Ksingmul (Ksing Mul, Puoc, Vietnamese: Xinh Mun, Chinese: 欣门语) is a Mon–Khmer language spoken by the Ksingmul people of Vietnam and Laos.
| Ksingmul | |
|---|---|
| Puoc | |
| Xinh Mun | |
| Native to | Vietnam, Laos |
| Ethnicity | Ksingmul people |
Native speakers | (27,000 cited 1999 & 2005 censuses)[1] |
Austroasiatic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | puo |
| Glottolog | puoc1238 |
Varieties
editJerold Edmondson (2010: 144), citing Đặng Nghiêm Vạn, et al. (1972: 254 ff.), lists 3 major varieties of Ksingmul. Ksingmul Nghệt is the most conservative variety.
- Ksingmul Nghệt: Nà Nghệt Village, Xiêng Khọ District, Sầm Nưa Province (Houaphan Province), Laos
- Ksingmul Dạ: Chiềng On Village, Yên Châu District, Sơn La Province, Vietnam
- Ksingmul Đồng
Phonology
editSource:[2]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Stop | plain | p | t | c | k | ʔ |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
| voiced | b | d | g | |||
| Fricative | plain | s | h | |||
| voiced | zʲ | |||||
| Approximant | w | l | ||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Diphthong | iə | ɨə | uə |
| Mid | ə | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔː | |
| Open | ä |
All monophthongs can be long or short, apart from /ɔː/ which can only be long.
References
edit- ^ Ksingmul at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Dmitry Nikolaev. 2019. Ksingmul sound inventory (EA). In: Moran, Steven & McCloy, Daniel (eds.)
- Edmondson, Jerold A. 2010. "The Kháng language of Vietnam in comparison to Ksingmul (Xinh-mun)." In Kenneth A. McElhanon and Ger Reesink, A Mosaic of languages and cultures: studies celebrating the career of Karl J. Franklin, 138–154. SIL e-Books, 19. [Dallas]: SIL International. http://www.sil.org/resources/archives/9267
External links
edit- http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
- http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-9380-C@view Ksingmul in RWAAI Digital Archive