Giovanni Dolfin, also known as Giovanni Delfino or Delfin (c. 1303 – 12 July 1361), was the 57th Doge of Venice from his appointment on 13 August 1356 to his death in 1361.[1][2] Despite his value as a general, during his reign Venice lost Dalmatia. He was blinded in one eye after a wound received in battle.
Giovanni Dolfin | |
|---|---|
 19th-century portrait of Giovanni Dolfin | |
| Doge of Venice | |
| In office 1356–1361 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1303 |
| Died | 12 July 1361 |
Biography
edit
He was born in Venice into one of the most ancient, noble and wealthy families of the city, as the son of Gregorio Delfin. The Dolfin family was allied with the Gradenigo, with whom they shared a common origin. Since the aristocratic coup of 1297, the Dolfin and the Gradenigo where among the favourites to occupy the ducal throne, and so they did, one after the other (Giovanni Dolfin's brother in law, Giovanni Gradenigo was doge before him). Dolfin was elected while defending Treviso, then besieged by Hungarian troops; being denied safe passage by his enemies, he broke the encirclement and reached Venice to be enthroned.
In the war which had broken out under Dolfin's predecessor, Hungary under King Louis I had conquered Dalmatia and was pushing other Venetian colonies to revolt. The Venetian defeat at Nervesa in February 1358 forced the Republic to sue for peace. In the resulting Treaty of Zadar the Venetians lost Dalmatia, Zara and Split, but maintained their naval predominance in the Adriatic Sea as the King of Hungary accepted not to build a fleet of his own. Also in 1358–1359 Padua started to menace the Venetian trades on the Brenta River and forced the city to stop trading with Egypt. These events triggered an economical crisis in Venice, which ended only after the War of Chioggia, in 1382.
Doge Giovanni Dolfin died in 1361 and was buried in the Basilica di San Giovanni e Paolo, a traditional burial place of the doges. His funerary monument is still visible today, showing the coat of arms of the noble Dolfin family.
In fiction
editThe plot of Donna Leon's 2000 Detective Mystery novel Friends in High Places, set in contemporary Venice, involves present-day (fictional) descendants of the Dolfin family, who are inordinately proud of their descent from the 14th-century doge (and who have little else to be proud of).
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Norwich, John Julius (2012) [1983]. A History of Venice. Penguin Books. pp. 641–642. ISBN 9780241953044.
- ^ Bianchini, Gigliola (1991). "DOLFIN, Giovanni". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 40. Treccani.