Jask (Persian: جاسک and Balochi: جاشک)[a] is a city in the Central District of Jask County, Hormozgan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4]
Jask
Persian: جَسک | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Cape of Jask | |
  Jask | |
| Coordinates: 25°39′11″N 57°46′54″E / 25.65306°N 57.78167°E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Hormozgan |
| County | Jask |
| District | Central |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
• Total | 16,860 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
Demographics
editPopulation
editAt the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 11,133 in 2,406 households.[5] The following census in 2011 counted 13,810 people in 2,958 households.[6] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 16,860 people in 4,415 households.[2]
Jask is a port town, about 1,690 kilometres (1,050 mi) south of Tehran,[7] situated on the Gulf of Oman.[8] It is the site of an Iranian Navy base that opened on 28 October 2008.[9] The base's position provides the Iranian Navy with the capability to close the Strait of Hormuz in order to block the entry of an "enemy" into the Persian Gulf. Admiral Habibollah Sayyari remarked on the base's opening that Iran was "creating a new defense front in the region, thinking of a non-regional enemy."[10]
The port of Jask is also the proposed end of the Neka-Jask pipeline. The city also has the Jask Airport.
Port of Jask
editThe port of Jask is a small port on the western part of Iran's coast along the Gulf of Oman. However, over the last few years it has seen a steady growth of its export freight flows to Oman, mostly agricultural products, including refrigerated, and construction materials[11]
Major developments for the port of Jask were announced by Iranian authorities in early 2019, i.e. the construction of a new terminal for oil tankers for a total investment of US$700 million, to be followed by the construction of a refinery and of a petrochemical plant. These developments are part of a total investment of US$1.8 billion centered on the construction of a new oil pipeline from Goreh, Bushehr to Jask in order to pump and export oil from Northern Iran.[12][13]
When these investments are completed in Jask, they will contribute to developing Iran's southern regional economy, as is already the case further east at Chabahar Port, and to facilitating exports through ports which do not require ships to enter the Persian Gulf through the Hormuz Strait.
History
editThe English people made Jask their primary commercial port in the 17th century, and in 1616 AD, a ship carrying their first shipment sailed from India and arrived at Jask. English businessmen founded the first East India Company trading post in Jask in the year 1619. Jask served as the East India Company's hub for trade and transactions with the Iranian central region up until Bandar Abbas was given responsibility for English trade. The English and Portuguese engaged in a bloody battle that ended with the Portuguese being defeated and driven from Jask in the late 1620s after the Portuguese blocked two East India Company ships from entering the port.
Language
editThe linguistic composition of the city:[14]
Climate
editJask has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with very hot summers, warm winters and little precipitation. Due to winds blowing off the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, the city has experienced some of the highest dew points and heat indices in the world. On July 31, 2015, Jask observed a temperature of 39.0 °C (102.2 °F) degrees with a dew point of 33.0 °C (91.4 °F), leading to a heat index of 69 °C (156 °F).[15] On July 20, 2012, Jask experienced a dew point temperature of 35 °C (95 °F).[16]
| Climate data for Jask (1968–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 29.0 (84.2) |
31.2 (88.2) |
35.0 (95.0) |
39.0 (102.2) |
44.8 (112.6) |
47.2 (117.0) |
43.0 (109.4) |
42.0 (107.6) |
42.0 (107.6) |
39.0 (102.2) |
34.0 (93.2) |
30.6 (87.1) |
47.2 (117.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.6 (74.5) |
24.2 (75.6) |
26.7 (80.1) |
30.2 (86.4) |
33.5 (92.3) |
34.9 (94.8) |
34.0 (93.2) |
32.9 (91.2) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.8 (89.2) |
28.7 (83.7) |
25.6 (78.1) |
29.9 (85.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 20.1 (68.2) |
21.0 (69.8) |
23.6 (74.5) |
27.0 (80.6) |
30.3 (86.5) |
32.2 (90.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.2 (88.2) |
30.2 (86.4) |
28.6 (83.5) |
25.1 (77.2) |
22.1 (71.8) |
27.0 (80.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.7 (62.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
29.5 (85.1) |
30.3 (86.5) |
29.4 (84.9) |
27.9 (82.2) |
25.3 (77.5) |
21.6 (70.9) |
18.6 (65.5) |
24.0 (75.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
14.0 (57.2) |
20.0 (68.0) |
18.0 (64.4) |
22.0 (71.6) |
20.0 (68.0) |
22.0 (71.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
9.0 (48.2) |
6.0 (42.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38.6 (1.52) |
28.1 (1.11) |
26.0 (1.02) |
4.8 (0.19) |
0.0 (0.0) |
4.5 (0.18) |
1.3 (0.05) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0.0 (0.0) |
3.4 (0.13) |
7.4 (0.29) |
25.1 (0.99) |
139.3 (5.48) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 3.0 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 11.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 61 | 64 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 71 | 77 | 78 | 76 | 69 | 63 | 62 | 68 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | 12.3 (54.1) |
13.9 (57.0) |
16.9 (62.4) |
20.1 (68.2) |
23.5 (74.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
27.5 (81.5) |
26.9 (80.4) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
17.5 (63.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 234.5 | 233.0 | 247.0 | 285.5 | 319.2 | 283.1 | 219.4 | 240.5 | 266.3 | 291.8 | 272.7 | 249.2 | 3,142.2 |
| Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records),[17] (temperatures),[18] (precipitation),[19] (humidity),[20] (days with precipitation),[21] (sunshine)[22] | |||||||||||||
See also
edit
Media related to Jask at Wikimedia Commons
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (18 November 2024). "Jask, Jask County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 18 November 2024.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Hormozgan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Jask can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3067830" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ Mousavi, Mirhossein (c. 2023) [Approved 2 February 1366]. Creation and formation of two districts and eight rural districts in Jask County in Hormozgan province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 53/1/5/1/92031. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Hormozgan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Hormozgan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
- ^ Samuel Barrett Miles; Robin Bidwell (1997). The Countries and Tribes of the Persian Gulf. Garnet & Ithaca Press. p. 185. ISBN 1-873938-56-X.
- ^ "Iran opens Gulf naval base". Al Jazeera. 28 October 2008. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
- ^ "Iran 'opens naval base' near Gulf". BBC. 28 October 2008. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
- ^ Organization, Ports & Maritime. "98% increase in Jask Port exports". Ports & Maritime Organization. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ "Iran to spend $700m for developing Jask region". The Iran Project. 30 September 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ "Iran building oil pipeline to terminal outside Gulf". Reuters. 1 October 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2021 – via www.reuters.com.
- ^ "Language distribution: Hormozgan Province". Iran Atlas. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- ^ Samenow, Jason. "Iran city hits suffocating heat index of 165 degrees, near world record". The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
- ^ "Historical Weather on Friday, July 20, 2012 at Jask, Iran - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ *"Highest record temperature in Jask by Month 1968–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Lowest record temperature in Jask by Month 1983–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ *"Average Maximum temperature in Jask by Month 1968–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Average Mean Daily temperature in Jask by Month 1968–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Average Minimum temperature in Jask by Month 1968–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "Monthly Total Precipitation in Jask by Month 1968–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "Average relative humidity in Jask by Month 1983–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Jask by Month 1968–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "Monthly total sunshine hours in Jask by Month 1968–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.