John Philip Abizaid (born 1 April 1951) is a retired United States Army general and former United States Central Command (CENTCOM) commander who served as the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 2019 to 2021.
In 2007, Abizaid retired after 34 years of service.[1] As of 2007, Abizaid is employed as a fellow of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.[2] He assumed the Distinguished Chair of the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point in December 2007. Abizaid was appointed to the board of directors of RPM International on 24 January 2008, and also sits on the board of directors of the Defense Ventures Group.[3] In 2008, he was selected as a Montgomery Fellow at Dartmouth College.[4]
On 13 November 2018, he was nominated as the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia.[5] He was confirmed by the United States Senate as ambassador on 10 April 2019, and sworn in on 30 April 2019.[6] Abizaid formally presented his credentials to King Salman on 16 June 2019.[7] He resigned on 20 January 2021.[8] He now serves as senior advisor at Albright Stonebridge Group.[9]
Early life and education
editAbizaid was born in Redwood City, California, to a family of Lebanese Roman Catholic Christians; his grandparents had immigrated from Lebanon in the 19th century.[10] He was raised in Coleville, California, where he graduated from high school in 1969. His father, who served in the United States Navy as a machinist during World War II, raised him after Abizaid's mother died of cancer.[10]
Abizaid's military education includes the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York (Class of 1973); Infantry Officer Basic and Advanced courses, Armed Forces Staff College, and a U.S. Army War College Senior Fellowship at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University.
In his civilian studies, he earned a Master of Arts degree in Middle Eastern studies at Harvard University, and was an Olmsted Scholar at the University of Jordan in Amman, Jordan. Abizaid greatly impressed his teachers at Harvard University. Nadav Safran, the director of the Harvard Center for Middle Eastern Studies kept Abizaid's 100-page paper on defense policy for Saudi Arabia, the only paper of a master's student he has kept, saying, "It was absolutely the best seminar paper I ever got in my 30-plus years at Harvard."[11]
Career
edit
Abizaid was commissioned a second lieutenant of infantry upon graduation from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, Class of June 1973. He started his career with the 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, where he served as a rifle and scout platoon leader. He commanded companies in the 2nd and 1st Ranger Battalions, leading a Ranger Rifle Company during the invasion of Grenada. In 1983, he jumped from an MC-130 onto a landing strip in Grenada and ordered one of his Rangers to drive a bulldozer like a tank toward Cuban troops as he advanced behind it—a move highlighted in the 1986 Clint Eastwood film, Heartbreak Ridge.
Abizaid commanded the 3rd Battalion, 325th Airborne Regiment combat Team in Vicenza, Italy, during the Persian Gulf War and deployed with the battalion in Northern Iraq to provide a safe haven for the Kurds.
His brigade command was the 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment of the 82nd Airborne Division. He served as the Assistant Division Commander, 1st Armored Division, in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Following that tour, he served as the 66th Commandant at the United States Military Academy at West Point. At West Point, he reined in hazing rituals and revamped the curriculum. Later, he took command of the 1st Infantry Division, the "Big Red One," in Würzburg, Germany, from David L. Grange, which provided the first U.S. ground forces into Kosovo. He served as the Deputy Commander (Forward), Combined Forces Command, U.S. Central Command during Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Staff assignments include a tour with the United Nations as Operations Officer (G-3) for Observer Group Lebanon and a tour in the Office of the Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army. European staff tours include assignments in both the Southern European Task Force and Headquarters, U.S. Army Europe. Abizaid also served as Executive Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Director of Strategic Plans and Policy (J-5) on the Joint Staff and Director of the Joint Staff.
Following the Iraq War and the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, Abizaid assumed command of Central Command from General Tommy Franks. He was under consideration to become the chief of staff of the Army in 2003, but declined the appointment.[12]
On 20 December 2006, it was announced that Abizaid would step down from his position and retire in March 2007. He had planned to retire earlier, but stayed at the urging of Donald Rumsfeld.[13] On 16 March 2007, Abizaid transferred command to Admiral William J. Fallon, after serving longer as commander of U.S. Central Command than any of his predecessors.
On 8 September 2016, Abizaid was appointed advisor to Ukrainian Defense Minister Stepan Poltorak by Secretary of Defense Ash Carter.[14]
On 13 November 2018, he was nominated as the U.S. Ambassador to Saudi Arabia.[15] He was confirmed by the United States Senate as ambassador on 10 April 2019, and sworn in on 30 April 2019.[6] Abizaid formally presented his credentials to King Salman on 16 June 2019.[16]
Personal life
editAbizaid is married[10] and has three children, including Christine Abizaid.[10] He learned Arabic in the military.[10]
Global War on Terrorism speech
editIn November 2005, Abizaid gave a speech on the Global War on Terrorism at the Naval War College.[17]
2006–2007 comments on Iraq
edit
On 3 August 2006, Abizaid, in testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee, said the following about the situation on the ground in Iraq: "I believe that the sectarian violence is probably as bad as I've seen it, in Baghdad in particular, and that if not stopped, it is possible that Iraq could move towards civil war." He also testified, "I'm optimistic that that slide [toward civil war] can be prevented".[18]
Bob Woodward on Abizaid and Murtha
edit
In State of Denial: Bush at War, Part III (as excerpted in Newsweek magazine), Bob Woodward of The Washington Post wrote that on 16 March 2006, Abizaid was in Washington to testify before the Senate Armed Services Committee. "He painted a careful but upbeat picture of the situation in Iraq." Subsequently, "he went over to see Congressman John Murtha (D-Pa), the 73-year old veteran Marine who had introduced a resolution the previous November calling for the redeployment of troops from Iraq as soon as practicable." Abizaid said he wanted to speak frankly, and "according to Murtha, Abizaid raised his hand for emphasis and held his thumb and forefinger a quarter of an inch from each other and said, "We're that far apart."
On 1 October 2006, an interview of Woodward by CBS reporter Mike Wallace was broadcast on the television show 60 Minutes. Wallace mentioned the Murtha-Abizaid conversation. Wallace asked Woodward to confirm that Murtha had told him of this tale of meeting with Abizaid; Woodward nodded his head in assent and said yes.[19]
Iran's nuclear program
editIn remarks at the Center for Strategic and International Studies reported on 17 September 2007, Abizaid stated, "We need to press the international community as hard as we possibly can, and the Iranians, to cease and desist on the development of a nuclear weapon and we should not preclude any option that we may have to deal with it." He also said, "I believe that we have the power to deter Iran, should it become nuclear."
"There are ways to live with a nuclear Iran," Abizaid said, "Let's face it, we lived with a nuclear Soviet Union, we've lived with a nuclear China, and we're living with (other) nuclear powers as well."[20]
Awards and decorations
editAbizaid has been decorated for service, to include:[21][22][23]
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International decorations
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Honorary Officer of the Order of Australia[24]
Gold Cross of Honour of the Bundeswehr (Ehrenkreuz der Bundeswehr in Gold)
References
edit- ^ Jim Tice (2 May 2007). "Former CentCom chief retires". Army Times. Retrieved 2 May 2007.
- ^ "Stanford welcomes back retired Army general, political scientist". Stanford Report. May 10, 2007. Archived from the original on June 21, 2007. Retrieved June 15, 2007.
- ^ "Spratt to tour Defense Venture Group facility in Lancaster | News Talk 94.3 WRHI". August 23, 2010. Archived from the original on September 2, 2010. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
- ^ "Dartmouth News - Retired U.S. General John Abizaid to Discuss, "The United States and the Middle East: Strategic Choices for the Way Ahead," October 14 as a Montgomery Fellow - 10/10/08". Archived from the original on 16 October 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
- ^ "Trump names retired general John Abizaid to be ambassador to Saudi Arabia". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ a b Byrnes, Jesse (10 April 2019). "Senate confirms Trump's pick for ambassador to Saudi Arabia". TheHill.
- ^ "US Ambassador John Abizaid, Indian Ambassador Dr. Ausaf Sayeed join other envoys in presenting their credentials to King Salman in Jeddah this morning". Al-Bilad English. 16 June 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
- ^ "Message for U.S. Citizens: A Farewell Message from U.S. Ambassador John Abizaid to the American Citizen Community in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia". U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Saudi Arabia. 20 January 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "News | Albright Stonebridge Group". www.albrightstonebridge.com. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d e de la Garza, Paul (September 3, 2006). "In search of ground truth". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on June 19, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
- ^ Barnard, Anne; Swidey, Neil (27 March 2003). "U.S. Commander's Background Considered a Strength in War with Iraq". The Boston Globe.
- ^ Grossman, Elaine (4 August 2003). "News analysis: SCHOOMAKER CHOICE SENDS RIPPLE EFFECT THROUGH ARMY AND BEYOND". Inside the Army. 15 (31). Inside Washington Publishers: 13–15. JSTOR 24819977. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ Spiegel, Peter (20 December 2006). "Top general in Mideast to retire". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 6 January 2007. Retrieved 21 December 2006.
- ^ Burns, Robert (September 8, 2016). "Retired Gen. Abizaid to advise Ukraine's defense minister". Military Times. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
- ^ "Trump names retired general John Abizaid to be ambassador to Saudi Arabia". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
- ^ "US Ambassador John Abizaid, Indian Ambassador Dr. Ausaf Sayeed join other envoys in presenting their credentials to King Salman in Jeddah this morning". Al-Bilad English. 16 June 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
- ^ "Notes From a Student at the Naval War College on Army Gen. Abizaid's Recent Speech" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2005.
- ^ Shanker, Thom (August 4, 2006). "U.S. General Says Iraq Could Slide Into a Civil War". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved December 21, 2006.
- ^ Bob Woodward, Mike Wallace (1 October 2006). Bob Woodward: State of Denial. 60 Minutes (TV-Series). Archived from the original on 19 February 2007.
- ^ Abizaid: World could abide nuclear Iran Yahoo News, by Robert Burns Mon Sep 17,[dead link]
- ^ "Dartmouth 2009 Honorary Degree Recipient John P. Abizaid (Doctor of Laws)". Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
- ^ "USIS Advisory Board members bio". Archived from the original on February 15, 2012. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
- ^ "Guest speaker Gen John P. Abizaid". Archived from the original on July 1, 2010. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
- ^ "Appointed an Honorary Officer (AO) in the Military Division of the Order of Australia". Archived from the original on 6 July 2011.
Further reading
edit- Cloud, David; Greg Jaffe (2009). The Fourth Star: Four Generals and the Epic Struggle for the Future of the United States Army. Random House.
External links
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- Interview with GEN(R) John Abizaid discussing September 11, 2001 on the West Point Center for Oral History; see also www.westpointcoh.org
- Interview with GEN(R) John Abizaid about his career on the West Point Center for Oral History; see also www.westpointcoh.org
- "West Point Association of Graduates Distinguished Graduate Award Recipient 2009"
- "Newsmaker: General John Abizaid" Archived January 15, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, PBS, March 4, 2004.
- John Abizaid bio at the Preventive Defense Project Archived September 17, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
- "Centcom's Renaissance Man", The Washington Post
- Paul de la Garza, "In Search of Ground Truth: CentCom chief Gen. John Abizaid crisscrosses the front lines to get intel on the war on terror....", St. Petersburg Times, September 3, 2006
- "Abizaid plans to leave post in March" The Boston Globe, December 20, 2006
- New Hand at Helm at Centcom
- Appearances on C-SPAN