of goods
of Lithuanian origin
in export 		Export
–   EU 62.7951%   EU 63.27%   EU 65.72% 62.23%
1   Poland 10.46%   Poland 11.67%   Latvia 41.86% 12.86%
2   Latvia 10.16%   Germany 11.62%   Poland 61.42% 9.04%
3   Germany 9.93%   Latvia 7.87%   Germany 75.47% 7.93%
4   United States 6.52%   United States 7.56%   Russia 7.38% 6.16%
5   Russia 5.50%   Sweden 5.26%   Estonia 52.23% 5.72%
6   Netherlands 4.93%   Russia 4.93%   Netherlands 84.46% 5.44%
7   Sweden 4.73%   Norway 4.84%   United States 91.10% 5.28%
8   Estonia 4.39%   Netherlands 4.50%   Sweden 87.66% 4.11%
9   Norway 3.74%   Saudi Arabia 4.15%   United Kingdom 86.66% 3.48%
10   United Kingdom 3.08%   China 3.78%   Belarus 5.39% 3.27%
11   Italy 2.94%   Italy 3.66%   Ukraine 70.47% 2.58%
12   France 2.45%   Estonia 3.26%   Norway 84.71% 2.44%
13   Saudi Arabia 2.42%   United Kingdom 2.73%   France 73.77% 2.29%
14   Belarus 2.29%   France 2.58%   Denmark 84.41% 2.27%
15   China 2.15%   Finland 2.42%   Italy 79.83% 2.08%
16   Finland 2.13%   Belgium 2.04%   Kazakhstan 8.34% 1.96%
17   Belgium 1.80%   Czechia 1.83%   Finland 71.15% 1.79%
18   Denmark 1.70%   Belarus 1.46%   Belgium 80.10% 1.51%
19   Ukraine 1.69%   Spain 1.34%   Spain 81.84% 1.44%
20   Czechia 1.52%   Denmark 1.23%   Turkey 63.63% 1.42%

Foreign corporate taxpayers

edit
Largest share of foreign corporate taxpayers, January–June 2023[166]
Country Companies Share
  Germany 70,667 30.0%
  Poland 19,509 8.3%
  Netherlands 17,027 7.2%
  Italy 15,903 6.7%
  United Kingdom 15,754 6.7%
  France 11,017 4.7%
  Spain 9,623 4.1%
  Austria 7,171 3.0%
  Latvia 6,961 3.0%
  Sweden 6,632 2.8%
  Estonia 6,502 2.8%
  United States 5,100 2.2%
Total 235,902 100%

Natural resources

edit

The total value of natural resources in Lithuania is around €17 billion, or around one third of Lithuania's GDP. The most valuable natural resource in the country is subterranean water, which constitutes more than half of the total value of natural resources.

In 1990 Lithuania started petroleum production from onshore oil wells as a response to the Soviet economic blockade.[167][168][169] Since 2001 the yearly production declined as Lithuanian government no longer supports development of new oil wells and banned any development of offshore oil rigs.[170][171]

Macro-economic

edit

The following table shows the main economic indicators in 2000–2020.[172]

Year GDP

(in bil. US$ PPP)

GDP per capita

(in US$ PPP)

GDP

(in bil. US$ nominal)

GDP growth
(real) 		Inflation
(in percent) 		Unemployment rate
(in percent) 		Government debt
(percentage of GDP)
2000 33.7 9,618 11.5 3.8% 1.0% 16.4% 23%
2005  54.6  16,422  26.1  7.7%  2.7%  8.3%  18%
2006  60.4  18,472  30.2  7.4%  3.8%  5.8%  17%
2007  68.9  21,319  39.8  11.1%  5.8%  4.2%  16%
2008  72.1  22,539  48.0  2.6%  11.2%  5.8%  15%
2009  61.9  19,562  37.5  −14.8%  4.2%  13.8%  29%
2010  63.7  20,552  37.2  1.6%  1.2%  17.8%  36%
2011  68.9  22,752  43.6  6.0%  4.1%  15.4%  37%
2012  72.9  24,382  43.0  3.8%  3.2%  13.4%  40%
2013  76.7  25,904  46.5  3.5%  1.2%  11.8%  39%
2014  80.8  27,537  48.6  3.5%  0.2%  10.7%  41%
2015  83.3  28,671  41.4  2.0%  −0.7%  9.1%  43%
2016  86.3  30,097  43.0  2.3%  0.7%  7.9%  40%
2017  91.2  32,298  47.7  3.8%  3.7%  7.1%  39%
2018  101.1  36,239  53.8  3.6%  2.5%  6.1%  34%
2019  107.4  38,587  54.8  3.9%  2.2%  6.3%  38%
2020  106.9  38,605  56.9  −1.8%  1.2%  8.2%  48%

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  2. ^ "World Bank Country and Lending Groups". datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. World Bank. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d "Lithuania". CIA.gov. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  4. ^ "Population on 1 January". osp.stat.gov.lt/. State Data Agency. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  6. ^ "The economic context of Lithuania". /www.nordeatrade.com. Retrieved 24 November 2018. Agriculture contributes 3.3% to the GDP and employs 9.1% of the active workforce (CIA World Factbook 2017 estimates). Lithuania's main agricultural products are wheat, wood, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wine and meat (beef, mutton and pork). The main industrial sectors are electronics, chemical products, machine tools, metal processing, construction material, household appliances, food processing, light industry (including textile), clothing and furniture. The country is also developing oil refineries and shipyards. The industrial sector contributes 28.5% to the GDP employing around 25% of the active population. Lastly, the services sector contributes 68.3% to the GDP and employs 65.8% of the active population. The information technology and communications sectors are the most important contributors to the GDP.
  7. ^ "Prognozė: skurdo rizikos lygis šiemet turėtų smukti 1 punktu iki 19,9 proc". 17 October 2023.
  8. ^ "People at risk of poverty or social exclusion". ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Eurostat. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  9. ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  10. ^ a b "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
  11. ^ "Corruption Perceptions Index". Transparency International. 30 January 2024. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  12. ^ "Labor force, total – Lithuania". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  13. ^ "Employment rate by sex, age group 20-64". ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Eurostat. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  14. ^ "Unemployment by sex and age – monthly average". appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  15. ^ "Unemployment rate by age group". data.oecd.org. OECD. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  16. ^ a b "Main Lithuanian indicators", osp.stat.gov.lt
  17. ^ "Pramonės produkcija, be PVM ir akcizo". Statistics Lithuania. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g "Exports, imports by country and territory". State Data Agency. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  19. ^ a b "Export, investments and tourism promotion". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  20. ^ a b c d e f "Euro area and EU27 government deficit both at 0.6% of GDP" (PDF). ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Eurostat. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  21. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  23. ^ "Sovereigns rating list". Standard & Poor's. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  24. ^ Moody's (8 September 2017). "Rating Action: Moody's affirms Lithuania's A3 rating, outlook remains stable". moodys.com. Moody's. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  25. ^ "Fitch Ratings Upgraded Lithuania's Credit Rating Outlook To "Positive"". 10 August 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  26. ^ "Scope affirms Lithuania's A ratings and revises Outlook to Positive". 20 September 2024. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
  27. ^ "Official reserve assets". lb.lt. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  28. ^ "Latest economic indicators". Bank of Lithuania. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  29. ^ "Lithuanian Economic Review". Bank of Lithuania. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  30. ^ "Ekonominės raidos scenarijus". Lietuvos Respublikos finansų ministerija (in Lithuanian). 4 January 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  31. ^ "Makroekonomikos prognozės". SEB (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  32. ^ "Naujausi Lietuvos ekonomikos ir finansų rodikliai". SEB (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  33. ^ "Pagrindiniai šalies rodikliai". Oficialiosios statistikos portalas (in Lithuanian). 25 April 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  34. ^ "Oficialiosios statistikos portalas – pradžia". OSP.stat.gov.lt (in Lithuanian). 25 April 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  35. ^ "Gross domestic product (GDP)". OECD. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  36. ^ "World Economic Outlook Database". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  37. ^ "Lithuania. GDP (current US$)". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  38. ^ "Lithuanias Year 2012 Budget Deficit Set Bellow 3 per cent GDP". bns.lt. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  39. ^ a b c d "Statistics Lithuania". Stat.gov.lt. 28 December 2009. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  40. ^ "Lietuvos makroekonomikos apzvalga" (PDF). SEB Bankas. April 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  41. ^ "Lithuania rules out devaluation". Financial Times. 18 June 2009. Retrieved 18 November 2018. But Mr Kubilius, speaking in Brussels ahead of an EU summit, said his government would press ahead with its austerity programme and would not request a relaxation of the terms for joining the euro area that are set out under EU treaty law.
  42. ^ "OECD Economic Surveys. LITHUANIA" (PDF). OECD. July 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2018. Lithuania's fiscal position is sound. After revenues fell sharply in the wake of the 2008 crisis, the government started consolidating public finances on the spending side by reducing the wage bill, lowering social spending and cutting infrastructure investment. The 2016 budget resulted in a 0.3% surplus, the first for more than a decade (Figure 13). As a result, gross debt is now stabilising at around 50% of GDP (OECD National Accounts definition), which is sustainable under various simulations (Fournier and Bétin, forthcoming). The budget remained positive in 2017 and is expected so in 2018.
  43. ^ "Rankings – Doing Business – The World Bank Group". Doing Business. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
  44. ^ a b "Lithuania information on economic freedom | Facts, data, analysis, charts and more". Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  45. ^ "Economic Freedom of the World: Annual Report 2021" (PDF). 2021. p. 8. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  46. ^ "Tiesioginės užsienio investicijos Lietuvoje pagal šalį – Lietuvos bankas". 9 January 2018. Archived from the original on 9 January 2018.
  47. ^ Dencik, Jacob; Spee, Roel (July 2018). "Global Location Trends – 2018 Annual Report: Getting ready for Globalization 4.0" (PDF). IBM Institute for Business Value. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2018. Ireland continues to lead the world for attracting high-value investment, generating substantial inward investment with strengths in key high-value sectors such as ICT, financial and business services and life sciences. But Singapore is now a close second, with Lithuania and Switzerland right behind.
  48. ^ a b "Population with tertiary education". data.oecd.org. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  49. ^ a b "Lithuanian Institutions Enhance Focus on New Financial Technologies and Fintech Sector Development in Lithuania". finmin.lrv.lt. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  50. ^ IBP, Inc. Lithuania Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments. Ed. Lulu.com 2015. Vol. 1. p. 175 Google Books. Lulu.com, 30 January 2015. Web. 3 March 2017. https://books.google.com/books?id=-Tr_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA175 ISBN 0739779109, 9780739779101[self-published source]
  51. ^ a b c Kolevinskienė, Žydronė (2023). Lietuva pasaulyje – pasaulis Lietuvoje. Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas. doi:10.7220/9786094675645. ISBN 978-609-467-564-5.
  52. ^ "A shocking exhibition about amber: not all roads lead to Rome". MadeinVilnius.lt (in Lithuanian). 27 October 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
  53. ^ a b c Klimantas, Adomas (2023). "Lithuanian economy, 1919–1940: stagnant but resilient. The first inter-war GDP time-series estimates and their implications". Scandinavian Economic History Review: 1–29. doi:10.1080/03585522.2023.2259909. ISSN 0358-5522. S2CID 263170101.
  54. ^ "Monument made of coins in central Vilnius to memorialise the litas and pay tribute to first Governor of Bank of Lithuania". lb.lt. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  55. ^ "Trumpas lino žydėjimas, ilgas lino gyvenimas…". sirvinta.lt (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  56. ^ Valančius, Grigas. "The Economic Development and Foreign Trade of Lithuania". lituanus.org. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  57. ^ "Lithuania – Official Gateway to Lithuania – History". Lietuva.lt. Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  58. ^ a b c d "Background Note: Lithuania". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
  59. ^ Ziemele, Ineta (31 October 2003). Baltic Yearbook of International Law, 2003. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 154. ISBN 978-90-04-13746-2. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  60. ^ Klimantas, Adomas; Zirgulis, Aras (16 July 2019). "A new estimate of Lithuanian GDP for 1937: How does interwar Lithuania compare?". Cliometrica. 14 (2): 227–281. doi:10.1007/s11698-019-00189-8. ISSN 1863-2513. S2CID 199312898.
  61. ^ a b c d Eduardas Vilkas. "Privatisation in Lithuania" (PDF). euro.lt. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2014.
  62. ^ "Gross value added share by economic sector, year – Database of Indicators – data and statistics". Db1.stat.gov.lt. 4 March 2010. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  63. ^ "Foreign trade | Statistics Lithuania". Stat.gov.lt. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  64. ^ "General Report 1999 - Chapter V: Enlargement – Section 4: Accession negotiations (3/3)". Archived from the original on 31 December 2007.
  65. ^ "Pradžia". Infolex.Lt. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  66. ^ a b Giovanna Maria Dora Dore (28 January 2015). "Hopping on a Sinking Ship?". The American Interest. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015.
  67. ^ "NASDAQ OMX Baltic". NASDAQ OMX Baltic. Archived from the original on 13 January 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  68. ^ "Turukapitalisatsioon". Aktsiad, Vabaturg, Vilniuse börs. 26 November 2009.
  69. ^ Structure of gross value added by kind of economic activity and year Archived 20 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  70. ^ "Rodiklių duomenų bazė". Db1.stat.gov.lt. Archived from the original on 2 April 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  71. ^ "Lithuania. GDP (current US$)". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  72. ^ "Bank of Lithuania : Statistics". Lb.lt. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  73. ^ "Statistics Lithuania". Stat.gov.lt. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  74. ^ Åslund, Anders (28 November 2011). "Lithuania's remarkable recovery". euobserver.com. Retrieved 24 November 2018. This year, Lithuania is one of the fastest growing economies in Europe with an annualized growth rate of 6.6 percent during the first half of the year. This high growth is driven by an exports surge of no less than 38 percent. This is an incredible achievement after a vicious financial crisis. Remember that Lithuania's GDP slumped by 14.7 percent in 2009. The explanation is rigorous government policy. Lithuania's attainment is often ignored or belittled because its neighbors Estonia and Latvia have carried out similar miracles, but they are all true heroes, and Lithuania's cure looks remarkable also among this tough competition.
  75. ^ "Lithuania.Current account balance (% of GDP)". data.worldbank.org. The World Bank. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  76. ^ "Statistical yearbook of Lithuania. 2018". osp.stat.gov.lt. p. 324. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  77. ^ "Lithuanian exports which grew most across Europe last year will beat value records this year". verslilietuva.lt. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  78. ^ "OECD Better Life. Lithuania". Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  79. ^ "Are Lithuanian residents happy in their own country?". lb.lt. Archived from the original on 2 July 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  80. ^ "World Happiness Report" (PDF). pp. 20–21. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  81. ^ Nikiforov, Ilja. "Company Registration in Lithuania | EU Business Setup". Eesti Firma. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  82. ^ a b "FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FLOW DOUBLED IN 2017". The Bank of Lithuania and Statistics Lithuania. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  83. ^ "Lithuania – one of the fastest-growing in EU Innovation area". Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  84. ^ "Free Economic Zones With Tax Benefits And One-Stop-Shop Services". InvestLithuania.com. Archived from the original on 12 September 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  85. ^ a b "Industrial Parks". InvestLithuania.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  86. ^ "WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2019: Special Economic Zones" (PDF). unctad.org. p. 152. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  87. ^ "Lithuania. BUREAU OF ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS AFFAIRS 2018. Investment Climate Statements". Archived from the original on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  88. ^ "Dar 100 gamyklų per ateinančius penkerius metus". vz.lt. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  89. ^ "Manufacturing Risk Index 2018" (PDF). Cushman & Wakefield. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
  90. ^ "EY Attractiveness Survey: Europe" (PDF). p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  91. ^ a b "Resident population at the beginning of the year".
  92. ^ a b c "Earnings in regions and municipalities", osp.stat.gov.lt
  93. ^ a b "BENDRASIS VIDAUS PRODUKTAS PAGAL APSKRITIS 2022 M." osp.stat.gov.lt.
  94. ^ "Industry Breakdown of Companies in Lithuania". HitHorizons.
  95. ^ "The rise of Lithuania as a force in IT: Why Google and Nasdaq are investing here". ZDNet. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  96. ^ "Bank of Lithuania". Lb.lt. 18 March 2010. Archived from the original on 12 April 2009. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  97. ^ "Bank of Lithuania". Lb.lt. Archived from the original on 8 March 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  98. ^ "Bank of Lithuania". Lb.lt. Retrieved 3 April 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  99. ^ "Moody's to open Vilnius office". emerging-europe.com. 13 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018. "After long and careful deliberation, we chose Vilnius because of its educated and multilingual talent pool, its highly-developed IT infrastructure and its business-friendly environment", said Duncan Neilson, a Moody's senior vice president. "Given our goals of hiring diverse talent and further developing our automation and cyber security capabilities, choosing Lithuania as our newest EU location makes good business sense".
  100. ^ "This Country Wants a Piece of London's Fintech". Bloomberg.com. 20 December 2017. Archived from the original on 21 December 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  101. ^ "Lithuania Registered 35 New Fintech Companies in 2017". crowdfundinsider.com. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  102. ^ Kostaki, Irene (31 January 2018). "Lithuania debuts as EU gateway for global blockchain industry". neweurope.eu. Archived from the original on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2018. The Lithuanian capital Vilnius launched Europe's first international Blockchain Centre on 27 January, making it the EU's only hub for the digital ledger. The new hub will help Europe connect with partner Blockchain Centres in Australia, China, Canada, the UK, Belgium, Denmark, Georgia, Gibraltar, Ukraine, Israel, and Latvia.
  103. ^ "Crypto license in Lithuania - Cryptocurrency license". AdamSmith. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
  104. ^ "Vilnius Aims To Attract Companies Scared of Brexit". forbes.com. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  105. ^ "Brexit a boon for Lithuania's 'fintech' drive". businesstimes.com.sg. 14 February 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  106. ^ Milda Šeputytė; Jeremy Kahn (21 December 2018). "Google Payment Expands With E-Money License From Lithuania". bloomberg.com. Bloomberg. Retrieved 22 December 2018. Google Payment, a company owned by Alphabet Inc., obtained an e-money license in Lithuania, joining a growing number of fintech firms that have secured permission from the Baltic nation to offer financial services across the European Union.
  107. ^ "Fintech Locations of the Future 2019/20: London tops first ranking". fdiintelligence.com. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  108. ^ "Regulatory sandbox". lb.lt. Archived from the original on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  109. ^ "FinTech companies showed avid interest in the LBChain project". lb.lt. Archived from the original on 6 July 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  110. ^ Rimantas Rudzkis; Natalja Titova (24 November 2006). "Manufacturing Industry Trends in Lithuania". Engineering Economics. 50 (5). Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  111. ^ "Lithuanian furniture makers among Ikea's biggest suppliers". lrt.lt. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2018. Aivaras Čičelis, deputy president at SEB Bank and head of Corporate Banking Division, said that "there were fears before that Lithuanian furniture makers would be pushed out of business by the Chinese and Indians, but this sector benefited from the financial crisis, when everyone was looking for cheap furniture and turned to Ikea, which sells Lithuanian production."
  112. ^ "Continental Expands its Presence in Europe and Builds First Plant in Lithuania". Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  113. ^ "Hella officially opens its electronics plant in Lithuania". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  114. ^ "lepa.lt – Domenai, domenų registravimas – UAB "Interneto vizija"" (PDF). lepa.lt. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  115. ^ Bancroft, Dani (26 July 2016). "What is Lithuania's role in European Biotech?". labiotech.eu. Retrieved 27 November 2018. Nowadays, as a member of the NATO, the European Union, and Eurozone, Lithuania's life science sector is growing around 20–25% annually; with special focus on the production and research of biotechnology, pharmaceutical and medical devices. Many of the products developed in Lithuania are geared towards international markets, with 90% of all life science products and services being exported around the world.
  116. ^ "Lithuania, a leading light in laser technology". Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  117. ^ "Growing impact of tourism on the Lithuanian economy". tourism.lt. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  118. ^ "2017 TOURISM IN LITHUANIA". osp.stat.gov.lt. p. 7. Retrieved 24 November 2018. In 2017, compared to 2016, the number foreign tourists grew by 4.4 per cent and totaled 1.6 million. The largest number of foreign tourists staying in the accommodation establishments of Lithuania came from Belarus (177 thousand), Germany (176.2 thousand), Russia (168.1 thousand), also from neighbouring countries – Poland (161.4 thousand), and Latvia (152.3 thousand). In 2017, the number of tourists increased from China (33.4 per cent), Greece (27.5 per cent), Luxembourg (24.3 per cent), Iceland (23.6 per cent), Canada (22.3 per cent), USA (21.6 per cent).
  119. ^ a b "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". 31 March 2023.
  120. ^ a b "Plečiasi Lietuvos žemės ūkio produkcijos eksporto geografija". Suvalkietis (in Lithuanian). 22 October 2024. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  121. ^ "Farm crops in the country by kind, type of farm – Database of Indicators – data and statistics". Db1.stat.gov.lt. Retrieved 3 April 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  122. ^ "Number of livestock and poultry by kind, period – Database of Indicators – data and statistics". Db1.stat.gov.lt. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  123. ^ a b "Consumption of main foodstuffs per capita by product – Database of Indicators – data and statistics". Db1.stat.gov.lt. Retrieved 3 April 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  124. ^ Lithuania production in 2018, by FAO
  125. ^ Ludo Segers; Justinas Šuliokas. "Lithuania's public secret, Europe's biggest transport company is located here". DELFI. The Lithuania Tribune.
  126. ^ "Top 50 companies in Baltics 2023". Coface. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  127. ^ "Didžiųjų įmonių pajamos 2023-iaisiais smuko 3 proc., o ikimokestinis pelnas augo 19 proc". LRT (in Lithuanian). 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  128. ^ "Didžiausios Lietuvos bendrovės 2023" [Largest companies of Lithuania 2023]. Verslo Žinios (in Lithuanian). 31 May 2024.
  129. ^ "Scoris TOP 500 – Didžiausios Lietuvos įmonės 2023". Scoris - Išsami Lietuvos įmonių duomenų bazė (in Lithuanian). 28 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  130. ^ Šimelevičienė, Jurgita (21 October 2024). "Vertingiausių Lietuvos įmonių šimtukas: pasikeitęs sąrašo lyderis ir keli netikėtumai". 15min (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  131. ^ "Darbo jėga ir darbo jėgos aktyvumo lygis pagal amžiaus grupes ir lytį". osp.stat.gov.lt. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  132. ^ "Average wages Total, US dollars, 1990 – 2017". data.oecd.org. OECD. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  133. ^ "Unemployment rate". osp.stat.gov.lt. Statistics Lithuania. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  134. ^ "Population with tertiary education". data.oecd.org. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  135. ^ "Education at a glance 2017. Lithuania" (PDF). gpseducation.oecd.org. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  136. ^ "OECD Economic Surveys LITHUANIA. 2016" (PDF). oecd.org. 24 March 2016. p. 22. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  137. ^ "2019 Shows Biggest Leap for Lithuania". 11 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018. The 2017 labor law reform significantly improved Lithuania's position in the Employment Flexibility Index, moving the country from the 27th to 15th position among the EU and OECD countries, according to Employment Flexibility Index 2019 compiled by the Lithuanian Free Market Institute based on the World Bank's Doing Business data.
  138. ^ Šimelevičienė, Jurgita (6 June 2024). "Didžiausi darbdaviai pagal savivaldybes: kas iškrito, o kas – iškilo?". 15min (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  139. ^ The company didn't disclose the actual employee disposition by location
  140. ^ "Global Wealth Report 2019" (PDF). Credit Suisse. p. 21. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  141. ^ "Global Wealth Databook". Credit Suisse. November 2017. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  142. ^ "Household debt". data.oecd.org. OECD. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  143. ^ a b "Naujasis NT mokestis Vilniuje: kiek tektų sumokėti už būstą?", www.lrt.lt, 16 October 2023
  144. ^ "Structure of gross value added by kind of economic activity (31), year – Database of Indicators – data and statistics". Db1.stat.gov.lt. Retrieved 3 April 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  145. ^ "Communications", Lithuania, World Factbook, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 13 May 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  146. ^ "Uptime Institute. Country: Lithuania, Tier Level: Tier III". Archived from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  147. ^ "Colocation Lithuania – Data Centers". Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  148. ^ "Lithuanian Communications Sector 2013" (PDF). Communications Regulatory Authority of the Republic of Lithuania. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  149. ^ "Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)". World Bank. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  150. ^ "ICT Infrastructure". Invest Lithuania. Archived from the original on 4 May 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  151. ^ "Nuclear energy – Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant Project". Vae.lt. Archived from the original on 2 March 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  152. ^ "Lithuania becomes first ex-Soviet state to buy US natural gas". Financial Times (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  153. ^ "Lithuania breaks Gazprom's monopoly by signing first LNG deal". Euractiv.com (in Lithuanian). 21 August 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  154. ^ "Klaipėda LNG terminal Factsheet" (PDF). Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Lithuania. 27 October 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  155. ^ "Klaipėda LNG Terminal one year on – independence or responsibility?". Lrt.lt. 11 November 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  156. ^ "Lithuanian Energy plans to set up industrial park at Kruonis plant". 15min.lt. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  157. ^ "Questions and answers on the synchronisation of the Baltic States' electricity networks with the continental European network (CEN)". 28 June 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  158. ^ a b c "Excellent Infrastructure". Lepa.lt. 21 December 2007. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  159. ^ "Lietuvos geležinkeliai". Litrail.lt. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  160. ^ "Lietuvos geležinkeliai". Litrail.lt. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  161. ^ "Marvelės uostą pasiekė pirmasis krovinys!". klaipeda.diena.lt (in Lithuanian). 23 April 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  162. ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  163. ^ a b "Eksportas, importas pagal valstybes" (PDF). Statistics Lithuania. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  164. ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  165. ^ "Neegzistuoja - Serveriai.lt" (PDF). www.lda.lt.
  166. ^ "Užsienio juridinių asmenų mokesčių mokėtojų skaičius" (in Lithuanian). VMI. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  167. ^ "Minijos nafta" Vilkyčiuose gręžia naują gręžinį
  168. ^ LOTOS istorija
  169. ^ VLE - Nafta
  170. ^ Senkant naftos ištekliams jos gavyba Lietuvoje gali būti stabdoma
  171. ^ Naftos gavyba Lietuvoje: dar keleri metai ir iš žemės pumpuosime paskutinius lašus
  172. ^ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". Retrieved 10 September 2018.
edit

  This article incorporates public domain material from Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs. "Background Note: Lithuania". U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State. Retrieved 17 October 2009.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Lithuania&oldid=1259901813"
  NODES
admin 2
Association 1
innovation 3
INTERN 26
Note 3
Project 7